Résumé
ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary preference and nutritional knowledge needs of the elderly people who dined at meal service sites. MethodsUsing the form of stratified and convenience sampling method with self-designed questionnaire was used， in November 2021， to select 700 elderly people who dine at meal service sites in 7 jurisdictions in Shanghai were selected， and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information. Results91.64% of the elderly surveyed would eat at relatively fixed meal service sites， and the total Dietary Diversity Score （DDS9） was 3.56±1.46. 41.45% of the elderly with diseases preferred unhealthy cooking methods. Only 8.03% of the surveyed seniors said they were unwilling to accept targeted and personalized nutrition tips and reminders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability reaching the “understanding” level of “Food Guide Pagoda for Chinese Residents” and “Four Principles Recommended by the Core Dietary Guidelines for the Elderly” was different in the elderly with different education levels. The willingness of the elderly to expect to receive different nutrition tips and reminders was related to whether they cared about the corresponding contents. There was a statistically significant difference （P<0.05） among the elderly who were concerned about different health problems in terms of the willingness to receive different nutritional tips. There were significant differences in the proportion of elderly people with different health status for intervention （χ2=5.402， P<0.05）. ConclusionThe elderly who dine at meal service sites are highly dependent on the sites， have a low level of dietary diversification， and do not have a high degree of understanding of nutrition-related knowledge， and have a high demand for targeted nutritional interventions. Nutritional interventions for the sick elderly should be piloted through multiple channels.
Résumé
Abstract: Anurans are predator and prey, playing an important role in ecosystem functioning. The diet composition is closely related to feeding strategy, and the information about prey items is useful to understand intra and interspecific interactions in trophic webs. Here we determined diet composition, feeding strategy, and relation between prey ingestion and body measures of Crossodactylus timbuhy, a recently described anuran species. We found 466 prey items from 20 prey categories in the stomach of 66 specimens (15 males and 51 females) of C. timbuhy. The diet consists mostly of Formicidae and Coleoptera, the items with the highest number, frequency of occurrence and prey importance. The diet composition was relatively similar to other species of Crossodactylus. Prey volume was positively related to frog size and weight, suggesting frogs may feed upon any prey they can swallow. Diet showed some variation between sexes. Despite females were larger and heavier than males, females had higher consumption of smaller prey, and ingested a larger number of prey categories. We suggest C. timbuhy has an invertebrate-opportunistic feeding habit. It is likely C. timbuhy uses a combination of 'sit-and-wait' and 'active search' strategies due to high consumption of both highly mobile and sedentary prey.
Resumo: Os anuros são predadores e presas, desempenhando um importante papel no funcionamento dos ecossistemas. A composição da dieta está intimamente relacionada à estratégia de forrageamento das espécies e as informações sobre os itens consumidos são úteis para compreensão das interações intra e interespecíficas nas redes tróficas. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a composição da dieta, a estratégia de forrageamento e a relação entre a ingestão de presas e as medidas corporais de Crossodactylus timbuhy, uma espécie de anuro descrita recentemente. Foi analisado o conteúdo estomacal de 66 espécimes (15 machos e 51 fêmeas) de C. timbuhy e registrados 466 itens alimentares, distribuídos em 20 categorias de presas. A dieta consistiu principalmente de Formicidae e Coleoptera, as quais apresentaram maior número de itens consumidos, maior frequência de ocorrência e maior importância entre as presas registradas. A composição da dieta foi relativamente semelhante à de outras espécies do gênero Crossodactylus. O volume das presas foi positivamente relacionado com o tamanho e o peso dos espécimes, sugerindo que os indivíduos podem se alimentar de qualquer presa que eles possam engolir. A dieta apresentou variação entre os sexos. Apesar das fêmeas serem maiores e mais pesadas do que os machos, elas consumiram mais presas menores e ingeriram mais categorias de presas. Sugere-se que C. timbuhy tenha hábito alimentar invertebrado-oportunista. É provável que C. timbuhy apresente uma combinação de estratégias "senta-e-espera" e "forrageador ativo" devido ao alto consumo de presas altamente móveis e de presas sedentárias.