Mecanismos compensatorios a nivel sistémico en pacientes con tronco arterial persistente / Systemic Compensatory Mechanisms in Patients with Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Resumen Introducción: El tronco arterial persistente es una rara malformación cardíaca congénita que provoca diversas complicaciones en el sistema cardiovascular. Se caracteriza por la presencia de un tabique ventricular defectuoso, una única válvula troncal y un tronco arterial común entre la arteria pulmonar y aorta, conllevando a una mezcla entre la sangre arterial y venosa, debido a un cortocircuito cardíaco bidireccional predominante de izquierda a derecha que compromete el suministro de flujo sanguíneo, nutrientes y oxigenación sistémica. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen desaturación con cianosis, hipoxemia, taquicardia, taquipnea, alteraciones en la contractilidad cardíaca, pulsos distales anómalos, pérdida de peso, fatiga y hepatomegalia. Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación es establecer hipótesis sobre los diversos mecanismos compensatorios que se activan a nivel sistémico para contrarrestar los efectos de esta malformación. Reflexión: Se sugiere que se producen respuestas biomoleculares similares en los sistemas cardiovascular, pulmonar y renal, reduciendo la producción de óxido nítrico y provocando respuestas vasoconstrictoras. A nivel hepático, se generan factores de crecimiento y se inician procesos de angiogénesis para aumentar la perfusión sanguínea. En el cerebro, se activan enzimas para incrementar el flujo sanguíneo y proporcionar oxígeno y nutrientes esenciales. Conclusión: A pesar de estos mecanismos compensatorios, no logran contrarrestar por completo las manifestaciones clínicas, conduciendo a una serie de problemas de salud, como hipertensión pulmonar, insuficiencia cardíaca, hepatomegalia, hipoperfusión de órganos y déficits neurológicos. Estos factores convergen para generar una compleja condición cardíaca que desencadena respuestas adaptativas en el cuerpo que terminan siendo una afección médica desafiante y potencialmente grave.

Abstract Introduction: Persistent truncus arteriosus is a rare congenital cardiac malformation that causes various complications in the cardiovascular system. It is characterized by the presence of a defective ventricular septum, a single truncal valve and a common truncus arteriosus between the pulmonary artery and aorta, leading to a mixture between arterial and venous blood, due to a predominantly left-to-right bidirectional cardiac shunt that compromises the supply of blood flow, nutrients, and systemic oxygenation. Clinical manifestations include desaturation with cyanosis, hypoxemia, tachycardia, tachypnea, alterations in cardiac contractility, abnormal distal pulses, weight loss, fatigue, and hepatomegaly. Aim: The purpose of this research is to establish hypotheses about the various compensatory mechanisms that are activated at a systemic level to counteract the effects of this malformation. Reflection: It is suggested that similar biomolecular responses occur in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems, reducing nitric oxide production and causing vasoconstrictive responses. At the liver level, growth factors are generated and angiogenesis processes are initiated to increase blood perfusion. In the brain, enzymes are activated to increase blood flow and provide oxygen and essential nutrients. Conclusion: Despite these compensatory mechanisms, they fail to completely counteract the clinical manifestations, leading to a series of health problems such as pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, hepatomegaly, organ hypoperfusion, and neurological deficits. These factors converge to generate a complex cardiac condition that triggers adaptive responses in the body that end up being a challenging and potentially serious medical condition.

Instrumento "basic ressucitation skills self- efficacy scale" na avaliação de habilidades clínicas em saúde / Instrument "basic resuscitation skills self- efficacy scale" in the assessment of clinical health skills / Instrumento "basic resuscitation skills self- efficacy scale" en la evaluación de habilidades clínicas de la salud

Objetivo: Mensurar habilidades de atendimento à parada cardiorrespiratória e manuseio do desfibrilador externo automático por enfermeiros residentes, através do "Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale". Métodos: Estudo coorte transversal, censitário, quantitativo e analítico, desenvolvido com 13 profissionais enfermeiros residentes de um hospital universitário mineiro. Coleta de dados individual em cada setor de trabalho, ao início ou final dos turnos, sendo localizados conforme lista disponibilizada pela secretaria da instituição ofertante. Resultados: Idade média de participantes igual a 26,38 ± 2,81, com predominância do sexo feminino (86,4%) com curso específico em parada cardiorrespiratória (69,2%) e relato de ter presenciado parada cardiorrespiratória em contexto real (84,6%). No que tange a realização de manobras de reanimação, 61,5% nunca realizaram, e 92,3% nunca manipularam o desfibrilador externo automático. Correlação de Spearman entre "Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale" e escala de autoeficácia geral com correlação positiva, de magnitude forte (r =0,685) e significante (p= 0,010). Conclusão: O instrumento em questão é de rápida aplicação e demonstrou capacidade de mensurar as competências de reanimação, bem como a autoeficácia do indivíduo. Estudo inédito ao avaliar as habilidades de residentes em enfermagem na atuação na parada cardiorrespiratória, utilizando tal instrumento recentemente validado para uso na população brasileira. (AU)

Objective: Measuring a sure cardiorespiratory arrest skills and handling of the automatic external defibrillator by resident nurses, through the "Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale." Methods: A Cross-sectional study, census, quantitative and analytical cohort study developed with 13 resident nurse professionals from a university hospital in Minas Gerais. Individual data collection in each sector of work at the beginning or end of the shifts, being located according to the list provided by the secretariat of the offering institution. Results: Being the average age of participants equal to 26.38 ± 2.81, with predominance of females (86.4%) with specific course in cardiorespiratory arrest (69.2%) and report of having witnessed cardiorespiratory arrest in real context (84.6%). Regarding the performance of resuscitation maneuvers, 61.5% never performed, and 92.3% never manipulated the automatic external defibrillator. Spearman's correlation between "Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale" and general self-efficacy pops with positive correlation, of strong magnitude (r =0.685) and significant (p= 0.010). Conclusion: The instrument in question is of quick application and demonstrated the ability to measure resuscitation skills, as well as the self-efficacy of the individual. This study was unprecedented when evaluating the skills of nursing residents in the performance in cardiorespiratory arrest, using this recently validated instrument for use in the Brazilian population. (AU)

Objetivo: Medir las habilidades de parada cardiorrespiratoria y el manejo del desfibrilador externo automático por parte de las enfermeras residentes, a través de la "Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale.". Metodos: Estudio de cohorte transversal, censal, cuantitativo y analítico desarrollado con 13 enfermeras profesionales residentes de un hospital universitario de las Minas Gerales. La recopilación de datos individuales en cada sector de trabajo, al comienzo o al final de los turnos se encuentra en la lista de conforme que la secretaría de la institución oferente pone a disposición. Resultados: La edad promedia de los participantes igual a 26,38 ± 2,81, con predominio de mujeres (86,4%) con curso específico en parada cardiorrespiratoria (69,2%) e informe de haber presenciado parada cardiorrespiratoria en contexto real (84,6%). En cuanto a la realización de maniobras de reanimación, el 61,5% nunca realizó, y el 92,3% nunca manipuló el desfibrilador externo automático. La correlación de Spearman entre la "Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale" y la autoeficacia general aparece con una correlación positiva, de fuerte magnitud (r = 0,685) y significativa (p = 0,010). Conclusión: El instrumento en cuestión es de aplicación rápida y demostró la capacidad de medir las habilidades de reanimación, así como la autoeficacia del individuo. Este estudio no tuvo precedentes al evaluar las habilidades de los residentes de enfermería en el desempeño en el paro cardiorrespiratorio, utilizando este instrumento recientemente validado para su uso en la población brasileña. (AU)

Adjuvant-induced arthritis promotes vascular hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine through a nitric oxide-related mechanism

Arthritis has important cardiovascular repercussions. Phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction is impaired in rat aortas in the early phase of the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), around the 15th day post-induction. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the effects of AIA on hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine in rat aortas. AIA was induced by intradermal injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3.8 mg/dL) in the right hind paw of male Wistar rats (n=27). Functional experiments in isolated aortas were carried out 15 days after AIA induction. Morphometric and stereological analyses of the aortas were also performed 36 days after the induction of AIA. AIA did not promote structural modifications in the aortas at any of the time points studied. AIA reduced phenylephrine-induced contraction in endothelium-intact aortas, but not in endothelium-denuded aortas. However, AIA did not change KCl-induced contraction in either endothelium-intact or denuded aortas. L-NAME (non-selective NOS inhibitor), 1400W (selective iNOS inhibitor), and ODQ (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) reversed AIA-induced hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine in intact aortas. 7-NI (selective nNOS inhibitor) increased the contraction induced by phenylephrine in aortas from AIA rats. In summary, the hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine induced by AIA was endothelium-dependent and mediated by iNOS-derived NO through activation of the NO-guanylyl cyclase pathway.

Research progress on the association between biorhythm disorders and cardiovascular metabolic risk in adolescents and possible mechanisms / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Adolescence is a unique transitional period from childhood to adulthood, during which behavioral habits and physiological cycles undergo significant changes, and biorhythms are vulnerable to be disrupted. Meanwhile, due to increased rates of overweight and obesity, cardiovascular metabolic risk significantly increases during adolescence. The article reviews the prevalence, correlation, and potential epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of biorhythm disorders and adolescent cardiovascular metabolic health, providing a theoretical basis for regulating biorhythm to promote adolescent cardiovascular metabolic health.

Progress on effect of CypA/CD147 in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular system disease infected by SARS-CoV-2 / 解放军医学杂志

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has been effectively controlled,but its related complications still cannot be ignored,especially the cardiovascular circulatory system is the active site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)is a type Ⅰ transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in heart,kidney and testis.Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells by binding to the cell surface receptor ACE2.However,there are still many deficiencies in the clinical application of vaccines and drugs developed based on this target.As a molecular chaperone,cyclophilin A(CypA)promotes protein folding and T cell activation.CD147 is one of the most widely studied CypA receptors,and the interaction of CypA/CD147 plays an important role in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells.However,there are few reports on the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the cardiovascular system through the CypA/CD147 signaling pathway.Based on this,this article summarizes the previous research evidence and the research basis of the research group,and reviews the structure and function of CypA/CD147,the role of CypA/CD147 in cardiovascular disease,and the cardiovascular disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 targeting CypA/CD147 signal pathway,in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19 complicated with cardiovascular system diseases.

Constructing predictive modelling for the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events in postoperative patients of symptomatic arteriosclerosis obliterans / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To construct a predictive model for the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) after surgery in patients with symptomatic arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO) .Methods:From Jan 2018 to Dec 2021, 957 patients with symptomatic ASO admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were selected and divided into MACE and non-MACE groups according to whether they had a post-op MACE. A risk prediction model was constructed based on a stepwise regression method with multi-factor COX regression analysis. The model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration curve to assess the model fit, and the Bootstrap method for internal validation.Results:MACE occurred in 143 patients (14.94%). After COX regression analysis, BMI, creatinine clearance, fibrinogen, rivaroxaban and previous history of surgery were enrolled into model constructing. The ROC curve assessed the model with a C-statistic of 0.690 (95% CI: 0.644-0.736), sensitivity and specificity of 49.2% and 80.7% respectively, a Jorden index of 0.299 and an optimal cut-off value of 0.086. Calibration curves showing agreement between predicted and actual observed values. Internally validated C-statistic of 0.689 (95% CI: 0.672-0.700). The population was divided into high and low risk groups based on the best cut-off value and analysed for survival. The difference between the two groups was statistically different. Conclusion:The risk prediction model for the occurrence of MACE based on clinical parameters is simple and convenient, with good predictability and good discriminatory ability, and can provide reference for the assessment and treatment of MACE in ASO patients.

Association of different sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic risk in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the association of different sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic risk among college students, so as to provide reference for health promotion of college students.@*Methods@#By random cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey and physical examination including blood pressure, waist circumference and blood lipid indicators, which were conducted in April and May of 2019 among a total of 1 179 college students from the first grade in two universities in Hefei City of Anhui Province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province. A total of 729 college students with valid questionnaires were included into analysis. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to investigate sleep behavior, and the Morning And Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) was used to investigate sleep characteristics. The cardiometabolic risk score was derived using the sum of the standardized sex specific Z scores of waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, HDL cholesterol (multiplied by -1), triglycerides, and insulin resistance index. The rank sum tests were used to compare differences in cardiometabolic risk scores across demographic characteristics. Generalized linear models were used to compare the association of different sleep characteristics with cardiometabolic risk scores among college students.@*Results@#The average cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students was -0.32(-2.03, 1.58). There were statistically significant differences in cardiovascular metabolic risk scores among college students in variables such as smoking, health status, and physical activity levels ( t/F=-3.41, 12.88, 51.07, P <0.01). The results of the generalized linear model showed that nighttime preference ( B=1.89, 95%CI =1.02-3.49), insomnia symptoms ( B=3.25, 95%CI =1.79-5.90), and short or long sleep duration ( B=1.92, 95%CI =1.21-3.05) were positively correlated with the cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Poor sleep patterns among college students are positively correlated with the risk of cardiovascular metabolism. The sleep behavior of college students should be actively changed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular health status in Chinese school aged children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The American Heart Association released the Life s Essential 8 (LE 8) for the overall evaluation of cardiovascular health (CVH) on individual level. The present study aimed to describe the overall CVH in Chinese school aged children using LE 8 metrics.@*Methods@#Data of the present analysis came from a national representative multicentered cross sectional study conducted in 7 provinces of China in 2013. The original study used a multistage cluster sampling method. A total of 10 326 children aged 5 to 19 years with complete data of health behaviors and health outcomes were included in the study. Children s health behavior indicators included diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure and sleep health. Health outcome factors included body mass index, fast blood glucose, lipid profile and blood pressure.@*Results@#The median CVH score was 73.3 ( IQR =14.4) in boys and 73.4 ( IQR = 13.5) in girls. Compared to children aged ≤9 years, the health behavior scores were lowest in the 13-15 age group, with boys scoring 7.73 lower (95% CI =-8.35--7.12, P <0.01) and girls scoring 9.15 (95% CI =-9.83--8.48, P <0.01) lower. The ≥16 age group had the lowest health outcome scores, with boys scoring 7.85 (95% CI =-9.07--6.63, P <0.01) lower and girls scoring 6.11 (95% CI =-7.12--5.09, P <0.01) lower.@*Conclusions@#Chinese school aged children are generally at a moderate level of cardiovascular health. Specific LE 8 components vary substantially between groups and therefore require targeted intervention strategies.

Sex differences in cardiovascular health among children aged 6-8 years in Beijing City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore sex difference in the cardiovascular health (CVH) status of 6-8 year old children in Beijing, so as to inform the early intervention of CVH related lifestyles.@*Methods@#Based on the Beijing Children s Growth and Health Cohort (PROC), baseline physical examination, sequential questionnaire survey, and laboratory tests were conducted among 1 914 grade 1 students. Children s CVH and its subscales (health behaviors and health factors) scores were calculated according to the Life s Essential 8 (LE 8) index and categorized into high, moderate, and low CVH. CVH scores were reported as medians and interquartile ranges; sex differences were compared using the Chi square test and Wilcoxon test.@*Results@#Among the 1 914 participants, the percentages of high, moderate, and low CVH were 35.7%, 63.5%, and 0.8%, respectively, and the percentages of high, moderate, and low health behavior scores were 25.9%, 67.5%, and 6.6%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between sex ( χ 2=2.30, 0.07, P >0.05). The rates of high, moderate, and low health factor scores for boys and girls were 61.1%, 36.0%, 2.9% and 71.1%, 28.4%, 0.5%, respectively, with a statistically significant sex difference ( χ 2=31.88, P < 0.01). The overall CVH score was 76.0(70.0, 83.0), 76.0(69.0, 82.0) for boys, and 77.0(71.0, 83.0) for girls. Among the health behavior metrics, sleep scores were the best and physical activity scores were the worst[100.0(90.0,100.0), 40.0(20.0, 80.0 )]; among the health factor metrics, blood glucose scores were the best and lipid scores were the worst[100.0(100.0,100.0), 60.0(40.0,100.0)]. In respect to health factors, there were significant gender differences in body mass index, blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood pressure scores ( Z =-6.92, 3.01, -6.60, -2.30, <0.05), but there were no significant gender differences in diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, or sleep scores with regards to health behaviors ( Z =0.99, 0.88, -0.13, 0.36, P > 0.05 ). Compared to boys, girls in the low and moderate CVH groups had high health factor scores despite low health behavior scores.@*Conclusion@#Most 6 to 8-year-old children in Beijing were found to have relatively good CVH, and optimization of children s CVH status can be achieved by promoting healthier lifestyles and monitoring health factors, especially among boys.

Onset time distribution and influential factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction with different body mass index levels / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the onset time distribution and influential factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction (ACI) with different body mass index (BMI) levels.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect clinical data from 1 000 patients with AMI who received treatment at Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital from January 2016 to November 2022. The patients were divided into groups based on different BMI levels: < 18.5 kg/m 2 group ( n = 49), 18.5-24 kg/m 2 group ( n = 369), > 24-28 kg/m 2 group ( n = 338), and > 28 kg/m 2 group ( n = 244). The incidence of AMI was analyzed among patients with different BMI levels as per diurnal variation, seasonality, and weekday. Results:A total of 1 000 patients were included in this study, including 648 men and 352 women. The mean age of these patients was 65 years (range 56-74 years). The median body mass was 70 kg (range 60-76 kg), the median height was 1.69 m (range 1.60-1.72 m), and the median BMI was 24.49 kg/m 2 (range 22.22-26.79 kg/m 2). The onset time of AMI differed significantly among patients with different BMI levels in terms of the period from 0:00 to 5:59, winter, and Wednesday ( P = 0.047, 0.029, 0.005). Among all samples, the number of patients with a BMI of 18.5-24 kg/m 2 was the highest, reaching 369 cases. Conclusion:The incidence of AMI in patients with different BMI levels exhibits a regular distribution as per diurnal variation, seasonality, and weekday.

Clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for long-term systemic complications in kidney transplant recipients in China / 器官移植

In order to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of long-term systemic complications in kidney transplant recipients, Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association initiated the formulation of “Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Long-term Systemic Complications in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China”. Experts on organ transplantation were organized to summarize and integrate the latest progress in this field based on existing clinical guidelines, systematic evaluations, case studies, expert consensus. The guideline was formed after multiple rounds of discussion and reaching a consensus which included complications of hematological system, central nervous system，cardiovascular system, ocular, cutaneous and osteoporosis disorders. The full text focuses on 27 clinical problems and forms 40 recommendations, mainly involving the risk factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various complications. This guideline graded the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation for each clinical issue using 2009 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Grading and Strength of Recommendation criteria, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of late complications, comprehensively improve the management capacity of clinicians to benefit kidney transplant recipients.

Chronotropic incompetence is associated with reduced aerobic conditioning and sedentary behavior in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

ABSTRACT Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, or long COVID, presents with persistent symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, and fatigue, extending beyond one month after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiac complications such as chest pain and arrhythmias have raised concerns, with chronotropic incompetence (CI), an inadequate heart rate increase during exercise, emerging as a significant condition contributing to diminished exercise tolerance and quality of life. This study estimated the prevalence of CI and explored its association with aerobic capacity and physical activity levels in long COVID patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a private hospital in Sergipe, Brazil, involving 93 patients over 18 years old with persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Exclusion criteria included beta-blocker use, inadequate respiratory exchange ratio, and inability to complete cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Clinical histories, CPET results, and chronotropic index calculation were used to identify CI, with logistic regression analyzing associated factors. Of the participants (mean age 45 years; average duration since COVID-19 diagnosis 120 days), 20.4% were diagnosed with CI. Logistic regression identified a strong association between CI and sedentary behavior (OR 11.80; 95% CI 2.54 to 54.78; p=0.001). Patients with CI showed lower predicted peak heart rates and maximal oxygen uptake. The prevalence of CI among long COVID patients in this study was approximately 20%, associated with decreased aerobic capacity and increased sedentary behavior. These findings highlight the need for timely diagnosis and therapeutic interventions, including cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, to enhance the quality of life in post-COVID patients with CI. The study's cross-sectional design and its specific context have limited causality inference and generalizability, underscoring the importance of further research in diverse settings.

A systematic review to investigate whether birth weight affects the autonomic nervous system in adulthood / Uma revisão sistemática para investigar se o peso ao nascer afeta o sistema nervoso autônomo na vida adulta

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship between birth weight and the autonomic nervous system in adulthood through a systematic review. Data source: This is a systematic review of publications without limitation of year and language. We included studies involving the autonomic nervous system and birth weight in adults. Manuscripts were selected based on electronic searches of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science Cochrane Library and Scopus databases, using "Autonomic Nervous System" OR "Heart Rate" OR "Heart Rate Variability" AND "Birth Weight" as a search strategy. This review is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020165622). Data synthesis: We found 894 articles; 215 were excluded for duplicity. Of the remaining 679 studies, 11 remained. Two were excluded because they did not specifically treat the autonomic nervous system or birth weight. There were nine publications, two cohort and seven cross-sectional studies. The main findings were that extreme, very low, low or high birth weight may have some impact on the autonomic nervous system in adult life. Conclusions: Birth weight outside the normality rate may have a negative influence on the autonomic nervous system, causing autonomic dysfunction and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adult life. Thus, the importance of the follow-up of health professionals from pregnancy to gestation and throughout life, with preventive care being emphasized.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o peso ao nascer e o sistema nervoso autônomo na vida adulta por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Fontes de dados: Esta é uma revisão sistemática de publicações, sem limitação de ano e idioma. Incluímos estudos envolvendo o sistema nervoso autônomo e peso ao nascer em adultos. Os manuscritos foram selecionados das bases de dados eletrônicos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science Cochrane Library e Scopus, utilizando "Autonomic Nervous System" OR "Heart Rate" OR "Heart Rate Variability" AND "Birth Weight" como estratégia de busca. Esta revisão está registrada pelo International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020165622). Síntese dos dados: Nós encontramos 894 artigos. Deles, 215 foram excluídos por duplicidade. Entre os 679 remanescentes, 11 permaneceram, dos quais dois foram excluídos por não tratarem especificamente do sistema nervoso autônomo ou do peso ao nascer. Restaram nove publicações, sendo duas longitudinais e sete transversais. Os principais achados foram que o peso extremo baixo, muito baixo, baixo ou alto ao nascer pode ter algum impacto no sistema nervoso autônomo na vida adulta. Conclusões: O peso ao nascer fora da normalidade pode influenciar negativamente o sistema nervoso autônomo, causando disfunção autonômica e aumentando o risco de doenças cardiovasculares na vida adulta. Assim, ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento dos profissionais de saúde desde a gravidez até a gestação, pré-natal e ao longo da vida, com cuidados preventivos para esta situação.

Cardiorespiratory optimal point in post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT The varied clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection have raised concerns about long-term consequences, especially "long-COVID" or "post-COVID-19 syndrome." In this context, the cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP) within the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) emerges as a crucial metric for evaluating functional capacities and detecting cardiovascular and pulmonary anomalies post-COVID-19. This study aimed to assess COP values among post-COVID-19 patients and categorized them based on the initial severity of their disease. In this cross-sectional study conducted in the Northeast Brazil, 80 patients (26 females and 54 males) previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 underwent CPET. We clinically stratified patients into mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 categories and assessed COP values and other cardiorespiratory metrics. We found differences in the predicted COP between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 (p=0.042). Additionally, patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 record had an average COP value exceeding 22. Other parameters, including respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, and oxygen uptake efficiency slope, did not differ across the groups. Patients with a history of severe COVID-19 showed altered COP values, suggesting potential discrepancies in cardiovascular and respiratory system integration. The outcomes emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and assessment of the cardiorespiratory domain for post-COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between elevated COP in post-severe COVID-19 and its long-term prognostic implications.

Cardiovascular changes during the six-minute walk test in COPD patients / Alterações cardiovasculares durante o teste de caminhada de seis minutos em pacientes com DPOC

Abstract Introduction Specialised literature demonstrates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has patho-physiological changes that impair cardiac autonomic function and the ability of the cardiovascular system to respond to stimuli. Objective To analyze the correlation between heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), functional and pulmonary capacity in patients with COPD during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) before and after the pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). Methods This is a descriptive and retrospective study, with collection carried out in the PRP database of a university in Vale dos Sinos, Brazil. Results: The sample consisted of 216 patients, classified as having severe COPD, with a predominance of males (57.4%), with a mean age of 65.4 ± 7.9 years. The results showed that at the pre-PRP moment, the HR at the end of the test showed a strong negative correlation (p < 0.01) with SpO2 obtained at the end of the test, and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). At the post-PRP moment, the HR at the end of the test was strongly negatively cor-related with SpO2 and FEV1 positively, weakly (p < 0.05) with the sensation of dyspnea at the end of the test, and strongly with the distance covered in the 6MWT (6MWD). Conclusion The correlations between HR, FEV1, 6MWD, dyspnea and SpO2 were confirmed, making it evident that as the variables change, HR changes occur to meet the metabolic, oxygenation and ventilatory demands.

Resumo Introdução A literatura evidencia que a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) possui características fisiopatológicas que prejudicam a função autonômica cardíaca e a capacidade do sistema cardiovascular em responder aos estímulos. Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre a frequência cardíaca (FC), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) e capacidade funcional e pulmonar em pacientes com DPOC durante o teste de caminhada seis minutos (TC6), antes e após programa de reabilitação pulmonar (PRP). Métodos Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, com coleta realizada no banco de dados do PRP de uma universidade do Vale dos Sinos. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 216 pacientes com DPOC grave, com média de idade de 65,4 ± 7,9 anos e predominância do sexo masculino (57,4%). Os resultados evidenciaram que no momento pré-PRP, a FC ao final do teste apresentou correlação negativa forte (p < 0,01) com a SpO2 obtida ao final do teste e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1). No momento pós-PRP, a FC ao final do teste se correlacionou negativamente de maneira forte com a SpO2 e VEF1, positivamente de forma fraca (p < 0,05) com a sensação de dispneia pós-teste e forte com a distância percorrida no TC6 (DTC6). Conclusão As correlações entre FC, VEF1, DTC6, dispneia e SpO2 foram confirmadas, ficando evidente que à medida que ocorrem alterações das variáveis, acontecem modificações na FC para suprir a demanda metabólica, ventilatória e de oxigenação.

The effects of trastuzumab therapy on endothelial functions of breast cancer patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is among the highest causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Trastuzumab therapy, which is known to be significantly cardiotoxic, is mainly used to treat patients with resistant breast cancer, including estrogen receptor-positive type. We aimed to show the effects of trastuzumab therapy on endothelial functions of breast cancer patients. METHODS: In this study, a total of 26 participants (24 female and 2 male patients, minimum age: 38 years, maximum age: 79 years, and mean age 57.3±12.7 years) were enrolled in the study. For the statistical evaluation of data, we classified the participants of the study as follows: Pretreatment: Before trastuzumab therapy; Treatment Period 1: 1 month after the first dose of trastuzumab; Treatment Period 2: 4 months after the first dose of trastuzumab; Treatment Period 3: 12 months after the first dose of trastuzumab. We conducted repeated-measures analysis of variance (Greenhouse-Geisser) and paired-sample t-tests to statistically compare the groups using flow-mediated dilation measurements. RESULTS: We determined that there are statistically significant differences between flow-mediated hyperemia and ratio values (flow-mediated dilation) of the groups (p<0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that trastuzumab therapy could have negative effects on endothelial functions in breast cancer patients.

A pandemia do coronavírus: o isolamento social × a morbimortalidade do aparelho circulatório / The coronavirus pandemic: social isolation × the morbidity and mortality of the circulatory system / La pandemia del coronavirus: aislamiento social × morbimortalidad del sistema circulatorio

O processo de isolamento social causou muitas polêmicas e provocou impactos na vida das pessoas, principalmente no início da pandemia da covid-19, despertando, em grande parte da população brasileira, o medo de frequentar ambientes hospitalares mesmo em situações de emergência, como em caso de doenças do aparelho circulatório. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar os impactos do isolamento social durante a pandemia da covid-19 no número de internações, assim como na mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, que considerou como unidade de análise o estado de Goiás, com dados coletados a partir do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus) entre março e dezembro de 2019, bem como de março a dezembro de 2020. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística e apresentados de forma descritiva por meio de tabelas. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que o isolamento provocado pela pandemia trouxe impactos relacionados à morbimortalidade do aparelho cardiovascular. Nesse sentido, precisamente, houve queda nas internações no período de isolamento, e as internações eletivas foram as de maior declínio. Ademais, em relação à mortalidade por doença do aparelho circulatório no período analisado de 2020, foram registradas 142 mortes a menos que no mesmo período do ano anterior, com predomínio no sexo masculino. Por fim, foi possível perceber que agosto de 2020 foi o mês em que coincidiu o pico de mortalidade por covid-19 com a maior queda nas internações por doenças do aparelho circulatório.

The process of social isolation caused many controversies and impacted people's lives, especially at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, arousing in a large part of the Brazilian population the fear of going to hospital environments, even in emergency situations, as in the case of diseases of the circulatory system. This study aimed to characterize the impacts of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of hospitalizations and on mortality from diseases of the circulatory system. This is a quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive study that considered the state of Goiás as its unit of analysis and used data collected from the Brazilian Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) from March to December 2019 and from March to December 2020. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and are shown descriptively in tables. As a result, we could that the isolation due to the pandemic brought impacts related to morbidity and mortality of the cardiovascular system and decreased the number of hospitalizations in the isolation period (of which elective hospitalizations decreased the most). Moreover, regarding mortality from circulatory system diseases in the analyzed period (2020), 142 fewer deaths were recorded than in the same period in the previous year, showing a predominance of men. Finally, we found that August 2020 was the month that coincided with the peak of mortality from COVID-19 and the greatest drop in hospitalizations for diseases of the circulatory system.

El proceso de aislamiento social causó mucha controversia e impactó la vida de las personas, especialmente al inicio de la pandemia de la covid-19, despertando en gran parte de la población brasileña el temor a acudir a ambientes hospitalarios, incluso en situaciones de emergencia, como en el caso de las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar los impactos del aislamiento social durante la pandemia de la covid-19 sobre el número de hospitalizaciones, así como sobre la mortalidad por enfermedades del sistema circulatorio. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, que consideró el estado de Goiás (Brasil) como unidad de análisis, con datos recolectados del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS) entre marzo y diciembre de 2019, y de marzo a diciembre de 2020. Los datos se sometieron a análisis estadístico y se presentaron de forma descriptiva en tablas. Como resultado se pudo identificar que el aislamiento ocasionado por la pandemia trajo impactos relacionados con la morbimortalidad del sistema cardiovascular. En ese sentido precisamente hubo una disminución de las hospitalizaciones durante el período de aislamiento y las hospitalizaciones electivas tuvieron la mayor caída. Además, con relación a la mortalidad por enfermedad del aparato circulatorio en el periodo analizado de 2020 se registraron 142 defunciones menos que en el mismo periodo del año anterior, con predominio del sexo masculino. Por último, agosto de 2020 fue el mes que coincidió con el pico de mortalidad por la covid-19 con la mayor caída de hospitalizaciones por enfermedades del sistema circulatorio.

Frequent Cardiovascular Manifestations Associated With SARS Cov-2 Infection: Experience at a Tertiary Hospital In Cali, Colombia

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly affects the respiratory system, while the most common extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 is cardiovascular involvement. Objective: To identify the frequency of electrocardiographic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including patients aged >18 years with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in a high-complexity hospital in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, from March to September 2020. A descriptive analysis with an analytical component and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed; all estimates were established with a 95% confidence level (CI) and a 5% significance level. Results: This study included 183 individuals; of whom 160 were considered for electrocardiographic analysis, 63% of which evidenced significant findings, the most frequent being sinus tachycardia (29.4%). The frequency of myocardial injury was 21.9% and was more common among non-survivors than among survivors (41.7% vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001). Myocardial injury was also significantly more common in patients who presented electrocardiographic findings than those who did not (26.5% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.032) and in those who required intensive care admission (31.8% vs 10.5%, p < 0.001). The strongest mortality-associated factor was the need for mechanical ventilation — odds ratio (OR), 9.14; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-24.5. Conclusions: Electrocardiographic findings in patients with COVID 19 are frequent, including newly diagnosed arrhythmias, justifying the use of cost-effective tools for the initial approach and follow-up of this affected population. Worse outcomes depend on factors such as invasive mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, age, and superinfection.

Comparison of electrocardiogram diagnostic criteria in diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy using 3D echocardiography as standard

Background: The echocardiogram (ECHO) has a better diagnostic performance for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than the electrocardiogram (ECG), but ECG is most widely used diagnostic method. We aimed to assess the correlation between ECG based diagnosis of LVH with echocardiography-based diagnosis of LVH as standard. Methods: Patients with evidence of LVH using echocardiographic criteria were included in the study. Patients were subjected to four electrocardiographic criteria to assess the LVH: 1. Sokolow-Lyon criteria; 2. Romhilt and Estes scoring system; 3. Cornell voltage criteria; and 4. Gubner voltage criteria. After assessing the results of ECG and echocardiography diagnostic validity tests (by calculating specificity and sensitivity), the Kappa measure of agreement was performed. Results: In maximum patients (52.8%) LVH was detected by using ECG LVH Sokolow Lyon criteria, followed by Cornell voltage CR criteria that detected LVH in 38.9% cases. Sokolow Lyon ECG criteria showed high sensitivity while Romhilt and Estes criteria showed maximum 98% specificity in diagnosing LVH. Sokolow Lyon’s ECG criteria was highly sensitive in assessing all co-morbidities, except CKD where it was diagnosed better by using Cornell voltage criteria. Conclusions: In cases of diagnosing LVH in patients with co-morbidities, ECG LVH Sokolow Lyon CR was found to be the most sensitive criteria except CKD where it was diagnosed better by using Cornell voltage criteria. For assessing the patients for LVH, the role of ECG with all the commonly used criteria is of limited value and ECHO should be the method of choice.