Résumé
Extraction experiment of volatile compounds in disposable syringes from five manufacturers was undertaken by GC-MS with high-space injection and semi-volatile compounds were tested by GC-MS.MS detection ranged from 30 to 650 with electron ionization (EI) source.Vanillin was used as internal standard to monitor the sample pretreatment process.Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) were compared to acquire a simple processing method with more extractables in syringe materials.HCl,NaOH,Tween 80 and ethanol-aqueous solution were used as extraction solvents.The method was successfully developed to determine the unknown volatile extractables and the results were used to investigate the safety of disposable syringes comprehensively.
Résumé
Objective To assess the application value of disposable syringe of low resistance (SLR) in epidural puncture.Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients scheduled to undergoing selective operation under epidural or combined epidural-spinal anesthesia were divided into glass syringe (GS) group and SLR group with 66 cases each by random digits table method.GS was applied in local anesthesia and epidural puncture with loss of resistance in GS group.While SLR was used in SLR group.The defect of the syringes' appearance was evaluated.The fastness between each sub-unit during the procedure was observed.The rupture,dropping,leakage,air leakage and blockage were also estimated.The heart rate,blood pressure,oxygen saturation and other adverse events were also observed.Results In SLR group,syringe excepted 1 case of slight resistance but did not affect the use,the rest of the components connected firmly,surface without defects,clear scale uniform color,not observed rupture,air leakage,leakage and blockage phenomenon,pump liquid and air resistance was small.In GS group,syringe surface without defects,clear scale uniform color,3 cases had loose connection,1 case with rupture when using,5 cases with air leakage and leakage,3 cases of pumping liquid or dry air resistance to 0.9％ sodium chloride and moist after use.There was significant difference in appearance and usage between two groups (x2 =10.324 5,P =0.001 3).There was no significant difference in a puncture success,first three puncture success and inject air negative pressure sensitivity between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion SLR is worth to be applied in epidural puncture.
Résumé
PURPOSE: We have tried to search all concerning data on the policies of hepatitis B vaccination or surveillance of medical equipments that can transmit blood mediated diseases, including disposable syringe, in Republic of Korea, to propose references to other medical professionals. METHODS: Data from domestic journals, government websites, computerized newspapers, etc. were reviewed. The data were arranged into four categories (governmental policies on hepatitis B control, hepatitis B mass immunization program in school, using process of hepatitis B vaccine, and policies on medical equipments surveillance, including disposable syringes, which is considered as source of blood mediated infection), and the periodic changes on each subjects in policies were reviewed. RESULTS: Due to growing social concerns on hepatitis B in early 1980s, swift introduction and production of hepatitis B vaccine was made. After establishment of "5 year project for eradication of hepatitis B" in late 1983, number of vaccinated population jumped up to 6 million within 2 years (1984-85). However, since the immunization targets were mainly adult, not infant, this project was annulled in late 1985. Following this project, hepatitis B mass immunization program in school was carried out. In year 1995, hepatitis B vaccine was included in national immunization program. The use of disposable syringe was recommended from year 1980 but legislated in year 1985, finally. CONCLUSION: The mainstay in controlling hepatitis B in Republic of Korea was coordination of prompt introduction of vaccine, mass immunization, high vaccination coverage rate, or use of disposable syringes. However, since there is lack of official data available, it is urgent to arrange and computerize all government data related to infectious diseases.