Therapeutic Management of Prolonged Postpartum Anoestrus in a Crossbred Jersey Cattle without Hormonal Intervention: A Case Report

The present case study discuss about the therapeutic management of prolonged postpartum anoestrus in a crossbred Jersey cattle without any hormonal intervention. A three and half years old cattle having approximate 250 kg body weight was presented to an animal health camp held on Burdhaman district in West Bengal state (India) with a history of postpartum anoestrus. According to the cattle owner the animal hasn’t shown any symptoms of estrus cycle even after five months of first calving. On per-rectal examination the animal failed to reveal distinctly palpable corpus luteum in the ovaries with apparently normal uterus. In this case, at first the cattle was dewormed then managed with supportive therapy by giving vitamins and minerals supplements. For better result ovarian massage was given also. The owner informed that animal came to heat after one month of treatment and now the animal is three months pregnant after conceiving through artificial insemination

The effect of Gonadotropin releasing hormone administration on fertility and embryonic loss in goats during the anoestrus period

Following the induction of oestrus out of season in small ruminants, low fertility and variations in fertility rates are associated with embryonic losses. One of the main causes of embryonic loss is luteal dysfunction. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) supports the luteal structure, and increasing progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of promoting embryonic life. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of GnRH administration following an oestrus induction protocol in the anoestrus season for preventing embryonic loss in goats having failure to conceive during the season. In the study, 106 Damascus goats aged 3-5 years and weighing 45-60 kg were used. The oestrus of 106 goats in the anoestrous group was stimulated with progesterone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment. Out of breeding season, goats were divided into the 4 following groups: GnRH0 (n = 27), GnRH7 (n = 26), GnRH0+7 (n = 27) and control (n = 26). In each goat, an intravaginal sponge (IS) containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA) was placed into the vagina and left for 9 days. With the withdrawal of the sponge, 550IU PMSG and 125 µg of d-cloprostenol were injected intramuscularly. Oestrus detection was made via teaser bucks for 3 days starting 24 h after withdrawal of the IS. Eighteen bucks known to be fertile were used for breeding. Goats in the oestrus period were mated via natural breeding. The GnRH analogue lecirelin was injected intramuscularly at breeding in the GnRH0 group, on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH7 group, and both at breeding and on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH0+7 group. No injections were given to the control group. Blood samples for progesterone measurement were taken by jugular vena puncturing on days 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19 after breeding from 10 randomly chosen goats in all groups. The goats with a level of > 3.5 ng/mL of progesterone on day 21 post-breeding were evaluated as pregnant. Pregnancy was also viewed on day 50 after breeding by real-time ultrasonography (USG) with a 5-7.5 MHz convex probe. The oestrus rate was 96.23% (102/106) in the goats. The rates of onset of oestrus between 36-48 h, 48-60 h and 60 h and beyond were 38.7% (41/106), 21.7% (23/106) and 35.8% (38/106), respectively. The total pregnancy rate was 35.8% (38/106). There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) found for the pregnancy rate, embryonic death rate or progesterone concentration of the groups. However, serum progesterone levels were statistically different in the GnRH7 group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After synchronisation, various anti-luteolytic strategies can be used to support corpus luteum development and elevate progesterone concentration in the luteal phase to decrease embryonic loss and increase reproductive performance. Therefore, application of GnRH to support the luteal structure and to increase progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of supporting embryonic life. The results showed that GnRH treatment on the day 7 post-breeding following oestrus induction, including FGA and PMSG, can increase serum progesterone levels in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period. However, following oestrus induction in the anoestrus period, it was seen that GnRH treatment at breeding or on day 7 after breeding did not have any positive effect on embryonic loss or reproductive performance. In conclusion, it was considered that this protocol could be implemented successfully, yielding a 35% pregnancy rate in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period, but embryonic loss must be deeply studied in detail.(AU)

Incidence of Postpartum Anoestrus and Oestrus Behavior and Gynecological Symptoms in Hormonal Treated Postpartum Anoestrus Buffaloes

The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the incidence of anoestrus in postpartum buffaloes and compare the intensity of oestrus in anoestrus and oestrus induced buffaloes. A total of 500 postpartum buffaloes were selected from different villages situated around Rewa (M.P.). Calving and breeding history of animals was recorded and Gynaeco-clinical examination. The incidence of anoestrus in postpartum buffaloes was recorded as 33.40 per cent. Out of 167 postpartum buffaloes found to be positive for anoestrus, 24 buffaloes were again randomly divided into three treatment (n=18) and control group (n=06). These treatment group animals were again divided into 03 groups on the basis of hormonal treatment protocols given to animals of groups. Ovsynch group, Heatsynch group, CIDR plus Heatsynch group while control group animals were left untreated. Oestrus intensity score of buffaloes ranged from 80-90, 68-72 and 46-52 in intense, moderate and weak oestrus intensities at induced oestrus respectively, with a mean weighed score of 84.88±1.30, 70.00±0.81 and 49.00±3.00, respectively. Thus it was concluded that the incidence of anoestrus recorded to be 33.40 per cent. Oestrus intensity score card pattern is a good tool to designate intensity of oestrus which has positive relationship with fertility

Actividad reproductiva de la oveja Pelibuey durante la época del anestro: Influencia de la presencia del macho / Reproductive Activity of Pelibuey Ewe During the Anoestrus Season: Influence of the Male Presence

Se determinó la actividad reproductiva de ovejas Pelibuey durante la época de anestro, a 19° latitud norte. Se utilizaron 26 ovejas Pelibuey adultas y 21 ovejas nulíparas, hijas de las anteriores. Durante el primer año las ovejas adultas y nulíparas fueron sometidas diariamente a la detección de celos, de diciembre a julio, utilizando machos Pelibuey provistos de mandil. Durante el segundo año, las hembras fueron aisladas de los machos y se determinó la actividad ovárica por medio de concentraciones de progesterona en los mismos meses. En el primer año, la proporción de estros encontrada de enero a abril fue mayor (P < 0,05) en las ovejas adultas (100; 96,1; 84,6 y 96,1%) que en las nulíparas (42,8; 57,1; 52,3; 61,9%), respectivamente. Diez ovejas adultas y cuatro nulíparas ciclaron de manera regular y continua durante todo el período de observación. Durante el segundo año, la actividad ovulatoria se comportó en forma diferente en ambos grupos; a partir de marzo, se muestra un descenso el cual se mantiene hasta junio en las adultas y en julio en las nulíparas. Además, los porcentajes fueron significativamente diferentes. Ocho ovejas adultas tuvieron actividad ovulatoria continua. Se concluye que algunas ovejas Pelibuey tienen capacidad para mostrar actividad reproductiva continua durante los meses del anestro. Dicha actividad es menor en las hembras nulíparas que en las adultas. La presencia del macho durante la detección de celos ejerce un efecto estimulatorio sobre la actividad estral. La identificación de ovejas con capacidad para ciclar en forma continua, abre la posibilidad de realizar un programa de selección tendente a fijar esta característica.

Reproductive activity of Pelibuey ewes during the anoestrus was determined at 19° lat.N. Twenty six adult Pelibuey ewes and their twenty one nuliparous daughters were used. During the first year, adult and nuliparous ewes were subjected to daily estrous detection from December to July with Pelibuey rams fitted with an apron. During the second year, females were isolated from males and ovarian activity was followed by progesterone concentrations for the same months. Monthly estrous proportion from January to April was higher (P < 0.05) in adult (100, 96.1, 84.6 y 96.1%) than in nuliparous ewes (42.8, 57.1, 52.3, 61.9%). In the first year, ten adult and four nuliparous ewes cycled in a regular and continuous manner during the whole observation period. During the second year, ovulatory activity showed different paterns in the experimental groups; following March, there was a percentage reduction up to June (adults) and July (nuliparous). Eigth adult ewes showed a continuos ovulatory activity. It is concluded that some Pelibuey ewes have the capacity to show a continuous reproductive activity during the anoestrus months. This capacity is lower in nuliparous than in adult ewes. The presence of the male during estrous detection exerts an stimulatory effect on estrous activity. Identification of ewes that cycle in an continuous manner open the possibility to establish a selection program toward this trait.

Secreção diária de estradiol, progesterona e hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) em ovelhas durante o anestro estacional / Daily secretion of plasma oestradiol, progesterone and FSH in ewes during seasonal anoestrus

As alterações produzidas na atividade hormonal pulsátil e a sensibilidade aos seus efeitos de feed-back negativos, são os principais determinantes das modificações ocorridas durante o anestro em ovelhas. Seis ovelhas da raça Ideal foram estudadas para determinar a concentração de estradiol, progesterona e hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH), durante o anestro estacional. O sangue foi colhido por venopunção jugular a cada duas horas, durante 24 horas (12h PM até 10h AM do dia seguinte), no mês de agosto, na estação anestral. O plasma foi separado e estocado a -20°C até a determinação de estradiol, progesterona e FSH por radioimunoensaio. A concentração de progesterona foi basal, independentemente do momento de colheita ou do animal. O estradiol e o FSH mostraram correlação inversa, com curvas de comportamento linear crescente (estradiol) e decrescente (FSH). O período de 24 horas de colheita coincidiu com o momento fisiológico de aumento do estradiol e queda do FSH visto que, durante o anestro, a secreção de FSH é principalmente controlada pelo estradiol. A variação nos níveis plasmáticos de FSH durante o anestro foi semelhante às variações verificadas durante o ciclo estral, porém com valores mais baixos.