Light/dark box as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mouse: Conditions and factors / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the factors on behavior patterns of light/dark box(LDB)as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mice.Methods The behavior of adult,male,Kunming mice in LDB was recorded for five minutes,respectively.The following parameters were evaluated:percentage of time in the light area(Ltime%),percentage of squares crossing in the light area(Lcross%),percentage of rears in the light area(Lrear%),total number of squares crossing in the whole apparatus(Cross),total number of rears in the whole apparatus(Rear),total(Cross plus Rear),transitions between two areas(Transition),and number of fecal bolis in light box and dark box(Fbs).Subsequently,the factors,such as day-night rhythm,illumination area(L3/5 or L2/5 for ratio between Light box and Dark box:3:2 or 2:3,respectively),illumination color(in Dark box)and illumination intensity(in Light box),were investigated to screen the best experimental conditions.Results t-test showed that compared with night cycle,there was no significant difference in all LDB parameters during day cycle(P>0.05),while compared with 3/5 and 2/5,LDB parameters during day cycle such as Lcross%(t=5.363,P0.05),but a statistical influence of illumination area on Ltime%(F(1,20)=18.361,P0.05).Conclusions LDB as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mice can evaluate anxiety-,locomotion-exploration and emotionality- related behaviors,which cannot be affected by day-night rhythm,but illumination area(Ltime%,Lcross%,Lrear%),illumination color(Rear)and illumination intensity(Cross,Total).So it is recommended to adopt the uniform and fixed conditions,such as illumination area,color and intensity(less than 100 W).

To study problematic eating behavior and its association with early childhood caries among 36–71-month-old children using children eating behavior questionnaire

Context: Problematic eating behavior pattern prevalent in children can be a potential risk factor for Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Pediatric dentist must be vigilant to enquire about eating behavior pattern and guide parents comprehensively. Aim: The aim of this study is to find the association between problematic ECC among 36–71-month-old children. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2000 children from both the sex and various socioeconomic backgrounds. Methods: A questionnaire was made to assess the personal information and problematic eating behavior of the child using Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) which was filled by parents. Clinical examinations were performed on the date of questionnaire collection and caries diagnosis was done in the dentition status part of “WHO oral health assessment form 2013.” Statistical Analysis Used: The software used for the statistical analysis was SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 16.0. Results: The prevalence of ECC in the study sample was 42.6%. Out of eight domains into which problematic eating behavior was divided, domains Emotional Overeating (EOE), Satiety Responsiveness (SR), Slowness of Eating (SE), Desire to Drink, Food Fussiness, and Emotional Under eating were significantly associated with ECC. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between problematic eating behavior and ECC; such behavior should be recognized at early stages and interrupted so that the risk of developing caries in permanent dentition could be prevented.

Clinical Observation of Addition and Subtraction Therapy of Taohong Siwutang Combined with Chaihu Shugansan to Unstable Angina Pectoris with Type A Behavior Pattern / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of addition and subtraction therapy of Taohong Siwutang combined with Chaihu Shugansan to unstable angina pectoris with type A behavior pattern (Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome), and investigate its effects on proinflammatory factors and serotonin (5-HT). Method: One hundred twenty-four patients were randomly divided into control group (60 cases) and observation group(64 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got Aspirin enteric-coated tablets, 100 mg/time, 1 time/day. Tigrillo tablets, 90 mg/time, 2 times/days. Metoprolol tartrate tablets, 50 mg/time, 2 times/days. Simvastatin tablets, 10 mg/time, 1 time/day. Nitroglycerin tablets, 0.5 mg/time. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group also received addition and subtraction therapy of Taohong Siwutang combined with Chaihu Shugansan, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 8 weeks in both groups. Number of attacks, duration, degree of pain and usage of nitroglycerin were recorded for every week. Before and after treatment, electrocardiogram was also recorded. And levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), hypersensitive C-reactive protein and 5-HT were detected. In addition, scores of Seattle Angina Scale (SAQ) and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were graded. Result: In the rank sum test, the curative effect in electrocardiogram of observation group was better than that of control group (Z=1.965, PPPPα and 5-HT in observation group were lower than those in control group (PPConclusion: On the basis of conventional western medicine, addition and subtraction therapy of Taohong Siwutang combined with Chaihu Shugansan can further control angina attack, relieve clinical symptoms, improve quality of life, regulate lipid metabolism, and can inhibit expression of proinflammatory factors and 5-HT, so it can play a role in stabilizing the disease.

Emotional Labor and Burnout: A Review of the Literature

This literature review was conducted to investigate the association between emotional labor and burnout and to explore the role of personality in this relationship. The results of this review indicate that emotional labor is a job stressor that leads to burnout. Further examination of personality traits, such as self-efficacy and type A behavior pattern, is needed to understand the relationships between emotional labor and health outcomes, such as burnout, psychological distress, and depression. The results also emphasized the importance of stress management programs to reduce the adverse outcomes of emotional labor, as well as coping repertories to strengthen the personal potential suitable to organizational goals. Moreover, enhancing employees' capacities and competence and encouraging a positive personality through behavior modification are also necessary.

Influência da temperatura e umidade nas atividades de voo de operárias de Melipona eburnea (Apidae, Meliponina) / Influence of temperature and humidity in the flight activities of worker Melipona eburnea (Apidae, Meliponina) / Influencia de la temperatura y humedad en las actividades de vuelo de obreras de Melipona eburnea (Apidae, Meliponina)

As abelhas da espécie Melipona eburnea forrageiam em busca de recursos como néctar, pólen, resinas, barro e água, além de transportar o lixo para fora da colônia. A atividade de voo das abelhas pode ser influenciada pela oferta de recursos florais, condições internas do ninho, temperatura, umidade relativa, luminosidade, precipitação e velocidade do vento. No entanto, a temperatura influencia diretamente as atividades de forrageamento das abelhas. O presente estudo foi realizado em Rio Branco-Acre, em um meliponário contendo 14 colmeias de M. eburnea, distribuídas em uma área de 600m2, entre dezembro de 2015 e maio de 2016, abrangendo o período chuvoso, com altas temperaturas, e o de seca, em que ocorrem as friagens. As atividades de voo para forrageamento da espécie M. eburnea ocorreram de forma intensa, durante o dia todo, quando as temperaturas estiveram próximas de 20 °C, com variações de, no máximo, 1,9 °C e umidade relativa do ar em torno de 90%. M. eburnea inicia as atividades de forrageio nas primeiras horas da manhã, coletando néctar, água, pólen, resina e barro, com pico de coleta de pólen entre as 05h e 07h; resina e barro entre 09h e 11h e néctar/água entre as 16h e 17h30min. As atividades de voo de M. eburnea são influenciadas quando a temperatura se encontra abaixo de 20 °C ou acima de 30 °C, e a umidade relativa superior a 90%.(AU)

The bees in the Melipona eburnea species forage in search of resources such as nectar, pollen, resins, clay and water, in addition to transporting the garbage out of the colony. The flight activity of the bees can be influenced by the supply of floral resources, internal conditions of the hive, temperature, relative humidity, luminosity, precipitation and wind speed. However, temperature has a direct influence on the foraging activities of bees. This study was carried out in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, in a meliponary containing 14 M. eburnea hives distributed in a 600m2 area between December 2015 and May 2016, including the rainy season with high temperatures and the dry season, when cold chills take place. The foraging activities of the M. eburnea species occurred intensively throughout the day, when temperatures were close to 20 °C, with variations of a maximum of 1.9 °C, and air relative humidity of approximately 90%. M. eburnea initiates the foraging activities in the early hours of the morning, collecting nectar, water, pollen, resin and clay, with a peak of pollen collection between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m.; resin and clay between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m., and nectar/water between 4 p.m. and 5:30 p.m. The flight activities of M. eburnea are influenced when temperature is below 20 °C or above 30 °C, and the relative humidity is greater than 90%.(AU)

Las abejas de la especie Melipona eburnea forrajean en busca de recursos como néctar, polen, resinas, barro y agua, además de transportar la basura hacia fuera de la colonia. La actividad de vuelo de las abejas puede verse influenciada por la oferta de recursos florales, condiciones internas del nido, temperatura, humedad relativa, luminosidad, precipitación y velocidad del viento. Sin embargo, la temperatura influye directamente en las actividades de forraje de las abejas. El presente estudio ha sido realizado en Rio Branco-Acre, en un meliponario que contenía 14 colmenas de M. eburnea, distribuidas en un área de 600m2, entre diciembre de 2015 y mayo de 2016, abarcando el período lluvioso con altas temperaturas y el de sequía, en que se producen los enfriamientos. Las actividades de vuelo para forraje de la especie M. eburnea ocurrieron de forma intensa durante todo el día, cuando las temperaturas estuvieron cerca de los 20 °C, con variaciones de, como máximo, 1,9 °C y humedad relativa del aire alrededor del 90%. M. eburnea inicia las actividades de forraje en las primeras horas de la mañana, recogiendo néctar, agua, polen, resina y barro, con pico de recolección de polen entre las 05 h y 07 h; resina y barro entre las 09 h y las 11 h y néctar / agua entre las 16 h y las 17.30 h. Las actividades de vuelo de M. eburnea se influencian cuando la temperatura se encuentra por debajo de 20 °C o superior a 30 °C y la humedad relativa superior al 90%.(AU)

Research of dry eye and type A personality / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the correlation between type A behavior and dry eye.<p>METHODS: Here we used case-control study,100 dry eye patients and 100 healthy persons all completed the questionnaire of type A behavior and unified questionnaire. The results were analyzed by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis. <p>RESULTS: There was significant difference on distribution of behavior pattern between dry eye group and normal group(<i>χ</i>2=6.494,<i>P</i>=0.011). After one factor logistic regression analysis, the risk of dry eye for people with type A behavior was higher(<i>OR</i>=2.296, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.202-4.384, <i>P</i>=0.012); that for people using visual display terminal more than 6h was 2.992(95%<i>CI</i>:1.668-5.369, <i>P</i><0.01); that for people staying in air condition room was 2.631(95%<i>CI</i>: 1.472-4.702, <i>P</i>=0.001). After multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, compared with type B behavior, type A behavior pattern(<i>OR</i>=2.659,95%<i>CI</i>:1.335-5.295,<i>P</i>=0.005), people using visual display terminal more than 6h(<i>OR</i>=2.264, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.166-4.396, <i>P</i>=0.016), people staying in air condition room(<i>OR</i>=2.053, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.048～4.020, <i>P</i>=0.036)were more significantly associated with dry eye. <p>CONCLUSION: Type A behavior pattern, using visual display terminal more than 6h and staying in air condition room may be independent risk factors for dry eye.

SIMPP analysis on learning diligence level of students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Academic diligence level can not only directly affect the academic performance of students, but also affect the individual's emotional and physical health. In this study, through a question-naire survey of university students, with the method of SIMPP and the concept of the micro system engi-neering in higher education teaching reform, the related factors of diligence and the college students' behavior mode with respect to diligence are systematically analyzed. Analysis shows that, students' diligence level is affected not only by inherent factors such as clear learning objectives, learning state and after-school learning time, but also by the school ethos, the influence factors of the curriculum and parents' re-quirements.

SIMPP analysis on teacher's impact on students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The influence extent of students from teachers is related to the teaching effect , which means whether it can successfully promote the study of students and reach the expected teach-ing goal during the teaching process. To have a good teaching effect, guided by the micro-system en-gineering of teaching reform, we used SIMPP to analyze the related factors of the influence of students extent from teachers during the teaching process in TCM colleges and universities. The result shows that the influence extent from teachers is related to not only teachers themselves but students and their self-condition and family backgrounds as well. Going further in researching these factors and the related behavior patterns of influence extent of students from teachers is helpful to making the teach-ing more effective and more targeted.

The association of snack consumption, lifestyle factors, and pediatric obesity with dietary behavior patterns in male adolescents / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: Along with the adaptation of a Western dietary pattern and low physical activity, pediatric obesity is increasing in Korea, especially for boys. The aim of this study was to identify dietary behavior patterns and examine the snack consumption, dietary habit, and pediatric obesity by pattern groups. METHODS: Boys aged 15~19 years were recruited from one high school in Seoul. A questionnaire including dietary behaviors and lifestyle factors was administered and height and weight were measured. A total of 932 boys participated except boys who had missing or incomplete response (n = 30). Three dietary behavior patterns were identified by cluster analysis; 'Healthy pattern', 'Mixed pattern' and 'Unhealthy pattern'. RESULTS: Snack consumption differed according to dietary behavior patterns group. The healthy and mixed patterns showed higher frequencies of white milk and fruit consumption while the unhealthy pattern as well as the mixed patterns showed higher frequencies of sweetened snack and ice cream consumption. Food availability at home of each food differed according to pattern groups but showed a similar trend with food consumption. Regarding dietary habits, the mixed pattern showed higher proportion of taking dietary supplement and eating dessert while the unhealthy pattern showed lower proportion of eating regular meals and appropriate amount of meals. When the healthy pattern was set as a reference group, the odds ratio of pediatric obesity was 1.11 (CI 0.65-1.87) in the mixed pattern group and 1.88 (CI 1.14-3.10) in the unhealthy pattern group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, dietary behaviors including snack consumption and lifestyle factors were connected. Unbalanced diet and undesirable dietary practice are important determinants in pediatric obesity.

The correlation between the mindfulness level and the behavior characteristics of the nursing college students / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of mindfulness and the A-type behavior characteristics of the nursing college students.Methods 172 nursing college students were investigated by the scale of TABP and FFMQ.The results were analyzed.Results In the 172 nursing college students,there were 112 nursing college students belonging to type B behavior pattern,accounted for 65.1％,and 60 nursing college students belonging to type A behavior pattern,accounted for 34.9％.The correlation between the score of TABP and the observation items and describing items were positive statistically significant,and was negatively correlated with awareness items and non-judge items statistically.Conclusions The students with different behavior characteristics were different in their mindfulness level.In order to improve nursing college students' mindfulness level and their mental health,the educators should take intervention based on their behavior characteristics timely.

Alexithymia and Type “A” Behavior Pattern (TABP) in Coronary Heart Diseases: A preliminary study.

Background: The number of patients with CHD is increasing and psychosocial factors are now recognized as playing a significant and independent role in the development of CHD and its complications. Aims: The present study aimed at examining the association between alexithymia and Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) patients. Methodology: The sample consisted of 150 participants, comprising 50 in the study group (drawn from the outpatient clinical services) and 50 in the control group (from the general population) from Kashmir. Further 50 controls from the general population of Haryana were included to study alexithymia in broader context. The tools used included Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS-C) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-12.0 and various descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: The results revealed a high prevalence (40%) of alexithymia in our study group. However the association of alexithymia with CHD was not clearly indicated as the comparison of alexithymia between our study group and control group did not reveal any significant difference and paradoxically the prevalence in the control group was even higher. Further a comparison of the control group from Kashmir with that of Haryana revealed a highly significant difference. Thus, our study suggests that perpetual trauma and unending stress due to present prevailing condition in Kashmir together with the presence of some kind of mental disorders in a significant segment of Kashmiri population has rendered the whole population more vulnerable to developing alexithymia. Further, our findings did not reveal any association between Type A Behavior Pattern and CHD. Conclusion: This indicates a need for further clarification of the precise role of personality types in producing and preventing CHD.

Patrón de comportamiento tipo A, ira y enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en población urbana chilena / Type A Behavior Pattern, Anger and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Chilean Urban Population

Un aumento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) mundialmente, la existencia de un porcentaje más alto que el promedio nacional de éstas para la región de Maule (Chile), y una atención incrementada en el análisis de factores psicológicos, motivan el análisis del Patrón de Comportamiento Tipo A (PCTA) y la ira respecto de las ECV. Se trabajó con 1007 participantes de 18 a 74 años (ciudadanos de Talca, Chile), mayoritariamente mujeres, quienes respondieron un cuestionario (información socio demográfica, hábitos alimentarios y de estilo de vida), la Escala Retiro de Patrón de Conducta tipo A (ERCTAa), y el Inventario de Ira de Novaco. Se les midió peso, masa corporal, presión arterial y sangre, como factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los participantes son altamente sedentarios (79.9%), tabáquicos (53.6%), hipercolesterolémicos (44.5%), con sobrepeso (40.7%) y obesidad (32.6%), un cuarto de los cuales presenta hiperglicemia e hipertensión y con PCTA equirepartido según sexo. Es la ausencia de PCTA (ó presencia de PCTB) la que aparece asociada a factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). La ira alta se presenta más en mujeres que en hombres (2.1% vs. 0.3%; c²(3) = 27.99, p<.0001), disminuyendo para ambos sexos con la edad, pero los infartos acaecen igualmente según sexo.

A worldwide raise in the number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the existence of a higher percentage in Maule (Chile) than the national media, and increased attention in the analysis of psychological factors motivate to analyze the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) and anger in relation to CVD. The sample was 1007 adults between 18 and 74 years old (citizens of Talca, Chile), mostly women. They provided information about their demographic details, eating habits and lifestyle, answered the Novaco's Anger Inventory and the Retiro Scale of Type A Behavior (RSTAB), and also were taken measurements like weight, body mass index and blood pressure and blood tests related to risk factors to traditional cardiovascular diseases. The results show Overall, that the participants appear highly sedentary (79.9%) with relatively high levels of tabaquism (53.6%), and hypercholesterolemia (44.5%), overweight (40.7%) and obesity (32.6%). A quarter of the sample also presents hyperglycemic indexes, hypertension and TABP unequally distributed by sex. The absence of PCTA (or PCTB presence) appeared mostly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CRF). Regarding anger, women present more high than men (2.1% against 0.3%; c²(3) = 27.99, p<.0001), decreasing for both sexes with age, while also befall stroke by sex.

The Relationship between A-type Character with Different Classification of TCM and Emotional Disturbance in Coronary Artery Disease Patients / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between different behavior types with classification of TCM and emotional disturbance in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods Two hundred and forty-two CAD patients were investigated and grouped to A or B type behavior with type A behavior pattern questionnaire (TABPQ) and symptom check-list 90 (SCL-90). To analysis the emotional disturbance in two groups and investigate their relations with syndrome classification of TCM. Results SCL-90 factor score of anxiety and depression in CAD patients was obviously higher than Chinese norm. Factor score of depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid and psychotic state in A-type behavior group was obviously higher than that in B-type group, with statistical significance (P

TYPE A bEHAVIOR PATTERN AND SPORTS INJURIES / 体力科学

This study was designed to investigate the relationships between the tendencies toward Type A behavior pattern (TABP) and sports injuries. A total of 2164 (1631 males and 533 females) athletes from several colleges in Japan, volunteered for this study. They were divided into two groups ; an injury group and a non-injury group. KG's Daily Life Questionnaire was used to investigate the tendency of TABP. Our hypothesis was that Type A individuals showed higher occurrences of sports injury than Type B individuals. Most of the results in this study supported our hypothesis. To put it concretely, the injury group showed higher TABP tendency than the non-injury group. And the higher TABP score group showed higher occurrence of injury experiences than those of low score group. Therefore, there was a possibility that TABP tendency of athletes might be one of the informations to prevent sports injuries.

Effect of ill performance characteristics of type A behavior pattern in the attack and development of cerebral infarction / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To discuss the effect of ill performance characteristics of type A behavior pattern (TABP) in the attack and development of cerebral infarction(CI).Methods The 100 patients with CI and 107 control subjects without any blood disease or tumors were evaluated by applying the Chart of Typical Behaviors of TABP, meanwhile the endothelin (ET) and thrombomodulin(TM) contents in plasma of the patients were measured for the mark of the damage of blood vessel endothelium. The CI group, control groups and part of CI group with the same level of blood pressure were subgroup by the result of questionnaire, correlation analysis was made between the amounts of blood markers and ill performance characteristics of TABP. Results 40% CI patients were TABP. The amounts of ET [(89.78?2.15)ng/ml] and TM [(52.68?3.47)ng/ml]in the plasma of the CI patients with ill performance characteristics were not only obviously higher than those of the control group [ET(57.82?1.83)ng/ml];TM:[36.05?1.07)ng/ml], but also higher than that of part of CI patients without ill performance characteristics of TABP(all P

Coorperative study on the mental health issues of Japanese orphans and their Chinese family (Ⅳ):early childhood experience and later personality and behavioral characteristics / 中国心理卫生杂志

The Japanese orphans who remained in Northeastern District of China atthe end of world War Ⅱ were raised by their Chinese foster parents and grew up in Chinesesociety,but more than forty years later,they displayed even many characteristics closely relat-ed to Japanese culture.The findings of the 54 Japanese orphans investigated indicate signifi-cant relationship between early childhood experience and the development of personality andpattern of behavior in adulthood.