An epidemiological investigation of an border-imported case with Plasmodium vivax malaria / 预防医学

Abstract@#On March 12, 2022, a case with Plasmodium vivax malaria was reported in the First Hospital of Jiaxing City. The case sought healthcare services due to persist, sharp distending pain of the brain and fever on February 25, 2022, and the symptoms showed no improvements following symptomatic treatment. Microscopy identified malaria parasites on March 12, and the case was definitively diagnosed as P. vivax malaria on March 13. The case was discharged from hospital on March 16 and relapsed on June 15. The case was a veteran from the China-Myanmar border, where malaria is highly prevalent, and had no history of travel after returning to Jiaxing City on October 2021. Based on epidemiological history and laboratory tests, the case was diagnosed as a cross-border mosquito-borne imported case of P. vivax malaria. The case was given treatment with mosquito vector isolation, and the case's family members, neighbors and colleagues were all tested negative for malaria parasites. There was no Anopheles sinensis detected in the case' residence; however, Anopheles was detected in the neighboring areas, indicating a risk of re-establishment. Returners from high-risk regions including borders and labor exporters are recommended to be included in malaria surveillance, and the sensitivity of malaria surveillance requires to be maintained and the diagnostic and treatment capability of malaria requires to be improved in medical institutions.

Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries

An archaeoparasitological analysis of the soil samples from Nadym Gorodok site of Western Siberia has been carried out in this study. The archaeological site was dated as the 13 to 18th century, being characterized as permafrost region ensuring good preservation of ancient parasite eggs. Parasite eggs as Opisthorchis felineus, Alaria alata, and Diphyllobothrium sp. were found in the archaeological soil samples, which made clear about the detailed aspects of Nadym Gorodok people's life. We found the Diphyllobothrium sp. eggs throughout the 14 to 18th century specimens, allowing us to presume that raw or undercooked fish might have been commonly used for the foods of Nadym Gorodok inhabitants and their dogs for at least the past 400 years. Our study on Nadym Gorodok specimens also demonstrate that there might have been migratory interactions and strong economic ties between the people and society in Western Siberia, based on archaeoparasitological results of Opisthorchis felineus in Western Siberia.

Clinical analysis of early hemolysis and delayed hemolysis after treatment in patients with malaria / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors of delayed hemolysis after treatment in patients with malaria .Methods Eighty-nine cases of malaria were retrospectively analyzed .The incidence rate , time from treatment to delayed hemolysis and clinical features of delayed hemolysis after treatment in patients with malaria were investigated .The characteristics of demography ,etiology and laboratory data were compared between delayed hemolysis group and non-delayed hemolysis group .The t test ,χ2 test and Fisher exact test were used for comparison between groups .Results A total of 89 cases of malaria infection were included and 8 cases were diagnosed with delayed hemolysis after treatment among them , with incidence rate of 8 .99% .Patients developed delayed hemolysis after anti-malarial treatment with a median of 7 .5 d and patients recovered from hemolysis after the usage of glucocorticoid with a median of 2 .5 d .The 8 cases were all infected with Plasmodium f alciparum ,and 4 of which had high parasitemia . None of the patients with delayed hemolysis came from epidemic area ,while 28 of the patients without non-delayed hemolysis came from epidemic area .The difference was statistically significant (P=0 .042 , Fisher unilateral exact test) .The average level of minimum hemoglobin was (44 .87 ± 11 .58) g/L in patients with delayed hemolysis ,which was significantly lower than that of non-delayed hemolysis group (108 .35 ± 19 .72) g/L (t= -8 .923 , P< 0 .01) .Conclusion Plasmodium falciparum infection , hyperparasitemia and having no immunity against malaria may be risk factors of delayed hemolysis after treatment .