Virus de Epstein-Barr: más que una mononucleosis infecciosa / Epstein-Barr virus: more than infectious mononucleosis

El virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB) fue el primer virus asociado a neoplasias en humanos. Infecta el 95 % de la población mundial, y aunque usualmente es asintomático, puede causar mononucleosis infecciosa y se relaciona con más de 200.000 casos de neoplasias al año. De igual forma, se asocia con esclerosis múltiple y otras enfermedades autoinmunes. A pesar de ser catalogado como un virus oncogénico, solo un pequeño porcentaje de los individuos infectados desarrollan neoplasias asociadas a VEB. Su persistencia involucra la capacidad de alternar entre una serie de programas de latencia, y de reactivarse cuando tiene la necesidad de colonizar nuevas células B de memoria, con el fin de sostener una infección de por vida y poder transmitirse a nuevos hospederos. En esta revisión se presentan las generalidades del VEB, además de su asociación con varios tipos de neoplasias, como son el carcinoma nasofaríngeo, el carcinoma gástrico, el linfoma de Hodgkin y el linfoma de Burkitt, y la esclerosis múltiple. Adicionalmente, se describen los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de las diferentes entidades, algunos de ellos no completamente dilucidados

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first virus associated with human cancer. It infects 95% of the world's population, and although it is usually asymptomatic, it causes infectious mononucleosis. It is related to more than 200,000 cases of cancer per year, and is also associated with multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Despite being classified as an oncogenic virus, only a small percentage of infected individuals develop EBV-associated cancer. Its persistence involves the ability to alternate between a series of latency programs, and the ability to reactivate itself when it needs to colonize new memory B cells, in order to sustain a lifelong infection and be able to transmit to new hosts. In this review, the general characteristics of EBV are presented, in addition to its association with various types of cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma, and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the different entities are described, some of them not completely elucidated yet

The Effect of Famotidine on Lowering Gastric Acidity in Gastric Carcinoma Patients / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: To identify the gastric pH of gastric carcinoma patients after more than 8 hours of fasting and ascertain the antisecretory effects of H2-receptor antagonists, the gastric volume and pH of 41 gastric carcinoma patients was checked immediately after the induction of inhalational general anesthesia (endotracheal intubation). METHODS: The patients were divided randomly into two groups: the control received IV normal saline as a placebo and the famotidine group received IV famotidine as a premedicant 1 to 2 hours before the induction of anesthesia. Immediately after the induction of anesthesia, the gastric contents were aspirated blindly with a 60 ml syringe. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the percentage of patients 'at risk' between the two groups in relation to their pH and volumes. RESULTS: The percentage of patients 'at risk' (volume > 0.4 ml/kg and pH < 2.5) of acid aspiration pneumonitis in the control and famotidine groups was 8.7% and 5.6%, respectively, which was 30 77% lower than for patients with no premedication, as observed in other studies. In the present study, the difference in percentage of patients 'at risk' between the two groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The gastric carcinoma patients exhibited a higher gastric pH when fasting and a lower risk of acid aspiration pneumonitis relative to their gastric contents. The effect of famotidine on lowering gastric acidity and volume in gastric carcinoma patients was rather weak. Accordingly, the routine use of H2-receptor antagonists to decrease gastric secretion in gastric carcinoma patients should be reevaluated.

Analysis of Clinical Features of 141 Senile Gastric carcinoma Cases / 昆明医科大学学报

In this paper,the authors reviewed 141 cases of senile gastric carcinoma,with 23 cases followed up.The clinical features,and the relationship between the longth of the course and the resection rate of the tumor have been analysed retrospectively.The results show that gas- tric carcinoma in the aged pepole has a characteristic of a longer history and higher resectable possibility,it is mainly from the canceration of gastric ulcer,well differentiated and low metastatic,and has a favourable prognosis and longer survival.Important suggestions to im- prove its resection rate and survival rate include making a follow-up gastroscopy for the aged pepole with a longer history of gastric diseases or peptic ulcers.For the aged patients who are over 50 with a long history of gastric ulcer or chronic intractable atrophic gastritis,it is rec- ommended to employ the surgery of gastrectomy and the R_Ⅱ mode of operation is of choice, and chemotherapy should be followed.

Intestinal Metaplasia Subtypes in Relation to the Development of Gastric Carcinoma / 第三军医大学学报

The relationship between the intestinal metaplasia subtypes and the development of gastric carcinoma (GC) was. investigated with mucohistochemical staining on 576 biopsy specimens taken from patientswith intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 85 specimens taken from gastrointestinal mucosa of normal adults and fetus,IM was classified into 3 types, complete (type Ⅰ) and 2 classes of incomplete (types Ⅱ & Ⅲ) depending on the absence or presence of sulphomucin within the mucin secreting columnar cells. Type III IM was significantly more common in patients with GC and in those with dysplasia than in patients with benign gastric pa,tholgy(P

STUDY OF GASTRIC EMPTYING IN PATIENTS WITH ATROPHIC GASTRITIS AND CARCINOMA OF STOMACH / 解放军医学杂志

By using 99m Tc-resin meal method, we measured the gastric emptying time (GET) in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric carcinoma(GCa). Change in gastric movement in CAG and GCa patients was discussed in this report. The results of present study showed that, GET 1/2 in control group (n = 36) was 37.3?16.0 min; mild CAG (n = 21) 35.0?10.5min. In moderate and severe CAG group (n = 13), GET was 68.3?35.3 min before pentagastrin treatment, and 37.1?6.5 min after pentagastrin treatment. In gastric autrum carcinoma (n = 8) it was 80.9?47.9 min, and in cardiac carcinoma (n = 3) 26.9?7.2min. Significant differentiation existed between moderate or severe CAG and gastric autrum carcinoma groups. Labelled meal v-photography was a physiological examination. Anatomic foundation of prolonged GET 1/2 in moderate and severe CAG was possibly related with atrophy of gastric muscles. Prolonged GET 1/2 could be a promoting factor of development of grastric carcinoma. In order to prevent the development of gastric carcinoma, great attention should be given to those patients with moderate to severe CAG.

A HISTOGENETIC STUDY OF CARCINOMA OF THE GASTRIC CARDIA / 解放军医学杂志

This paper presents 231 cases of carcinoma in the region of the gastric cardia.In 96 of the cases-gastrectomy specimens were obtained,and for the remaining cases biopsy specimens were taken through gastroscopy.The study of cancerous cells in their developing stages in the tissues taken from the neighborhood of the tumours revealed that there were 4 types of histogenesis of gastric-cardia carcinoma:1.cancerous degeneration of cells at the glandular necks in the gastric foveolae;2.cancerous degeneration of a single cell or a few cells of the glandular epithelium;3.dysplasia of the epithelium with-malignant change;4.intestinal metaplasia of the epithelium with cancerous change.It is suggested that dysplasia of the epithelium and intestinal metaplasia of the epithelium accompanied by dysplasia are significant precancerous changes.