Composition and histopathological features of prostatic calculi in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the composition of prostatic calculus in patients with BPH and explore its pathogenic factors and histopathological characteristics.@*METHODS@#Strictly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included in this retrospective study 580 cases of bipolar transurethral plasma kinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) performed in our hospital from May 2015 to May 2019, analyzed the histopathological and calculus-composition features of the patients with BPH complicated by prostatic calculi (the BPH+PC group) and the histopathological data of those with BPH only (the BPH group). We compared the related factors between the two groups of patients and performed uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses of the data on those in the BPH+PC group.@*RESULTS@#The incidence rate of chronic inflammation was significantly higher in the BPH+PC than in the BPH group (83.1% vs 61.1%, P 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that prostatic calculus was significantly correlated with chronic inflammation of the prostate, the patient's age and IPSS (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Prostatic calculus has a high incidence in BPH patients and varies widely in composition, chiefly consisting of calcium oxalate and carbonate apatite. The major factors contributing to prostatic calculi include chronic inflammation of the prostate (primarily the severe type), age and BPH. Prostate calculi may aggravate lower urinary tract symptoms, especially urinary storage symptoms, in patients with BPH, but not significantly affect the PSA level.？.

Multiparticulate approach: an emerging trend in colon specific drug delivery for Chronotherapy.

Colonic targeting has gained increasing interest over the past years. A considerable number of patents and publications dealing with the colon specific drug delivery system indicate a growing focus of research activities in this field, not just for the delivery of the drugs for the treatment of the local pathologies associated with the colon but also for its potential for the systemic delivery of the protein and peptides. Currently because of the inherent potential to delay or avoid systemic drug absorption from the small intestine, colonic formulations can be utilized for chronotherapy of the diseases which are affected by the circadian biorhythms (e.g., asthma, hypertension and arthritis). Diverse approaches, like osmotic, capsular, single and multiparticulate systems can be used for colonic delivery. Multiparticulate systems enabled the drug to reach the colon quickly and retained in the colon for a relatively prolonged period of time. Because of their smaller particle size as compared to single unit dosage forms these systems are capable of passing through gastrointestinal tract (g.i.t.) easily. The current article focuses on the multiparticulate formulation approach for colon specific delivery of medicament.