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Objective To investigate the principle of scrap iron processing by Terminalia chebula by comparation of the content changes of the Fe2+ in scrap iron and the organic acid in ingredients of T. chebula before and after processing. Methods Scrap iron was processed by two methods of decocting and immersion, respectively. Spectrophotometric method and HPLC were used to analyze the contents of Fe2+ and organic acid before and after processing. Results The content of Fe2+ increased from 0.000 3% to 3.07% and 1.02% after processed by the above two methods, respectively. The content of organic acid decreased significantly after processing (1.67% to 1.24% and 1.51% for gallic acid, 2.23% to 0% for corilagin, 9.33% to 0% for chebulagic acid, 1.18% to 0% for ellagic acid, 24.70% to 0% for chebulinic acid). Conclusion The Fe3+ in crude scrap iron can be reduced into Fe2+ absorbed easily by human in scrap iron processing by T. chebula. Organic acids in the processed products can prevent Fe2+ from being oxidized to Fe3+, thereby prolonging the retention period.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of seven tannins in Chebulae Fructus, including gallic acid, chebulic acid, corilagin, ethyl gallate, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-O-pentagalloylglucose and determine the contents of the seven tannins in Chebulae Fructus Retz from different areas. METHODS: The HPLC analysis was carried out on an Hypersil ODS2 C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with acetonitrile (A) and 0.05% formic acid solution in water (B) as mobile phase in a linear gradient elution mode. The UV detection wavelength was set at 290 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. RESULTS: The calibration curves of the seven tannins all showed good linearity (r>0.999 8). The recovery rates were in the range of 95.2% to 98.4%. All the seven tannins could be detected in the two kinds of Chebulae Fructus Retz from eight regions, but the amounts of these tannins varied significantly. The contents of the seven tannins active ingredients in Chebulae Fructus of Terminalia chebula Retz from Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Xinjiang were much higher than those from other areas, while those in Chebulae Fructus of Terminalia chebula Retz. var. tomentella Kurt were higher in Guangdong and Guangxi than other areas. CONCLUSION: The method is proved to be accurate and valid, and can be used for the quality control of Terminalia chebula Retz.
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This study was aimed to optimize the extraction method for total polyphenol from Phyllanthus emblica through multi-target orthogonal experiment,in order to provide data reference for its industrial production.The comprehensive evaluation indexes included the extraction yield,extraction percentage of total polyphenol,chebulagic acid,gallic acid,mucic acid-2-O-gallate,were verified.The ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio and extraction time were crucial indexes for orthogonal design.The results showed that the best extraction process was using 10 times dosage 70％ ethanol,to extract the medical material three time,90 minutes for every time.It was concluded that the extraction technology was reliable.This method was stable,quick and simple.It laid a fundamental foundation for the extraction method exploration.
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Terminalia chebula Retz, known as the "king" of Mongolian and Tibetan medicines, is a drug for a wide range of diseases. The main chemical components of myrobalan include triterpene acid, galloyl glucose, anthraquinonoid. The modern pharmacological studies show that myrobalan has multiple biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation as well as anti-tumor. Based on domestic and foreign literatures in recent years, this paper gave a review on the advance of studies for pharmacological activity of T. chebula. and its active components, so as to provide a reference for the in-depth studies on the pharmacological action of myrobalan, and the further development and utilization of myrobalan.
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Herpes simplex is a viral disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2.Several broad spectrum drugs are available but most of the strains developed resistance against it. To overcome this problem, we are suggesting a new combination drug for the treatment of herpes simplex. The main aim of the hypothesis is to formulate a topical drug and an intravenously administered drug against herpes simplex virus. Chebulagic acid and Punicalagin inhibit HSV-1 entry at non-cytotoxic doses in A549 human lung cells. sodium is important to curb the proliferation and cell to cell spread of herpes simplex virus. TA205, an antitalin monoclonal antibody can be microinjected in human fibroblasts. It causes allosteric inhibition on integrin binding to the talin protein FERM domain. Sodium lauryl sulphate is a surfactant which enhances intra epidermal drug delivery without increasing transdermal delivery. Amphipathic DNA polymers work against HIV binding and entry. Candidate topical microbicides are efficient against viral entry and cell to cell spread by binding HSV glycoprotein B. Thus, a combination of the above mentioned drugs can be used to prevent HSV binding, cell to cell spread and infection.
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Autophagy is a series of catabolic process mediating the bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles through formation of a double-membrane vesicle, known as an autophagosome, and fusing with lysosome. Autophagy plays an important role of death-survival decisions in neuronal cells, which may influence to several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Chebulagic acid, the major constituent of Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica, is a benzopyran tannin compound with various kinds of beneficial effects. This study was performed to investigate the autophagy enhancing effect of chebulagic acid on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. We determined the effect of chebulagic acid on expression levels of autophagosome marker proteins such as, DOR/TP53INP2, Golgi-associated ATPase Enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE 16) and Light chain 3 II (LC3 II), as well as those of its upstream pathway proteins, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin-1. All of those proteins were modulated by chebulagic acid treatment in a way of enhancing the autophagy. Additionally in our study, chebulagic acid also showed a protective effect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) - induced cytotoxicity which mimics the pathological symptom of Parkinson's disease. This effect seems partially mediated by enhanced autophagy which increased the degradation of aggregated or misfolded proteins from cells. This study suggests that chebulagic acid is an attractive candidate as an autophagy-enhancing agent and therefore, it may provide a promising strategy to prevent or cure the diseases caused by accumulation of abnormal proteins including Parkinson's disease.