RÉSUMÉ
O uso de animais como modelos experimentais muitas vezes exige a administração de sedativos ou anestésicos, particularmente quando se trata de avaliação ecoDopplercardiográfica de coelhos. No entanto, existem poucas informações sobre os protocolos e seus efeitos nestes parâmetros. Diante deste contexto, foram utilizados 20 coelhos Nova Zelândia machos, com cinco meses e 3,2kg, distribuídos em dois grupos de 10 animais cada: G1 - maleato de midazolam associado ao cloridrato de cetamina, e G2 - maleato de midazolam. Compararam-se o efeito dos dois protocolos sob os índices funcionais do ventrículo esquerdo e os fluxos valvares, e observaram-se menores valores de frequência cardíaca e da fração de ejeção e maiores valores de diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo na sístole, de volume sistólico final do ventrículo esquerdo e de diâmetro aórtico no grupo que recebeu apenas maleato de midazolam (G2). Concluiu-se que, o maleato de midazolam apresentou-se mais eficaz, pois causou boa sedação nos animais, permitindo a realização de ecoDopplercardiogramas de qualidade e efeitos limitados no sistema cardiovascular.
The use of animals as experimental models often requires anesthesia, particularly when it comes to echocardiographic evaluation of rabbits. However, there is little information regarding the protocols and their effects on echocardiographic parameters. We used 20 male five month old New Zealand rabbits, weighing 3.2kg, distributed in two groups of 10 animals each: G1 - midazolam maleate associated with ketamine hydrochloride, and G2 - midazolam maleate. We compared the effect of two protocols on functional indicators of the left ventricle and the flow valves and we obtained lower values of heart rate and left ventricular ejection fraction and higher values of left ventricular diameter in systole, end-systolic volume of left ventricle and aortic diameter in the group that received only midazolam. Midazolam maleate was more effective because it promoted good sedation, allowing a good quality examination and limited effects on the cardiovascular system.
RÉSUMÉ
PURPOSE--To compare immediate and long term results balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) using double balloon or bifoil balloon. METHODS--One hundred and thirteen consecutive cases of BMV used aleatory double balloon (group DB--55 cases) or bifoil balloon (group BF--16 cases). Patients were similar regarding to age, sex, valvopaty etiology, functional class and echocardiographic score. Seventy one (63 per cent ) patients achieved 12 months follow-up. RESULTS--In group DB there were 2 (4 per cent ) insuccess, 2 (4 per cent ) cardiac tamponade and 2 (4 per cent ) deaths, 91 per cent patients had immediate criteria of success. Mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 0.8 to 1.69cm2 and mitral gradient (G) by echodopplercardiographic (ECHO) decreased from 17.9 to 4.8mmHg. Three (5 per cent ) patients developed severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and needed surgical intervention. At follow-up 2 (4 per cent ) developed mitral restenosis. MVA estimated by ECHO study after one year follow-up was inferior to 1.15cm2 in 15 (32 per cent ) cases, between 1.5 and 2.0cm2 in 17 (37 per cent ) and superior to 2.0cm2 in 14 (31 per cent ). In group BF there were 2 (12.5 per cent ) insuccess, 4 (25 per cent ) developed severe MR occurring 1 death immediate post-operative mitral valve replacement. Among 14 (87 per cent ) success cases, MVA increased from 0.8 to 1.89cm2 and G decreased from 18 to 6.4mmHg. Lately 2 (12.5 per cent ) needed surgical intervention because significative MR. At 12th month follow-up the ECHO study showed that in one (10 per cent ) case MVA was < 1.5cm2, and in 3 (27 per cent ) cases was between 1.5 and 2.0cm2. CONCLUSION--There were similar good results in both groups, however group DB had more restenosis, cardiac tamponade and vascular complications and group BF had more severe MR