Effect of UV-C Radiation Intensity on Post-harvest Quality of Two Eggplant Varieties (Solanum aetipicum anguivi L and Solanum macrocarpon L)

In C魌e d扞voire, eggplant is one of the most cultivated and consumed vegetables. However, this vegetable is very perishable. This work was developed to evaluate the effect of different UV-C concentrations on the conservation of eggplants with a view to identifying which one would provide better conservation of eggplants grown in C魌e d'Ivoire. In this study, two eggplant varieties Solanum aetiopicum anguivi L (Klongbo) and Solanum macrocarpon L (Gbokouman) were treated with three doses of UV-C (960 Kj m-2; 1920 Kj m-2 or 2880 Kj m-2) in order to determine the optimal dose: non-deleterious while preserving or enhancing the qualitative attributes of the vegetable. The proximate composition and the infection rate were determined according to standard and referenced methods. Treatment at 960 Kj m-2 had no significant effect on fruit quality attributes compared to untreated fruit, while treatment at 2880 Kj m-2 accelerated fruit color changes and loss fruit mass. The treatment at 1920 Kj m-2 allowed the fruits to better preserve their quality over time. During this treatment, the infection rate was reduced by 45 % for the 揋bokouman� variety and 40 % for the 揔longbo� variety. With this same dose of UVC, mass loss was reduced by 10.74% for the 揔longbo� variety and 33.48 % for the 揋bokouman� variety. An increase in the content of phenolic compounds as well as that of antioxidant activity was also observed. The dose of 1920 Kj m-2 is therefore the optimal dose which would allow the 揋bokouman� and 揔longbo� eggplant varieties to be preserved for a long period of marketing and conservation.

Agrometeorological Indices Influenced by Varying Planting Windows and Varieties of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in Maharashtra, India

An experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre for Advanced Agricultural Meteorology,College of Agriculture, Pune during Kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015.The experiment was laid out a split plot design with three replications.The treatment comprised of three brinjal hybrids viz.,V1:Phule Arjun, V2: Krishna, V3: Panchganaga as main plot and four planting windows viz., P1: 31st MW (30 July-5 August), P2: 32ndMW (6-12August), P3:33rdMW (13-19 August) and P4: 34thMW (20-26 August) as subplot treatments. Micrometeorological studies of Cumulative GDD, HTU, and PTU at the end of each growth stage showed that the numerically higher requirement was observed in hy.Phule Arjun over hy.Krishna and hy.Panchganga hybrids during both the years 2014 and 2015 experimentation period.Whereas, the lowest canopy temperature was found in hy.Phule Arjun (29.0 0C) than the rest of the brinjal hybrids. Canopy reflected PAR and transmitted PAR was higher in (191.54 and 188.62 µ mol m-2s-1) Panchganaga hybrids among the brinjal hybrids. Amongst all the brinjal hybrids, Phule Arjun hybrids were found significantly superior under extended planting windows followed by Krishna and Panchganga. Planting during 31st MW (1st week of August) was observed to be most suitable and optimum for brinjal considering the growth and yield attributes. This planting window was at par with the 32nd MW planting window. Linear correlation analysis for brinjal fruit yield with weather parameters was significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature and minimum temperature.

Comparative Assessment of Farmer’s Brinjal Variety in Different Agro-Climatic Conditions

In order to evaluate the performance and suitability of the long brinjal variety ‘Niranjan Bhata’ developed by an innovative farmer of Chhattisgarh in different agro-climatic conditions of the country, the comparative field experiment conducted under Gandhinagar, Gujarat condition was accommodated in a randomized complete block design comprising five replications of four treatments, i.e. Niranjan Bhata, Pusa Shamla as National Check (NC) and two Local Check (LC) during June - March 2016. The plant height of Niranjan Bhata (115.50 cm) was recorded at par with LC-1 (118.33 cm). However, the maximum fruit length (45.80 cm) was recorded in Niranjan Bhata (45.80 cm). The significant highest fruit yield was produced by Niranjan Bhata (31.40 t/ha). Farmer managed trials (FMTs) were also carried out in five states between 2017-18 and 2020-21 at 68 locations (loc.) during the Kharif season. The test variety ‘Niranjan Bhata’ reported superior performance in Chhattisgarh with the highest plant height (161.17 cm), fruit length (59.67 cm), and marketable fruit yield (9.81 kg/plant). The variety also outperformed with similar characters in Gujarat and Maharashtra states over checks. As per the growers' feedback, the variety was found to be high-yielding. The long fruits containing lesser seeds and soft pulp having good market preference too. Thus the evaluation of variety with the farmers’ participation was found most suitable approach which assured the varietal preference and its suitability for large-scale dissemination.

Impact of Consumption of Two Street Foods (Tuna Garba and Rice with Eggplant Sauce) on Vital Organs in the Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Street foods are seen as a public health problem due to lack of infrastructure and basic services, difficulty in controlling the plethora of street food sales operations due to their diversity, their mobility, and their temporary nature. The objective of this study is to show the impact of the consumption of two street foods (Garba with tuna and rice with eggplant sauce) consumed in Côte d'Ivoire on the health of the Ivorian population. To contribute to the nutritional and health security of the population, the consumption of these dishes has been demonstrated in young Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Thus, we hypothesized that the consumption of these street foods would have a deleterious effect on consumer health. However, five days 20 young rats of male and female sexes aged 50±5 days and weighing an average of 55±5 g were acclimatized and fed on a formulated isocaloric diet rich in herring fish (Clupea harengus) animal protein. After the acclimatization phase, four batches of rats of five rats per cage were fed respectively with diets (DWP, CDHF, GWTF and RES). The results showed that juvenile rats fed the CDHF and RES diet gained a lot of weight (5.66 ± 0.34 g/d and 5.16 ± 0.58 g/d) while those fed the GWTF diet had a progressive, slow weight gain. (2.32 ±0.23 g/d) and batch of rats fed without protein (DWP) observed considerable weight loss (-1.07±0.06 g/d). In terms of biological value, the results demonstrate that rats fed the RES diet have a higher protein availability (84.23 ±0.02%) than rats fed the GWTF diet (54.31 ±0.06 %). It follows from this analysis that it is necessary to combine GWTF with other protein-rich foods to compensate for the nutritional deficits caused by its ingestion. In young rats fed experimental diets, biometric research on vital organs (heart, liver, spleen and kidneys) revealed no abnormalities.

Development and survival of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on wild and cultivated solanaceae

ABSTRACT The small tomato fruit borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis is a pest of wild and cultivated solanaceous of economic importance, such as tomatoes, eggplant, peppers and scarlet eggplant. We compared the development, survival and reproduction of N. elegantalis in cultivated and wild Solanaceae as alternative hosts in the absence of tomato plants in the field. The development time was significantly affected by the host plant and was longer in larvae feeding on eggplant. Survival of the immature stages was higher in larvae fed on tomato and eggplant, although the development cycle was completed in all hosts. Fecundity was also influenced by the host plant and was lower when the larvae fed on scarlet eggplant and the wild solanaceae Solanum paniculatum (jurubeba). The net reproductive rate was lower in jurubeba and the intrinsic growth rate was higher in Solanum sp. The results show that both wild Solanum species can act as alternative hosts for N. elegantalis during the intercropping of tomato in winter and autumn and may thus act as larval reservoirs for infestations on cultivated species. The large number of hosts able to sustain the development of N. elegantalis is another factor, together with world's climate changes, to increase the invasive potential of N. elegantalis into tomato-producing countries.

Molecular characterization of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) based on mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase I and their phylogenetic relationship.

Shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is an important insect pest infesting brinjal or eggplant in India. Molecular characterization of nine different populations belonging to various brinjal growing regions was done using Cytochorome C Oxidase I (COI) gene. Nucleotide analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the COI indicate that the L. orbonalis from different geographical regions are homogenous. The results showed less nucleotide diversity (π = 0.007895) and overall mean distance (0.008±0.003). Topologies of neighbour-joining (NJ) trees indicate all the populations belong to single major clade. Therefore, it is inferred that there was no significant molecular diversity within L. orbonalis of different geographical locations of India with respect to COI.

Avaliação dos fatores que caracterizam a berinjela (Solanum melongena L. ) como um alimento funcional / Evaluation factors featuring eggplant (Solanum melongena L. ) as a functional food

Currently, the role of healthy food is to optimize the nutrition of individuals, providing not only increased health and well-being, but also reduced risks of developing diseases caused by poor diets. Functional foods contain substances with different biological functions, called bioactive compounds, which can modulate the physiology of the body, ensuring the maintenance of health. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has been cited by several authors as one of the vegetables that can be classified as functional food. The lay population has used eggplant in different ways, without criteria and evidence from studies with different objectives. Among its main uses, the treatment and/or prevention of dyslipidemia and as adjuvant in weight loss can be highlighted. This work aims to study and analyze the most recent publications in order to justify the characterization of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) as a functional food. To this end, a literature review of articles was conducted in the Scielo, Medline, Pubmed, Bireme, and Lilacs databases, as well as in books and journals from 1992 to 2012. The selection of bibliographic reference sought to select studies that investigated the chemical composition of eggplant, elucidated its habitual use by populations, and attempted to demonstrate its functional properties. Although some studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of eggplant, more accurate investigations with standardized methodologies are needed. These further studies should address the usual forms of consumption by the population and the correlation of these forms with the objectives of the proposed use.

Actualmente, el papel de la alimentación considerada saludable es el de optimizar la nutrición de las personas, garantizándoles el aumento de la salud y del bienestar, al mismo tiempo que reduce el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades causadas por la mala alimentación. Los alimentos funcionales presentan sustancias, denominadas compuestos bioactivos, que tienen diferentes funciones biológicas y que son capaces de modular la fisiología del organismo, garantizando el mantenimiento de la salud. La berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) ha sido citada por muchos autores como una de las hortalizas que se puede clasificar como alimento funcional. La berenjena ha sido utilizada por la población de diversas formas, aunque sin evidencias ni pruebas que lo respalden, y con diversos objetivos, entre los que podemos destacar el tratamiento y/o prevención de la dislipidemia y el auxilio en el adelgazamiento. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar y analizar las publicaciones más recientes que justifiquen la clasificación de la berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) como un alimento funcional. Para la estructuración de este estudio se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos en las bases de datos Scielo, Medline, Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs, así como en libros y revistas científicas, teniendo en cuenta el período de 1992 a 2012. La selección de la referencia bibliográfica intentó seleccionar aquellos estudios que investigaron la composición química de la berenjena, dilucidaron su uso habitual en las poblaciones y trataron de demostrar sus propiedades funcionales. Aunque algunos estudios han demostrado la eficacia de la berenjena, se necesitan investigaciones más precisas, con metodologías estandarizadas, que tengan en cuenta las formas habituales de consumo y las relacionen con los objetivos propuestos para su uso.

Atualmente o papel da alimentação considerada saudável é otimizar a nutrição dos indivíduos garantindo a estes o aumento da saúde e do bem-estar como também reduzir o risco de desenvolver doenças decorrentes da má alimentação. Os alimentos funcionais apresentam substâncias com distintas funções biológicas, denominadas compostos bioativos, que são capazes de modular a fisiologia do organismo, garantindo a manutenção da saúde. A berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) tem sido citada por diversos autores como um dos vegetais que podem ser classificados como alimento funcional. A utilização da berinjela vem sendo feita pela população leiga sob diversas formas, mesmo sem critérios e comprovações por estudos com objetivos diversos, entre eles destaca-se sua utilização para o tratamento e/ou prevenção da dislipidemia e também como coadjuvante na perda de peso. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar e analisar as publicações mais recentes que justifiquem a caracterização da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) como um alimento funcional. Para a estruturação deste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura em artigos nas bases de dados Scielo, Medline, Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs bem como em livros e revistas científicas, considerando o período de 1992 a 2012. A seleção da referência bibliográfica preocupou-se em selecionar os estudos que pesquisaram a composição química da berinjela, elucidaram seu uso habitual nas populações, bem como tentaram demonstrar suas propriedades funcionais. Apesar de alguns estudos demonstrarem a eficácia da berinjela, são necessárias investigações mais precisas, com metodologias padronizadas, realizadas com as formas habituais de consumo entre a população e relacioná-las com os objetivos propostos do seu uso.

A Review of Solasodine Rhamnosides Therapy for In-Situ Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Penis.

The majority of penile cancers develop from squamous cells within the skin resulting in a non-melanoma form of skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinomas can develop anywhere on the penis, most appear on the foreskin in men who have not been circumcised or on the glans. Various types of squamous cell carcinomas ranging from Bowen’s disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and Buschke- Lowenstein tumour have been identified on the penis. When detected early, these types of cancer can be successfully treated. However, the current treatment procedures have the potential for disfigurement and dysfunction of male genitalia, with associated psychological distress. A relatively new class of antineoplastic agents, consisting of the solasodine rhamnosides, solamargine and solasonine, are very effective and safe for the treatment of a variety of skin cancers and show promise for the treatment of internal cancers. Here, three cases of distinct squamous cell carcinomas on the penis, Bowen’s disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and Buschke-Lowenstein tumour are reviewed which were successfully treated with a standard mixture of solasodine rhamnosides.

Establishment of an in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol for unique varieties of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla and Perampalli Gulla.

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla (MG) and var. Perampalli Gulla (PG) are unique varieties with distinct flavour cultivated in Udupi, Karnataka State, and are exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses. An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration method is required to expedite the manipulation of these brinjal varieties to cope up with stress by tissue culture and gene transfer methods. The present study, reports a rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for these two varieties. The in vitro growth response was studied on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-D, BAP and IAA, and the plantlets were regenerated efficiently from callus cultures of leaf, cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. Among the three explants, the hypocotyl explants were found to have better callus induction and multiple shoot regeneration. High frequency of shoot initiation was achieved from hypocotyl derived calluses in MS media with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA in MG and PG. Efficient and rapid shoot proliferation, and elongation were noted in MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.3 mg/L GA3. The in vitro regenerated shoots produced healthy roots when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. A significant difference was observed in percentage of callus induction, number of shoots per callus, shoot elongation and number of hardened plantlets of MG and PG. MG showed maximum response in all stages of culture than PG. Hardening of plantlets in tissue culture was achieved in three weeks. The hardened plantlets were grown in pots for further acclimatization in green house and finally transplanted to experimental garden where they developed into flowering plants and produced mature fruits with viable seeds.

Nematicidal activity of leaf extracts from Lantana camara L. against Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood and its use to manage roots infection of Solanum melongena L

Various concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of Lantana camara were assessed in vitro conditions against second stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. The standard concentration 'S' of leaf extract was found to be highly nematostatic, where nematodes were completely paralyzed after 12 h and after 48 h of exposure, 96 percent of juveniles were killed at same concentration. However, the mortality of juveniles was 75 percent in S/2 dilution at 48 h. The degree of effectiveness and dilutions of extract were directly proportional. The percentage of paralyzed juveniles was decreased, when J2 transferred in distilled water after 48 h incubation in standard aqueous leaf extract. Addition of freeze-dried aqueous extract to sterile sandy substrate at S/2 dilution significantly decreased the root-knot infection to susceptible eggplants whereas second stage juveniles (J2) that penetrated roots of eggplant were able to complete development in sterile sandy substrate without treatment of freeze-dried aqueous extract.

Restoring pollen fertility in transgenic male-sterile eggplant by Cre/loxp-mediated site-specific recombination system

This study was designed to control plant fertility by cell lethal gene Barnase expressing at specific developmental stage and in specific tissue of male organ under the control of Cre/loxP system, for heterosis breeding, producing hybrid seed of eggplant. The Barnase-coding region was flanked by loxP recognition sites for Cre-recombinase. The eggplant inbred/pure line ('E-38') was transformed with Cre gene and the inbred/pure line ('E-8') was transformed with the Barnase gene situated between loxp. The experiments were done separately, by means of Agrobacterium co-culture. Four T0-plants with the Barnase gene were obtained, all proved to be male-sterile and incapable of producing viable pollen. Flowers stamens were shorter, but the vegetative phenotype was similar to wild-type. Five T0-plants with the Cre gene developed well, blossomed out and set fruit normally. The crossing of male-sterile Barnase-plants with Cre expression transgenic eggplants resulted in site-specific excision with the male-sterile plants producing normal fruits. With the Barnase was excised, pollen fertility was fully restored in the hybrids. The phenotype of these restored plants was the same as that of the wild-type. Thus, the Barnase and Cre genes were capable of stable inheritance and expression in progenies of transgenic plants.

Feeding preference of adults of Metriona elatior Klug (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) for different hybrids of Solanum melogena Linnaeus (Solanaceae) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i4.5874 / Preferência alimentar de adultos de Metriona elatior Klug (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) por diferentes híbridos de Solanum melogena Linnaeus (Solanaceae) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i4.5874

Metriona elatior Klug is a potential biocontrol agent for Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple), because larvae and adults feed on its leaves and this species shows a low dispersion rate. Specificity plays a major role in the feasibility of an organism as a biological control agent, especially in the inundative strategy. The feeding preference of M. elatior adults was evaluated to 14 eggplant (Solanum melogena Linnaeus) hybrids. Mass rearing was carried out under lab conditions, with the insect feeding directly on S. viarum leaves. The study started with dual and multiple choice tests in 24 and 48 hour feeding times, by offering leaf disks in Petri dish conditions. Survival and leaf consumption analysis were performed in newly adults in tropical soda apple and eggplant leaves kept turgid by immersing the petioles in water. The leaf area was measured before and after four days of insect exposure. M. elatior showed higher feeding preference, survival and consumption of the weed species, especially in comparison with the hybrid Ryoma. The highest feeding preference among the eggplant hybrids was observed in Minikuro Kowishiki.

Metriona elatior Klug é potencial candidato para o controle biológico de Solanum viarum Dunal (joá-bravo), pois as larvas e adultos se alimentam de suas folhas e têm baixa taxa de dispersão. A especificidade é um forte requisito para a adequabilidade de um organismo como agente de controle biológico, especialmente pela estratégia inundativa. Desse modo, a preferência alimentar do adulto desse inseto em laboratório foi avaliada em 14 híbridos de Solanum melogena Linnaeus (berinjela). A criação estoque foi mantida em laboratório, com os indivíduos se alimentando de folhas do joá-bravo. O estudo foi realizado utilizando-se testes de dupla e múltipla escolha, em períodos de alimentação de 24 e 48h, oferecendo-se discos de tecido foliar, em condições de placas de Petri. As avaliações da sobrevivência e consumo foliar dos insetos adultos recém-emergidos foram realizadas em folhas de joá-bravo e dos híbridos de berinjela, mantidas túrgidas pela imersão do pecíolo em água. A área foliar foi medida antes e após quatro dias de exposição ao inseto. M. elatior apresentou preferência para alimentação, sobrevivência e consumo na planta daninha. A preferência do crisomelídeo foi maior para o híbrido Minikuro Kowishiki de berinjela.

Modesto efeito hipolipemiante do extrato seco de Berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) em mulheres com dislipidemias, sob controle nutricional / Modest hypolipidemic effect of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) dry extract in women with dislipidemy, under nutritional control

Neste estudo, investigou-se o efeito hipolipemiante do extrato seco do fruto de Solanum melongena L. (Berinjela) em pacientes com dislipidemias, sob controle nutricional. Foi realizado no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley/UFPB/PB, constituído de 28 mulheres voluntárias, dislipidêmicas, alocadas para o tratamento com cápsula de Berinjela (n=14) e placebo (n=14), após assinarem o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Cada voluntária recebeu diariamente três cápsulas contendo 360 mg de extrato seco de Berinjela ou 360 mg de placebo, em cada cápsula, oralmente, sendo acompanhada mensalmente. Após 3 meses de tratamento, ao se compararem os valores de colesterol total antes e após 90 dias, verificou-se que houve redução dos mesmos (p=0,023), fato que não ocorreu no grupo controle (p=0,778). Havendo diferença significativa também nos valores de colesterol HDL (p=0,03) entre os grupos na avaliação basal e após 90 dias no grupo controle (p=0,026). Nos parâmetros hepáticos e renais não foram verificadas diferenças significativas, fora da faixa de normalidade clínica. Concluindo que o extrato seco de Solanum melongena L. (Berinjela), exerce um modesto efeito sobre o perfil lipídico, de pacientes com dislipidemias, não apresentando efeito hepatotóxico, nem reações adversas para quem dela faz uso, salientando, entretanto, que a resposta clínica encontrada neste estudo não atingiu os valores estabelecidos pelas III Diretrizes Brasileiras sobre Dislipidemias e Aterosclerose, necessitando de ensaios clínicos mais aprofundados.

In this research, it has been investigated the hypolipidemic effect of the dry extract of Solanum melongena L. (Eggplant) fruit in patients with dislipidemy, under nutritional control. It was accomplished at the Lauro Wanderley Academical Hospital/UFPB/PB, composed by 28 voluntary women, dislipidemics, selected for the treatment with eggplant's capsule (n=14) and placebo (n=14), after they have signed the free and clear up consentiment term. Each volunteer has received daily three capsules with 360 mg of Eggplant dry extract or 360 mg of placebo, in each capsule, orally and they were monthly accompanied. After three months treatment, when compared the values of full cholesterol before and after 90 days, it was verified that these values were reduced (p=0,023), fact that did not happened in the control group (p=0,778). There was a significant difference in cholesterol values HDL (p=0,026) among these groups in basal evaluation and after 90 days in the control group (p=0,026). In hepatic and renal parameters, significant differences were not find out, remaining out of the clinical normality level. Concluding that the dry extract of Solanum melongena L. (Eggplant) has a modest effect over the lipidic profile of patients with dislipidemy, not intervening on other renal parameters, neither presenting toxic hepatic effect nor adverse reactions for those who use it, pointing out, however that the clinical answer found in this study it didn't reach the established values for the Third Brazilian Guidelines on Dislipidemies and Atherosclerosis, needing clinical rehearsals more deepened.

Berinjela (Solanum melongena L.): mito ou realidade no combate as dislipidemias? / Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): myth or reality in the fight against the dislipidemy?

A dislipidemia é considerada um dos fatores de risco mais importantes para o desenvolvimento da doença arterial coronariana. Como resultado, tratamentos efetivos com fármacos foram desenvolvidos para combatê-la, porém, apresentam alto custo e efeitos colaterais. Considerando este fato, pacientes têm recorrido a tratamentos utilizando alimentos conhecidos científica e popularmente por possuírem efeito hipolipemiante. Várias pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas com esses alimentos como a berinjela no sentido de investigarem seus possíveis efeitos na redução dos lipídios sangüíneos. A berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) tem sido alvo desses estudos devido a sua utilização popular para dietas de emagrecimento, por aumentar a eliminação de gorduras e combater o excesso de colesterol. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura científica sobre a espécie Solanum melongena (berinjela) da família Solanaceae, associado a redução de gorduras no organismo. Para este fim foram consultados vinte e cinco referências.

High cholesterol is considered one of the most important factors for the coronary arterial disease development. As a result, effective treatments with medicine were developed to fight it; even so, they present high cost and collateral effects. Considering this fact, patients have required treatments using popular and scientific well-known food whose effect is to decrease the fat rate. Several researches are being carried out with eggplant with the objective of investigating their possible effects in the reduction of the blood fat. The species Solanum melongena has been the target of several studies due to its popular use in weight-loss diets, as it increases the elimination of fat and fights the exceeding cholesterol. This work aims at showing a literature review about the species Solanum melongena, of the family Solanaceae, associated with the reduction of fats by the organism. For this purpose twenty-five references were consulted.

Optimization of RAPD Reaction System and Analysis of "HANGQIE-5" Eggplant Generated by Space Mutagenesis / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To analyze the new breeding of eggplant "HANGQIE-5"(HQ-5) generated by space mutagenesis with RAPD,identify the differential RAPD bands,and try to provide molecular proofs for space mutation breeding.Methods Dry seeds of two eggplants "Tianshuichangqie(TSCQ)" and Longguoyuanqie(LGYQ) were carried by "shenzhou-4" and "shenzhou-3"spaceship.Two mutant lines "TSCQ-MUT-4" and "LGYQ-MUT-4" were selected after four generations of self-cross of TSCQ and LGYQ.A new variety of "HQ-5" was selected by crossing the two lines of "TSCQ-MUT-4" and "LGYQ-MUT-4",which were male and female,respectively.The RAPD reaction system was optimized with orthogonal design and further RAPD analysis was applied.Results The RAPD reaction system was determined as follows: DNA: 40 ng,dNTPs: 7.5 nmol,primer: 10 ng,and rTaq polymerase: 1.25 U.The RAPD results displayed that TSCQ-MUT-4 produced four differential bands compared with its wild type,while LGYQ-MUT-4 produced one,through space flight.Six differential fragments were amplified between HQ-5 and the paternal/maternal.HQ-5 not only shared the common fragments with its parents,but also held some particular ones,which were stably inherited.Conclusion The results indicate that space mutagenesis could cause mutations in DNA of plants,and is helpful to generate a new breeding.

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Phytoremediation of Soil Rhizosphere Spiked with Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Results from an innovative approach to improve remediation in the rhizosphere by encouraging healthy plant growth and thus enhancing microbial activity are reported. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Am) on remediation efficacy of wheat, mungbean and eggplant grown in soil spiked with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was assessed in a pot experiment. The results of this study showed that Am inoculation enhanced dissipation amount of PAHs in planted soil, plant uptake PAHs, dissipation amount of PAHs in planted versus unplanted spiked soil and loss of PAHs by the plant-promoted biodegradation. A number of parameters were monitored including plant shoot and root dry weight, plant tissue water content, plant chlorophyll, root lipid content, oxido-reductase enzyme activities in plant and soil rhizosphere and total microbial count in the rhizospheric soil. The observed physiological data indicate that plant growth and tolerance increased with Am, but reduced by PAH. This was reflected by levels of mycorrhizal root colonization which were higher for mungbean, moderate for wheat and low for eggplant. Levels of Am colonization increased on mungbean > wheat > eggplant. This is consistent with the efficacy of plant in dissipation of PAHs in spiked soil. Highly significant positive correlations were shown between of arbuscular formation in root segments (A)) and plant water content, root lipids, peroxidase, catalase polyphenol oxidase and total microbial count in soil rhizosphere as well as PAH dissipation in spiked soil. As consequence of the treatment with Am, the plants provide a greater sink for the contaminants since they are better able to survive and grow.

Soft Rot of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum in Korea

In April 2002 and 2003, soft rot on fruit of eggplant (Solanum melongena) caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum was observed in the experimental fields at Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea. The disease began with water-soaking and dark-green lesions, and then the infected tissues were rapidly rotten. Sporangium was subglobose in shape and sized 40~130 microm. Monosporous sporangiola were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid, brown in color, and measured as 12~20 x 6~14 microm. Sporangiospores having three or more appendages were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid in shape, dark brown or brown in color, and sized 14~20 x 7~16 microm. The fungus grew well on potato dextrose agar between 15 and 40degrees C and its optimum growth temperature was 30degrees C. Based on morphological characteristics, the causal fungus of the fruit soft rot of eggplant was identified as C. cucurbitarum. This is the first report on the soft rot of S. melongena caused by C. cucurbitarum in Korea.

A case of latex fruit syndrome caused by spinach and eggplant / 대한내과학회지

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a widely consumed vegetable, but rarely causes allergic reactions. Spinach contains plenty of histamine derivatives, so it is sometimes difficult to distinguish food allergy from pharmacologic effect of histamine itself in susceptible individuals. Latex exhibits strong cross reactivity with proteins from different fruits, vegetables, and grains, which is called as latex fruit syndrome. A 27 year old female visited emergency room with hives, facial swelling, dyspnea and palpitation immediately after meal. She had been suffering from latex allergy and had experienced an episode of anaphylaxis after eating eggplant 5 months earlier. Skin prick test with spinach extract was positive. Specific IgE to spinach antigens was detected by ELISA. ELISA inhibition test revealed that there is cross reactivity between latex and spinach. Two IgE binding components were detected between 22kD and 36kD, and another two between 16kD and 22kD on IgE-immunoblot analysis.