Etmoiditis complicada con celulitis orbitaria en un lactante / Complicated ethmoiditis with orbital cellulitis in a nursling

Se define la etmoiditis como la inflamación e infección de la mucosa de las celdas etmoidales. Se diagnostica clínicamente con la presencia de edema en el ángulo medial del ojo, que se extiende a las estructuras adyacentes. Estudios imagenológicos son necesarios para verificar la presencia de complicaciones, entre las que se citan el absceso orbitario, subperióstico, epidural, subdural, cerebral, tromboflebitis del seno cavernoso, meningoencefalitis y la muerte del paciente. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Haemophilus influenzae son microorganismos frecuentemente responsables de este cuadro. Las complicaciones orbitarias en las etmoiditis, necesitan el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz para evitar secuelas irreversibles. Se presenta el caso de un lactante masculino, de 1 mes y 26 días de nacido, que ingresa con fiebre, rinorrea serosa y rechazo al alimento. Evolutivamente se constata marcada obstrucción nasal, edema periorbitario izquierdo, rubor, calor, protrusión del globo ocular e irritabilidad, y se diagnostica etmoiditis complicada con celulitis orbitaria. Se realiza tomografía axial computarizada que informa seno etmoidal izquierdo ocupado por contenido de densidad líquida con celularidad (15-25 UH), engrosamiento de partes blandas de la pared interna de la órbita que abomba, comprime y desplaza la musculatura orbitaria, y se extiende al párpado y al ala izquierda de la nariz desviando tabique blando; así como ligera proptosis, y disminución de la densidad ósea de la pared interna de la cavidad orbitaria. Se toma muestra para cultivo y se aísla Staphylococcus aureus meticillin resistente. Se comentan los elementos diagnósticos y su tratamiento, con el objetivo de llamar la atención de los pediatras para lograr el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.

Ethmoiditis is the inflammation and infection of the ethmoidal cell mucus. It is clinically diagnosed after observing edema in the medial angle of the eye extending into the adjacent structures. Imaging studies are required to verify complications such as orbital, subperiostic, epidural, subdural, cerebral abscess; thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus, meningoencephalitis and finally death of the patient. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae are frequently responsible for this health picture. The orbital complications seen in ethmoiditis require early diagnosis and treatment to avoid irreversible sequelae. This is the case of a male nursling aged one month and 26 days, who was admitted to the hospital with fever, rhinorrea serosa and rejection to feeding. As his condition progresses, it was observed that he presented with marked nasal obstruction, left periorbital edema, blushing, heat, eyeball protusion and irritability. He was finally diagnosed as complicated ethmoiditis with orbital cellulitis case. Computer axial tomography revealed left ethmoidal sinus filled with fluid content having cellularity rate of 15-25 UH, thickening of soft parts of the internal wall of the orbit that juts out, compresses and shifts the orbital musculature and extends into the eyebrow and to the left wing of the nose, thus deviating the soft septum in addition to slight proptosis and reduction of the bone density of the internal wall of the orbital cavity. A sample was taken for culturing, which resulted in isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The diagnostic elements and the treatment of this disease were explained in order to call the pediatricians´attention to timely diagnose and treat these patients.

Absceso cerebral como complicación de sinusitis maxilar / Brain abscess as a complication of maxillary sinusitis

El absceso cerebral es una infección infrecuente en el niño, pero puede ser muy grave con riesgo para la vida aun con los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos disponibles. Su presentación clínica varía en dependencia de la localización, y el diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de presunción, ya que puede presentarse como complicación de procesos infecciosos frecuentes en la infancia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 5 años de edad, con un absceso cerebral frontal, secundario a sinusitis maxilar. Se describen las manifestaciones clínicas, resultados de exámenes complementarios y tratamiento.

Brain abscess is an uncommon infection in the child, but it may represent a very serious life-threatening risk even if many diagnostic and therapeutic advances are available. Its clinical presentation depends on location and the diagnosis requires a lot of presumption since it may also appear as a complication of frequent infectious processes in the childhood. This is the case of 5 years-old girl suffering frontal brain abscess secondary to maxillary sinusitis. The clinical manifestations, the results of supplementary tests and of the treatment were described.

Cementless Press-Fit and Fibrous or Bony Ingrowth "Asian Total Hip Prosthesis" Design Using Computed Axial Tomography and Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided

The purpose of this study was to design intramedullary femoral stems that will optimally distribute the stresses to the bone. It was postulated that an ideal distribution of stresses would occur if the femoral stem had the same shape as the canal. However, because of the curved nature of the canal it was not possible to insert a canal replica. To make insertion possible, certain areas on the stem must be removed. Cross-section of the femoral canal at 5 and 10mm intervals, were non-destructively obtained by computer assisted tomography and each outline was stored on computer disk. Close-fit stem shapes were generated by computer aided design. These close-fit hip stem designs significantly improved total and priority region stem-canal contact. Further investigation employing both theoretical analysis and laboratory experimentation will examine the strength of these stems and theirs stress distribution to the femur.