The Practice of Cross-Cultural Medical Services in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China / 中国医学伦理学

This paper collected and sorted out the cross-cultural medical practice in the top 20 US hospitals in 2019-2020 through web surveys, and summarized the concepts, featured projects and models of cross-cultural medical services in American hospitals. Generally, hospitals in the US advocate the service concept of "patient-centered", provide full-process services before, during and after the treatment, involving appointments, accommodation, transportation, language translation, medical process management, etc., and attach great importance to the role of culture factors in medical treatment and cross-cultural medical education and training for employees. On this basis, it is proposed that Chinese medical institutions should focus on the following aspects in the development of foreign-related medical services: conform to international medical service concepts and standards, improve the cross-cultural medical competence of medical staff and other groups, explore cross-cultural medical service models with localized characteristics, and build the international image of the hospital with the construction of international environment.

Application of new concepts of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery in the treat-ment of gastrointestinal tumors / 中国肿瘤临床

Gastrointestinal tumors are a serious and threatening public health concern.Endoscopic minimally invasive treatment is an im-portant way to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.Here,we summarize the history and current status of en-doscopic minimally invasive resection of early-stage gastrointestinal tumors,and explain the application of the new ERBEC concepts of endo-scopic minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors,which include elements,reservation-resection,bilateral-bene-fit,expansion,and collaboration.We also discuss the future direction of endoscopic minimally invasive resection for gastrointestinal tumors.

Desafios teórico-metodológicos na pesquisa em imagem corporal / Theoretical-methodological challenges in body image research / Défis théoriques et méthodologiques dans la recherche sur l'image corporelle / Desafíos teórico-metodológicos en la investigación de la imagen corporal

Imagem corporal é um conceito plural e probabilístico que vem sendo investigado a partir de diversas perspectivas em uma literatura interdisciplinar. Este estudo defende que o histórico plural de definições e avaliações da imagem corporal contribuiu para a emergência de uma literatura científica sólida sobre o tema, com as divergências de definição não tendo impedido o desenvolvimento do diálogo sobre os métodos e modelos conceituais de investigação. Ademais, este texto aponta possíveis direcionamentos de integração da literatura de imagem corporal, tendo como base modelos teóricos de representação corporal e o avanço tecnológico na área. Uma das possibilidades para o avanço das pesquisas em imagem corporal envolve a especificação do conceito em diferentes níveis de evidência e/ou consciência relacionados à satisfação, percepção e atenção para corpos

Body image is a plural and probabilistic concept that has been investigated from different perspectives in an interdisciplinary literature. This study argues that the plural history of body image definitions and assessments contributed to the emergence of a solid scientific literature on the topic, without divergent definitions preventing the dialogue concerning methods and conceptual models of research. Additionally, it points out possible paths for integrating body image literature based on theoretical models of body representation and technological advances in the area. One possible path for advancing body image research involves specifying the concept at different levels of evidence and/or awareness related to satisfaction, perception and attention toward bodies

L'image corporelle est un concept pluriel et probabiliste qui a été étudié sous différentes perspectives dans une littérature interdisciplinaire. Cette étude soutient que l'histoire plurielle des définitions et des évaluations de l'image corporelle a contribué à l'émergence d'une solide littérature scientifique sur le sujet, sans que des définitions divergentes n'empêchent le dialogue concernant les méthodes et les modèles conceptuels de la recherche. En outre, elle indique des voies possibles pour l'intégration de la littérature sur l'image corporelle, fondée sur des modèles théoriques de représentation du corps et des avancées technologiques dans ce domaine. L'une des voies possibles pour faire progresser la recherche sur l'image corporelle consiste à spécifier le concept à différents niveaux de preuve et/ou de conscience liés à la satisfaction, à la perception et à l'attention á l'égard des corps

La imagen corporal es un concepto plural y probabilístico que ha sido investigado por diversas perspectivas en una literatura interdisciplinaria. Este estudio sostiene que la historia plural de definiciones y evaluación de la imagen corporal fue positiva para el surgimiento de una literatura científica sólida sobre el tema, y las divergencias de definición no impidieron el desarrollo de un diálogo sobre métodos y modelos conceptuales de investigación. Este estudio señala posibles direcciones para integrar la literatura sobre imagen corporal, con base en modelos teóricos de representación corporal y avances tecnológicos en el área. Una de las posibilidades para avanzar en la investigación de la imagen corporal pasa por especificar el concepto en diferentes niveles de evidencia y/o autoconciencia relacionados con la satisfacción, la percepción y la atención a los cuerpos.

Research progress of the diagnosis and treatment of anterior shoulder instability / 中国修复重建外科杂志

The shoulder joint is the most prone to dislocation in the whole body, and more than 95% of them are anterior dislocation. Improper treatment after the initial dislocation is easy to lead to recurrent anterior dislocation or anterior shoulder instability, and the outcomes following conservative treatment is poor. Anterior shoulder instability can damage the soft tissue structure and bone structure that maintain the stability of shoulder joint, among which bone structure is the most important factor affecting the stability of shoulder joint. Diagnosis should be combined with medical history, physical examination, and auxiliary examination. Currently, three-dimensional CT is the most commonly used auxiliary examination means. However, various bone defect measurement and preoperative evaluation methods based on three-dimensional CT and the glenoid track theory have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is still a lack of gold standard. Currently, the mainstream treatment methods mainly include Bankart procedure, coracoid process transposition, glenoid reconstruction with free bone graft, Bankart combined with Remplissage procedure, and subscapular tendon binding tamponade, etc. Each of these procedures has its own advantages and disadvantages. For the diagnosis and treatment of anterior shoulder instability, there are still too many unknown, further research and exploration need to be studied.

Survey on awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among front-line workers in the automotive manufacturing industry / 中国职业医学

Objective To investigate the awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. Methods A total of 1 188 front-line workers from 47 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of the workers was investigated using the Personal Questionnaire for National Survey of Occupational Health Literacy for Key Populations. Results The median (25th and 75th percentiles) awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects was 56.00% (44.00%, 64.00%). The awareness was higher among male workers than female workers (P<0.05). The awareness was higher among married workers than workers with other marital status (P<0.05). The awareness of workers with an education level of middle school or below was lower than those in the senior high school and junior college group and bachelor's degree or above group (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in the group with personal monthly income <5 000 was lower than that in the other two income groups with personal monthly income ≥5 000 (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in medium and large enterprises was higher than that of workers in small and micro enterprises (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in foreign-funded enterprises was higher than that in private enterprises and other enterprises (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers with job tenure >5-10 and >10 years was higher than that in workers with job tenure of 1-≤5 years (P<0.05). The awareness for the 25 items of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects ranged from 6.14% to 96.72%, with an average awareness of 54.46% for the 25 items. Conclusion The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in automobile manufacturing industry is not high in general, and it is influenced by gender, marriage status, education level, personal monthly income, enterprise nature and scale, and job tenure.

School and language performance in children born with low birth weight

Abstract Objectives To identify the impact of birth weight on the development of metalinguistic skills and performance in reading, writing, and arithmetic in students aged 6 to 10 years, enrolled from the 1st to the 4th grade of Elementary School in public schools of the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Methods The concurrent cohort included 315 students. Birth weight was the exposure variable, and the outcomes were performance in receptive and expressive language, oral metalinguistic skills, and performance in writing, arithmetic, and reading. The tools employed were the Test of Language Competence (TLC) and the School Performance Test (SPT). Students were grouped into quartiles by birth weight for data analysis (P1: < 2170 g, P2: from 2171 g to 2450 g, P3: from 2451 g to 3150 g, and P4: > 3150 g). Results The authors observed a tendency for the lower performance of the two groups with lower birth weights in listening comprehension and oral expression. The lower-weight group tended to perform poorly compared to the other groups vis-à-vis reading. In the global result of the SPT, worse performance was observed in the students in the first quartile compared to the others (p= 0.019). The multivariate analysis revealed no association between birth weight and results in the tests applied after adjusting for maternal schooling. Conclusions Birth weight can interfere with oral and written language development. However, the determination of these processes occurs in the face of complex interaction that includes sociodemographic factors, especially family support and maternal schooling.

CIRCUITS, WAVES, AND PIPES-A BIOPHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE FOR IMPARTING CONCEPTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY TO UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS

Imparting concepts in ?ow dynamics of cardiovascular and respiratory physiology can be intimidating to the beginners in medical schools. We have tried to simplify the approach in effective transfer of these concepts using biophysical concepts and principles pertaining to functioning of these systems which help in easy understanding of the two vital systems in human body. Beginners in medical education ?nd it easy to relate to these concepts.

Sports improve the indexes cardiovascular physiological effects / Esportes levando à melhoria dos índices de efeitos fisiológicos cardiovasculares / Deportes llevando a la mejoría de los índices de efectos fisiológicos cardiovasculares

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular function is one of the main factors affecting health. The influence of different exercise intensities on cardiovascular function needs further research. Objective: To study the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Method: The article conducted a follow-up survey of 1,564 older adults. Elders who practice sports and those who do not went through the hemodynamic index test, which analyzed the relevant effects of physical exercise on their cardiovascular function. Results: Older adults who exercise regularly show good adaptability to exercise. Conclusion: Physical exercise can promote the function of the cardiovascular system. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A função cardiovascular é um dos principais fatores que afetam a saúde. A influência da atividade física com diferentes intensidades na função cardiovascular precisa ser pesquisada mais a fundo. Objetivo: Estudar a relação entre atividade física e enfermidades cardiovasculares em idosos. Método: Este artigo realizou um questionário de acompanhamento com 1.564 idosos. Os idosos que praticam atividades físicas e aqueles que não o fazem passaram por testes de índices hemodinâmicos, que analisaram quais foram os efeitos relevantes da atividade física sobre sua função cardiovascular. Resultados: Idosos que praticam atividades físicas regularmente demonstraram boa adaptabilidade à atividade física. Conclusão: A atividade física pode ser benéfica para o funcionamento do sistema cardiovascular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação do resultado de tratamentos.

RESUMEN Introducción: La función cardiovascular es uno de los principales factores que afectan a la salud. La influencia de la actividad física con diferentes intensidades en la función cardiovascular necesita ser investigada más a fondo. Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre actividad física y enfermedades cardiovasculares en ancianos. Método: Este artículo realizó un cuestionario de acompañamiento con 1.564 ancianos. Los ancianos que practicaban actividades físicas y aquellos que no lo hacen pasaron por pruebas de índices hemodinámicos, que analizaron cuáles fueron los efectos relevantes de la actividad física sobre su función cardiovascular. Resultados: Ancianos que practican actividades físicas regularmente demostraron buena adaptabilidad a la actividad física. Conclusión: La actividad física puede ser benéfica para el funcionamiento del sistema cardiovascular. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación del resultado de tratamientos.

Automated Framework and Visualization-based Analysis of Concept Evolution of Spleen and Stomach Diseases and Syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo collect and screen records concerning the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） using an automated framework and to systematically explore the concept evolution of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes using the visualization method. MethodA total of 1 224 kinds of ancient book data in the Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database （V2.1） were analyzed using the automated testing tool Selenium WebDriver with the Python 3.8 programming language and the etree library of Lxml for automatic collection and statistics of the "book title" "author" "classification" "dynasty" "completion time"， and "informative abstract". After being checked and collated， the collected data were visually analyzed with Tableau （V2020.1.3） for figuring out the concept evolution of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in the past dynasties from the perspectives of symptoms and signs， etiology and pathogenesis， principle-method-recipe-medicinal， and prognosis. ResultA total of 7 203 clauses were automatically collected from 989 ancient books. It was found that in the pre-Qin period， there were few ancient books related to the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes， and the understandings were confined to the superficial symptoms or signs and the basic etiology and pathogenesis. From the Han to Sui and Tang dynasties， the related concepts gradually increased and the descriptions about the manifestations are more detailed than those in previous dynasties. The etiology， diagnosis， and treatment system of the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes were further perfected. In the Song， Jin， and Yuan dynasties， such concepts as independent signs，symptoms， as well as nature and location of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes were enriched. In the Ming and Qing dynasties， a TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment system for spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes was formed， and the related concepts were gradually simplified and unified. ConclusionThe concepts of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes have undergone an evolution from simplicity to complexity and then back to simplicity. There are numerous ancient books discussing the concepts of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes， exhibiting a fluctuating yet rising trend with time. The automated framework enables the construction of a lightweight database of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes. Based on data visualization， the concept evolution of the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes from ancient times to the present has been efficiently uncovered， which is conducive to tracing the origin and development of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in TCM. This has provided reference for related research of spleen and stomach diseases in modern Chinese medicine.

The Practice of Cross-Cultural Medical Services in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China / 中国医学伦理学

This paper collected and sorted out the cross-cultural medical practice in the top 20 US hospitals in 2019-2020 through web surveys, and summarized the concepts, featured projects and models of cross-cultural medical services in American hospitals. Generally, hospitals in the US advocate the service concept of "patient-centered", provide full-process services before, during and after the treatment, involving appointments, accommodation, transportation, language translation, medical process management, etc., and attach great importance to the role of culture factors in medical treatment and cross-cultural medical education and training for employees. On this basis, it is proposed that Chinese medical institutions should focus on the following aspects in the development of foreign-related medical services: conform to international medical service concepts and standards, improve the cross-cultural medical competence of medical staff and other groups, explore cross-cultural medical service models with localized characteristics, and build the international image of the hospital with the construction of international environment.