Investigation and validation of magnetic resonance white matter atlas for 0 to 2 years old infants / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To construct and verify a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal 0 to 2 years old infants by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm (large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, LDDMM).@*METHODS@#Full-term spontaneous labor children without maternal pregnancy disease (hypertension, diabetes, etc.), intrauterine hypoxia and ischemia, head trauma, intracranial infection, intracranial surgery history, family history of mental disorders were selected. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from the 120 normal Chinese infants under 2 years old were acquired after excluding the existence of neurological diseases revealed by neurologists, radiologists and Gesell Developmental Scale. All the data were divided into six groups including group A: 1 day to 1.5 months, group B: 1.5 to 4.5 months, group C: 4.5 to 9.0 months, group D: 9 to 15 months, group E: 15 to 21 months, and group F: 21 to 24 months. Data pre-processing, normalizing, tensor fitting and calculation of all the images were performed by using MRlcron, DtiStudio, DiffeoMap and SPM software package combined with LDDMM image registration method based on the selected single template of each group. And the average templates of each group were constructed by MATLAB software platform. The set of templates included fractional anisotropy figure (FA), color map, T1 weighted image, b0 image and the mean of all DWfs figures.@*RESULTS@#The templates of FA, T1, b0, DWfs and color map for the normal brain magnetic resonance white matter development of the Chinese infants aged 0 to 2 years were successfully established with the subjective scores exceeding 2 points. The objective evaluation root mean squared error was controlled below 0.19, and the cubic chart of brain alternation trend for the children aged 0 to 2 years was consistent with previous literature.@*CONCLUSION@#Constructing a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal infants, by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm provides not only a foundation of further research on brain development, mechanism and treatment of pediatric diseases associated with brain, but also objective and fair imaging information for medical education and research.

Brain Connection in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the central pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by comparing the difference between children with ASD and typically developing children. Methods From September, 2017 to July, 2018, ten children with ASD (ASD group) and ten typically developing children (control group) were included. ASD group was assessed with Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and Psychoeducational Profile-Third Edition (PEP-3). All the children accepted diffusion tensor imaging, and the differences in fraction anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) between them were compared, and the correlation between abnormal data and the clinical scores was explored in ASD group. Results Compared with those in the control group, FA decreased in left middle cerebellar, left peduncle body of corpus callosum, left posterior limb of internal capsule, bilateral corona radiate and bilateral longitudinal fasciculus in ASD group; while RD increased in left middle cerebellar, left peduncle body and splenium of corpus callosum, bilateral corona radiata and bilateral longitudinal fasciculus. The mental age correlated with FA of left middle cerebellar (r = 0.686, P < 0.05), and the development quotient correlated with FA of left corona radiate (r = 0.720, P < 0.05) and left peduncle body of corpus callosum (r = 0.744, P < 0.05). The scores of Expressive Language (r = 0.711, P < 0.05) and Receptive Language (r = 0.754, P < 0.05) were correlated with FA of left peduncle body of corpus callosum, while the scores of Fine Motor were correlated with FA of left middle cerebellar (r = 0.723, P < 0.05). The scores of Affective Expression were correlated with RD of left peduncle body of corpus callosum (r = -0.902, P < 0.05). Conclusion There are developmental disorders of brain white matter in children with ASD, which may involve in mentality, development and clinical features.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study on Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To apply MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to quantitatively analyze cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (CSCIWORA). Methods 15 patients with CSCIWORA and 20 healthy controls were scanned with MRI of conventional scans and DTI. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured. Results FA and ADC of the patients were (0.475±0.109) and (1.438±0.252)×10-3 mm2/s, respectively. Whereas, they were (0.604±0.096) and (1.371±0.280)×10-3 mm2/s in the controls. Compared with the controls, the FA was less (P<0.05) in the patients, but the ADC was not significantly different (P=0.267). The fiber tracking (FT) showed the abnormality of white matter fiber tracts of cervical spinal cord in the patients. Conclusion DTI can detect the CSCIWORA, and FT can directly display the injuries of white matter fiber tracts of cervical spinal cord, which provide more information to evaluate the clinical severity of CSCIWORA.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study on Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To apply MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to quantitatively analyze cervical spinal cord injury without radio-graphic abnormality (CSCIWORA). Methods 15 patients with CSCIWORA and 20 healthy controls were scanned with MRI of convention-al scans and DTI. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured. Results FA and ADC of the pa-tients were (0.475±0.109) and (1.438±0.252)×10-3 mm2/s, respectively. Whereas, they were (0.604±0.096) and (1.371±0.280)×10-3 mm2/s in the controls. Compared with the controls, the FA was less (P<0.05) in the patients, but the ADC was not significantly different (P=0.267). The fiber tracking (FT) showed the abnormality of white matter fiber tracts of cervical spinal cord in the patients. Conclusion DTI can de-tect the CSCIWORA, and FT can directly display the injuries of white matter fiber tracts of cervical spinal cord, which provide more infor-mation to evaluate the clinical severity of CSCIWORA.