Résumé
AIM:To investigate the changes of visual development produced by monocular atropinization in rats. METHODS: Twenty normal SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group ( n = 10 ) and atropinization ( experimental) group ( n=10 ) . All the left eyes were selected as the experimental eyes, and the right eyes served as the normal eyes. The left eyes in atropinization group was produced by 1% atropine, 3 times a day and the right eyes in control group was treated with normal saline, 3 times a day. The flash visual evoked potentials ( F-VEP ) and retinoscopy refraction of the rats'both eyes were detected at five time points:0, 7, 14, 21, and 28d after atropinization, respectively. After 28d, six rats were randomly selected from both groups and each group had three rats. The expression of the c- fos mRNA was observed in both visual cortexes. Another six rats were chosen for the same test after 2d dark environment with 2h light later. The expression of c-fos mRNA was detected again. RESULTS: After 14d anisometropia was observed in experimental group, the difference was 3. 9D ( P 0.0 5 ) , F-VEP P1 wave of the rats left in experimental group was reached to 88. 9±1. 889ms at 21d, there was statistical difference compared with the right eye ( PCONCLUSION: In the critical period of visual development, monocular chronic atropine in rats can form anisometropia, may delay the transmission of the optic nerve, hinder the normal development of the visual cortex. Monocular atropinization in rats can be used as the model of anisometropia.
Résumé
Skeletal structure and body composition may be altered permanently in response to aggressions during critical periods of growth. This increases propensity to adverse effects in adulthood. The study explored the association of anthropometric variables of body size and proportions and of body composition with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) in young adults. We studied 166 men and 246 women age 20- 34. SBP, DBP, weight, stature, sitting height, circumferences (waist, hip), breadths (biacromial, biiliac) and skinfolds (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, suprailiac) were assessed. BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-stature ratio, and Ó skinfolds-stature were calculated. Pearson correlations were determined for anthropometric variables with SBP and DBP and linear regression models for SBP and DBP were developed by sex. Correlation coefficients between indicators and BP were significant, except for stature and SBP and DPB, and WHR with DBP in women; and stature with DBP, biiliac breadth and WHR with SBP, and sitting height with SBP and DPB in men. SBP and DPB were explained by weight, BMI, and biiliac breadth in multivariable analysis in women, where 15.4% and 10.8% of variance of SBP and DPB was explained. In men, SBP was explained by weight, Ó skinfolds and WHR, and DBP by Ó skinfolds; models explained almost 20% of SBP and DPB variance. No association was found between BP and past malnutrition indicators. Biiliac breadth, weight and BMI in women, and weight, WHR and Ó skinfolds in men explained BP. The use of biiliac breadth in the assessment of hypertension risk in women should be explored further.
La estructura ósea y la composición corporal pueden alterarse ante agresiones en períodos críticos del crecimiento ocasionando propensión para efectos adversos posteriores. El estudio exploró la asociación de la longitud de segmentos corporales y la composición corporal con la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) en adultos jóvenes. Se estudiaron 166 hombres y 246 mujeres de 20-34 años. Se evaluó PAS y PAD, peso, estatura, talla sentado, perímetros (cintura, cadera), anchuras (biacromial, bicrestal) y panículos (bicipital, tricipital, subescapular, suprailíaco). Se calcularon índices de masa corporal (IMC), cintura-cadera (ICC), córmico, cintura-estatura y la sumatoria panículos-estatura. Se estimaron correlaciones de Pearson y modelos de regresión lineal por sexo para PAS y PAD. La mayoría de las correlaciones con PAS y PAD fueron significativas. La PAS y PAD se explicaron por variables de masa (peso e IMC) y óseas (anchura bicrestal) en mujeres (15.4 y el 10.8% de la varianza). En hombres, PAS y PAD se explicaron por indicadores de masa (peso), adiposidad (sumatoria de panículos) y distribución de grasa (ICC) (20% de la varianza). No se encontró asociación de indicadores de desnutrición pasada con presión arterial. La anchura bicrestal, peso e IMC en mujeres y peso, ICC y la sumatoria de panículos en hombres tuvieron asociación significativa con presión arterial. Es necesario explorar la utilidad de la anchura bicrestal para la evaluación de riesgo de hipertensión arterial en mujeres.