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A field trial was conducted at the research plot at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi Season of 2022-2023 where eight treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design (RBD) Eight treatments i.e., Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC @ 0.3ml/lit, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @0.5ml/lit ,Spinosad 45%SC@1.3 ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @0.5 ml/lit, Imidacloprid 17.80%SL @0.5ml/lit, Azadirachtin 1% EC @ 10ml/lit, NSKE 5% @ 50 ml/lit and untreated Control. The data on the percent infestation of the shoot and fruit borer on okra third, seven and fourth day after spray reveal that all the insecticides and neem products were significantly superior over control. Among all the different treatments lowest shoot and fruit infestation of okra was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole (10.21% ,9.98%) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (11.45%, 12.29%), Spinosad 45%SC (13.86%, 14.11%), Imidacloprid 17.80% SL (16.94,15.87%), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5%EC (17.83, 16.03%), Azadirachtin 1% EC (19.25%, 17.04%) and NSKE 5% (20.35%, 18.75%), control (24.84%, 25.98%). The yields among the treatment were significant. The yield and benefit cost ratio was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (195.5 q/ha) (1:9.3) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (149.2q/ha), (1:8.2), Spinosad 45 % SC (140.2q/ha), (1:8.11), Imidacloprid 17.80SL (136.3q/ha), (1:7.9), Lambda cychalothrin 2.5 EC (133.2q/ha), (1:7.6), Azadirachtin 1% (96.3q/ha) (1:5.5) and NSKE 5% (92.4q/ha) (1:5.2) as compared to, control (72.2q/ha), (1:4.2).
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During the rabi of 2022-23, Indian mustard cv. Laha 101 was used as a trap crop to manage the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on cabbage cv. K-1. The results showed that trap cropping ratios significantly lowered aphid densities compared to the sole crop (cabbage). The lowest density of aphids (4.60 aphid/plant) was recorded in cabbage under the trap cropping ratio of 3:2. On the other hand, the peak infestation (19.05 aphid/plant) occurred on the mustard of the same trap cropping ratio (3:2) when compared with other trap cropping ratios on 7th SMW (February 11th). Even though the sole crop (cabbage) had the highest aphid density (28.13 aphid/plant), it yielded 49.23 t/ha and had a benefit cost ratio of 2.07 due to two sprays of insecticide (Malathion 50 EC), which was not done in the trap cropping ratios. Thus, the trap cropping ratio of 3:2 (2.31) had the best cost benefit ratio followed by the trap cropping ratio of 1:1 (2.19), which recorded produce of 42.61 t/ha and 41.29 t/ha respectively. Overall, the use of Indian mustard cv. Laha 101 has been shown to be effective as a trap crop in managing mustard aphid on cabbage cv. K-1 during the rabi season. By using the correct trap cropping ratio, farmers can maximize their produce while minimizing the use of insecticides, which can be beneficial both economically and environmentally.
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The cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) on groundnut were conducted by ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Virinjipuram, Vellore District (Tamil Nadu) during Rabi season from 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 farmer’s field of different villages of Vellore district. The results revealed that the average higher pod (25.18 q/ha.) were recorded in CFLDs as compared to farmer’s practices (FP) average pod (16.50 q/ha). The increase in the demonstrations pod yield over FP was 48.81 %. The extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 8.68 q/ha., 1.93 q/ha. and 6.76 % respectively. The average gross return (Rs. 100920/ha.) and net return (Rs. 66677/ha.) in CFLDs were found higher than the FP gross return (Rs. 65700/ha.) and net return (Rs. 31130/ha.). The B: C ratio exhibited the same trend as in gross and net return which was found 2.95 in CFLDs and 1.90 in Farmer practice. By conducting cluster frontline demonstrations of improved variety with intervention practices of proven technologies in farmer’s field, yield and increased the doubling income with higher productivity in Groundnut.
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As the demand for chemical fertilizers has seen a steep upward trend which has resulted in damage of soil as well as human health. Integrated use of chemical fertilizers along with organic manures has been seen as a alternative method to reduce the dependence upon chemical fertilizers. Hence a the field experiment was carried out to study the effect of intergrated nutrient management practices on available nitrogen, phosphorus, potash in soil along with uptake and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsan) cv. Gajendra. The study was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments with three replications. Corms were cut into pieces weighing 800 g for planting, dipped in cow dung slurry and placed for drying. After drying, they are placed in the pits and covered with soil. The treatments comprised of three levels of Farmyard manure (FYM) (20 t ha-1), Vermicompost (5 t ha-1), consortium bio fertilizer (5 Kg ha-1) and organic manures of different combinations. The observations of soil properties were recorded before and after harvesting. From the study it was observed that soil organic content was increased significantly due to the application of organic manures along with biofertilizers, whereas soil physical and chemical properties were unaffected.
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In order to compare the costs, savings, and returns for the drill and transplanted methods of paddy cultivation, the current study, was conducted as a Research Review Committee Project in the Bhandara district of Nagpur division in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India. The method utilized was an exploratory social research design. Using the purposive population sampling technique method, a total of 72 sample paddy-growing beneficiary farmers from KVK, Sakoli Dist. Bhandara were chosen, and they were interrogated using a structured interview schedule. As a result, this study was limited to a sample of 72 paddy growers who were cultivating their paddy crops using both the transplanted and drill paddy methods. Findings of present study revealed that majority of the paddy growers were young with high education level, possessed small and marginal type of land holding with annul income in the range of Rs.75001/- to 1,50,000/-, medium level of scientific orientation,economic motivation,innovativeness respectively and favourable attitude towards to drill paddy technology. Further the findings of the study revealed that the highest gross returns received to farmers adopting were Rs. 85807.50/- and 81000.80/- per ha for transplanted and drill paddy cultivation methods respectively. The highest net returns at Cost A realized by the paddy farmers adopting drill paddy method of cultivation i.e. Rs.54738.28 per hectare. The highest benefit cost ratio (BC ratio) was released by the farmers adopting drill method of paddy cultivation at Cost A, Cost B and Cost C respectively.
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Water served as the control in nine treatments that included various TA41 properties. After the transplant, 30 and 45 days later, the therapy is administered. The plot size was kept at 2m x 1.5m, and each treatment was reproduced three times in a randomized block design. The best results were achieved with the treatment T6 (foliar spray 40ml/L plus soil drenching of TA41 @ 20ml/L). The maximum plant height (354 cm), number of primary branches (14.66 cm), number of leaves per plant (216 cm), days until first flowering (25), days until first fruit picking (53), number of fruits per plant (38), fruit yield per plant (2.1 kg), average fresh weight of fruit (82.66), yield per hectare (22.75 t/ha), TSS (4.2 Brix), and ascorbic acid per (100.66 mg/100g) are all included in the analysis. The gross return (Rs 341250/ha), net profit (Rs 251021/ha), and B:C ratio (3.78) were all significantly higher than those recorded under.
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Aim: To estimate the economics of Carnation Production under Protected cultivation, to estimate the feasibility of the protected cultivation of Carnation in the study district, and to assess the constraints faced by the farmers in scaling up the protected cultivation in the study district and to suggest suitable solutions.Study Design: An ex-post-facto study was conducted, among the carnation cultivators of Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu.Place and Duration of Study: The Nilgiris district was purposively selected for the study as it possesses the largest area under carnation flower cultivation in Tamil Nadu and the study was conducted between April 2023 and June 2023.Methodology: The present study employed a multi-stage purposive cum random sampling technique to select the district, blocks, villages, and respondents for research. The Nilgiris district was purposefully chosen for its significance in carnation flower cultivation within Tamil Nadu. Specifically, Kothagiri, Coonoor, and Uthagai blocks of the Nilgiris district were selected as focal areas for this investigation. Within each of these selected blocks, two villages were chosen, resulting in a total of six villages as study locations. To ensure representation, 30 farmers engaged in carnation cultivation were then selected, with a proportion of 5 farmers per village. The respondents were interviewed with a pre-structured questionnaire through a random approach. Furthermore, the study incorporated feasibility analysis, which included evaluating key financial metrics such as the Benefit-Cost Ratio, Net Present Worth, and Internal Rate of Return. These financial analyses were conducted to assess the economic viability and potential returns associated with carnation cultivation in the Nilgiris district.Results: The results reveal that the net return/ 4000 m2 is Rs. 16.67 lakhs. The BCR was found to be 1.40 (Financially feasible). The NPV was found to be Rs. 70.35 lakhs and the IRR was estimated to be 40.00 per cent. Major constraints encountered by the farmers include the higher cost of polyhouse material and construction, followed by the higher cost of the seedlings and the poor availability of skilled labour.Conclusion: Protected cultivation technology unlocks the potential to produce crops with high productivity and superior quality.
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In this economic evaluation of environmental epidemiological monitoring projects, we analyzed the economic feasibility of these projects by determining the social cost and benefit of these projects and conducting a cost/benefit analysis. Here, the social cost was evaluated by converting annual budgets for these research and survey projects into present values. Meanwhile, the societal benefit of these projects was evaluated by using the contingent valuation method to estimate the willingness-to-pay of residents living in or near industrial complexes. In addition, the extent to which these projects reduced negative health effects (i.e., excess disease and premature death) was evaluated through expert surveys, and the analysis was conducted to reflect the unit of economic value, based on the cost of illness and benefit transfer method. The results were then used to calculate the benefit of these projects in terms of the decrease in negative health effects. For residents living near industrial complexes, the benefit/cost ratio was 1.44 in the analysis based on resident surveys and 5.17 in the analysis based on expert surveys. Thus, whichever method was used for the economic analysis, the economic feasibility of these projects was confirmed.
Sujet(s)
Budgets , Coûts indirects de la maladie , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Surveillance épidémiologique , MéthodesRÉSUMÉ
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of two pre-emergence herbicides integrated with post emergence herbicides and one hand weeding at 40DAT and two post emergence herbicide, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after transplanting, compared with weed free and unweeded check. The predominant weed flora observed in the experimental field were Echinochloa crusgalli, Panicum repens, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus difformis, Eclipta alba and Ammania baccifera. The results revealed that pre-emergence application of Bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + Pretilachlor 6% @ 10 kg granules ha- 1+ Hand weeding at 40 DAT (5455 kg ha-1 and 6345 kg ha-1) and Bensulfuron-methyl 0.6% + Pretilachlor 6% @ 10 kg granules ha-1 + Bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i ha-1 recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (5365 and 6265kg ha-1, respectively) which remained at par with two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT (5580 and 6464 kg ha- 1). In terms of economics, highest net returns (Rs. 33,189 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.40) were also high with the preemergence application of Bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ Pretilachlor 6% @ 10 kg granules ha-1+ Bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 at 20DAT (1.40) compared to that of two hand weedingds (Rs. 31,952 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.17) .
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OBJECTIVES: Although Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems provide various benefits, there are both advantages and disadvantages regarding its cost-effectiveness. This study analyzed the economic effects of EMR systems using a cost-benefit analysis based on the differential costs of managerial accounting. METHODS: Samsung Medical Center (SMC) is a general hospital in Korea that developed an EMR system for outpatients from 2006 to 2008. This study measured the total costs and benefits during an 8-year period after EMR adoption. The costs include the system costs of building the EMR and the costs incurred in smoothing its adoption. The benefits included cost reductions after its adoption and additional revenues from both remodeling of paper-chart storage areas and medical transcriptionists' contribution. The measured amounts were discounted by SMC's expected interest rate to calculate the net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and discounted payback period (DPP). RESULTS: During the analysis period, the cumulative NPV and the BCR were US$3,617 thousand and 1.23, respectively. The DPP was about 6.18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Although the adoption of an EMR resulted in overall growth in administrative costs, it is cost-effective since the cumulative NPV was positive. The positive NPV was attributed to both cost reductions and additional revenues. EMR adoption is not so attractive to management in that the DPP is longer than 5 years at 6.18 and the BCR is near 1 at 1.23. However, an EMR is a worthwhile investment, seeing that this study did not include any qualitative benefits and that the paper-chart system was cost-centric.
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Humains , Adoption , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Dossiers médicaux électroniques , Électronique , Électrons , Hôpitaux généraux , Investissements , Corée , Patients en consultation externe , Soins de santé tertiairesRÉSUMÉ
Objective To find out the benefit and cost of color ultrasonic devices in our hospital after the drop of large equipment examine fee.Methods Data of benefit and cost on 7 color ultrasonic devices in using are collected and analyzed by using Benefit Cost Ratio(BCR) method.Results The higher valuable the equipments are,the more fixed cost they have with lower BCR.Conclusion Buying cheaper equipment is the only way to increase the pure benefit under the precondition of normal diagnosis by devices.
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Environmental pressures from such sources an economic condition, the government and inter-institutional competition create managerial challenges. Economic pressures may be forcing dietetic dept, in hospital to utilize cost, benefit analysis to assist them in their problem solving. Cost, benefit analysis have been widely used in business, industry and many other fields with only limited application to foodservice. Due to the lack or this information the purposes of this study were to identify use of cost, benefit analysis in hospital foodservice system to evaluate the economic efficiency of alternatives, and to make recommendation for operation system change. Using the cost?benefit method, cash flows are separated into cost and benefits. For an alternative to be selected, indicators, such as NPV, benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) with 5% discount rate per annum. The sensitivity analysis was also conducted with difference rate 3%, 7% respectively and reduced employee payroll change. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The total cost of investment for operation system change was 390,570 thousand won and the total benefit through operation system change was 865,808 thousand won. 2. Net present value(NPV) for 5 years was 475,239 thousand won and benefit-cost ratio was 2.22. 3. In sensitivity analysis with different discount rate 3%, 7%, benefit-cost ratio was 2.25, 2.18 respectively, with total reduced employee payroll change, benefit-cost ratio was 2.86. In conclusion, total benefits were exceeded total costs. Therefore, the project of operation system change in hospital foodservice was found to be economically efficient.
Sujet(s)
Commerce , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Investissements , Résolution de problèmeRÉSUMÉ
Although occupational low back pain accounts for 20~40% of all occupational illness and injury, there are limited numbers of studies regarding the effectiveness of back school program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic benefit of back school program for early return to work of occupational low back pain patients in the current occupational injury compensation and management system. The cost-benefit analysis in this study was conducted to evaluate the relative magnitude of benefit to cost. The total cost was estimated by calculating the value of components in back school program according to governmental budget protocol. The back school program was consisted of three major approaches, pain center, work-hardening program and functional restoration program and each of components had various facilities and experts. The total amount of cost was estimated as 250,866,220 won per year. The most promising type of back school program were quite intensive (a 3 to 5-week stay in a specialized center), therefore, if we adopted the 5-week stay course, 10 courses could be held in a year. Following to the medical act, 20 patients per doctor could participate in a each course, ie, total 200 patients in a year. As a result, we could estimate the cost of 1,254,331 won a patient. we estimated the benefit by using data of a few local labor offices about average medical treatment beneficiary and off-duty beneficiary of 46 occupational low back pain patients in 1994. Ullman and Larsson(1977) mentioned that the group of chronic low back pain patients who participated in back school program needed less time to recover by 48.4% of beneficiary duration. And in the trying to estimate the benefit, we asked 10 rehabilitation board certificate doctors about reduction proportion of treatment cost by introducing back school program. The answered reduction proportions were in the range of 30~45%, average 39%. As a final result, we could see that the introduction of back school program in treatment of chronic occupational low back pain patients could produce the benefit to cost ratio as 3.90 and 6.28. And we could conclude that the introduction of back school program was beneficial to current occupational injury compensation and management system.
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Humains , Budgets , Indemnités compensatoires , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Coûts des soins de santé , Lombalgie , Blessures professionnelles , Centres antidouleur , Réadaptation , Reprise du travailRÉSUMÉ
Objective: To evaluate economic benefits of military medical measurement. Methods: According to the record of the metrological verification from the measurement station in Nanjing military region from 2000 to 2004, database is set up by Excel 2003 and the economic benefits from 14 kinds of measuring standard are analyzed. Results In a 5-year-lifetime cycle, the NPV of 10 kinds of measuring standards were over 0, 4 kinds less than 0, the average pay back period was 4.43year, and total benefit cost ratio was 2.73. Conclusion Economic benefits have been gained obviously in the investment of military medical measurement.
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Objective To evaluate economic benefits of maintenance for medical equipment.Methods According to the maintenance tour records taken by Institute of Drug and Instrument Control in 2007,economic benefits of 21 kinds of normal medical maintenance were analyzed by using the database of Excel 2003.Result The total benefit cost ratio was 2.73.Conclusion Investment in maintenance for medical equipment has great economic effect.