Résumé
Preliminary research and partial satellite carrying experiment were firstly carried out,so as to research the technique of environmental control and life support system(ECLSS)of Chinese manned spacecraft.Environmental control and life support sub-system of "Shenzhou" spacecraft were developed subsequently,and the technique of physical/chemical regenerative ECLSS and controlled ecological life support system(CELSS)were also researched gradually.This paper introduced the research and development of ECLSS of Chinese manned spacecraft,and discussed the technical character of ECLSS.
Résumé
Objective To select suitable vegetable for use in Controlled Ecological Life Support System for future long-term space missions. Method Five crops of lettuce(four Lactuca sativa L. var.crispa L.and one Lactuca sativa L. var.longifolia Lam), two crops of spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.), one rape(B.napus L.)and one common sowthisthe (Sonchus Oleraceus L.)were grown in a Controlled Ecological Life Support Technique Experimental System. Hydroponic nutrient solution, light, temperature and relative humidity were regulated, CO_2 levels were controlled at 500, 1 000, 1500 and 2 000 ?mol/mol, and light intensity were controlled at 100, 300, 500 and 700 ?mol/(m2?s). Canopy photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and leaf aera were measured on day after planted (DAP) 25 and 30. Plants were harvested at maturity, and analyzed for total fresh weigh and proximate composition (crude fiber,nitrite and ?-carotene). Result Three crops of lettuce “nenlvnaiyou”, “dasusheng”,“youmaicai” ,and one common sowthisthe were selected. The favorite CO_2 concentration and light intensity 2 000 ?mol/mol, and 700 ?mol/(m2?s) respectively.Conclusion The four crops selected have high productivity, photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates, which can be considered as the basis of the vegetables to be used for future long-term space missions.
Résumé
Objective To develop a prototype of low pressure plant-cultivating facility, for studying the growing technique of higher plants under low pressure in manned deep space exploration, so as to lay foundations for establishing controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) in low pressure environment. Methods According to detailed demonstration of technical plan, blueprint design and machining of components, facility installment, debugging, trial operations and verification experiments were carried out. Results Two sets of low pressure plant-cultivating facilities were manufactured, both of them could be used to cultivate higher plant under low or normal pressure. They worked stably and their technical parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 partial pressure, CO2 partial pressure and water content of matrix were all monitored and controlled effectively. Conclusion Their main technical indexes meet design and experimental requirements, low pressure plant-cultivating experiments can be carried out with the facilities effectively.