Résumé
Abstract The program Eu Pertenço ao Meu Futuro! (I Belong to My Future!) has evidence of effectiveness in the career adaptability of 9th-year Portuguese students. This study evaluates its effectiveness in two consecutive school years, 2015/16 and 2016/17 - a period with a series of government changes that impacted school educational projects. This study was conducted with 2,376 students (1201 (50.5%) boys; age M = 14.53 years; SD = .836), 1138 of whom were randomized into the experimental group and 816 in the control group. Data were collected by means of the Adaptability Scale, administered in a pre- and posttest with a seven-weeks interval, and treated using the MANOVA. The intervention achieved the expected results regarding confidence and control in 2016/17. The program had different effects in the two school years, reaching more favorable outcomes in the second year, which may be explained by contextual factors and the intervention process.
Resumo O programa Eu Pertenço ao Meu Futuro! tem evidências de eficácia na adaptabilidade de carreira de alunos/as portugueses do 9.º ano escolar. Contudo, variações desta eficácia, nunca foram analisadas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia daquele em dois anos letivos consecutivos, 2015/16 e 2016/17, período de mudanças governamentais, com impacto nos projetos educativos das escolas. Participaram 2376 alunos/as [1201 (50.5%) rapazes; idade M = 14.53 anos; DP = .836], 1138 do grupo experimental e 816 do grupo de controlo. Respostas à Escala sobre Adaptabilidade, num pré e pós-teste, intervalados sete semanas, foram tratadas por meio da MANOVA. Os resultados indicam que a intervenção atingiu resultados esperados, na confiança e no controlo, em 2016/17. O programa teve efeitos distintos nos dois anos letivos, mais favoráveis no segundo ano. Torna-se necessário considerar os fatores contextuais e do processo da intervenção que possam explicar tais efeitos.
Resumen El programa Eu Pertenço ao Meu Futuro! ("¡Pertenezco a mi futuro!") tiene evidencia de eficacia en la adaptación de los/las estudiantes portugueses/as del 9.º año. Pero todavía no se han estudiado las variaciones de esta eficacia. Este estudio pretende evaluar la eficacia de esta adaptación en dos años escolares consecutivos, 2015/16 y 2016/17, un período de cambios de gobierno con impactos en los proyectos educativos escolares. Participaron 2.376 estudiantes [1.201 (50,5%) niños; edad M = 14,53 años; DE = .836], 1.138 del grupo experimental y 816 del grupo control. Las respuestas a la Escala de Adaptabilidad, en un pre-test y post-test, con un intervalo de siete semanas, se trataron con MANOVA. Los resultados indican que la intervención logró los resultados esperados en confianza y control en el 2016/17. El programa tuvo diferentes efectos en los años escolares, más favorables en el segundo año. Es necesario considerar los factores contextuales y el proceso de intervención que pueden explicar tales efectos.
Sujets)
Humains , Adolescent , Orientation professionnelle , Choix de carrière , Compliance , Intervention psychosocialeRésumé
Background: Globally, the oil industry is replete with several high-risk activities as seen in seismic exploration, construction, drilling, production, and maintenance. Generated hazards could impact exposed workers. Exposure to associated hazards and rigour of activities usually puts workers in oil and gas installations at risk of developing several occupational illnesses. Environmental problems have also been reportedly associated with these activities as well. This study was thus aimed at determining the perceived environmental effects and morbidity patterns among staff of an oil and gas installation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used in conducting this study in an onshore oil and gas hub in Nigeria. Study group comprised engineers and technicians of various oil and gas specialties. A random sampling method was used to select 256 personnel from the study population. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the personnel of the facility. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions (SPSS) version 17.0 (statistical software package) for analyses. Ethical considerations were adhered to during this study. Results: Common complaints include transient tinnitus (97.3%), joint pain of varying degrees (83.6%), occasional prickling sensation in the skin (78.1%) and the lowest frequency of health effects was claims of stressful feeling (56.6%). Environmental problems including the destruction of aquatic biodiversity as well as water contamination were reported in this study. Conclusion: This study found experience of several morbidities by the respondents. They also reported observation of certain environmental problems related with oil exploratory activities at the oil and gas installation. It is recommended that a regular review of measures be put in place to prevent these health and environmental problems from occurring in or around oil and gas installation located in Nigeria
Résumé
Abstract The effects of extreme droughts on freshwater fish remain unknown worldwide. In this paper, we estimated the condition factor, a measure of relative fitness based on the relationship of body weight to length, in four fish species representing two trophic levels (omnivores and piscivores) from Amazonian floodplain lakes for three consecutive years: 2004, 2005 (an anomalous drought year), and 2006. The two omnivores, Colossoma macropomum and Mylossoma duriventre, exhibited trends consistent with their life cycles in 2004 and 2006: high values during the hydrologic seasons of high water, receding water, and low water, with a drop following reproduction following the onset of rising water. However during the drought year of 2005 the condition factor was much lower than normal during receding and low water seasons, probably as a result of an abnormal reduction in resource availability in a reduced habitat. The two piscivorous piranhas, Serrasalmus spilopleura and S. elongatus, maintained relatively stable values of condition factor over the hydrologic cycles of all three years, with no apparent effect of the drought, probably because the reduction in habitat is counterbalanced by the resulting increase in relative prey density. We suggest that if predictions of increasing drought in the Amazon are correct, predatory species may benefit, at least in the short run, while omnivores may be negatively affected.
Resumo Os efeitos de secas extremas sobre peixes de água doce ainda é globalmente desconhecido. Neste artigo, nós estimamos o fator de condição, uma medida relativa de bem estar baseada na relação entre e peso do corpo e o comprimento, em quatro espécies de peixes de lagos da Amazônia, pertencentes a dois níveis tróficos (onívoros e carnívoros), capturadas durante três anos consecutivos: 2004, 2005 (quando ocorreu uma seca anômala) e 2006. As duas espécies onívoras, Colossoma macropomum e Mylossoma duriventre exibiram tendências consistentes com seu ciclo de vida nos anos de 2004 e 2006: valores mais altos na cheia, vazante e seca, seguida por uma queda na enchente que coincide com a estação reprodutiva. No entanto, o fator de condição foi muito menor durante a seca e a enchente em 2005, provavelmente devido a redução anormal na disponibilidade de recursos em um habitat reduzido. As duas espécies piscívoras, as piranhas Serrasalmus spilopleura e S. elongatus, mantiveram relativa estabilidade nas estimativas do fator d condição, ao longo do ciclo hidrológico dos três anos, sem efeito aparente da seca extrema, provavelmente porque a redução do habitat foi contrabalanceada pelo aumento na densidade de presas. Caso as predições de aumento de frequência de secas extremas venha a se confirmar, acreditamos que espécies predadoras poderão ser beneficiadas, ao menos no curto prazo, enquanto as onívoras serão negativamente afetadas.
Sujets)
Animaux , Lacs , Écosystème , Sécheresses , Characidae/physiologie , Cycle de l'eauRésumé
Abstract The effects of extreme droughts on freshwater fish remain unknown worldwide. In this paper, we estimated the condition factor, a measure of relative fitness based on the relationship of body weight to length, in four fish species representing two trophic levels (omnivores and piscivores) from Amazonian floodplain lakes for three consecutive years: 2004, 2005 (an anomalous drought year), and 2006. The two omnivores, Colossoma macropomum and Mylossoma duriventre, exhibited trends consistent with their life cycles in 2004 and 2006: high values during the hydrologic seasons of high water, receding water, and low water, with a drop following reproduction following the onset of rising water. However during the drought year of 2005 the condition factor was much lower than normal during receding and low water seasons, probably as a result of an abnormal reduction in resource availability in a reduced habitat. The two piscivorous piranhas, Serrasalmus spilopleura and S. elongatus, maintained relatively stable values of condition factor over the hydrologic cycles of all three years, with no apparent effect of the drought, probably because the reduction in habitat is counterbalanced by the resulting increase in relative prey density. We suggest that if predictions of increasing drought in the Amazon are correct, predatory species may benefit, at least in the short run, while omnivores may be negatively affected.
Resumo Os efeitos de secas extremas sobre peixes de água doce ainda é globalmente desconhecido. Neste artigo, nós estimamos o fator de condição, uma medida relativa de bem estar baseada na relação entre e peso do corpo e o comprimento, em quatro espécies de peixes de lagos da Amazônia, pertencentes a dois níveis tróficos (onívoros e carnívoros), capturadas durante três anos consecutivos: 2004, 2005 (quando ocorreu uma seca anômala) e 2006. As duas espécies onívoras, Colossoma macropomum e Mylossoma duriventre exibiram tendências consistentes com seu ciclo de vida nos anos de 2004 e 2006: valores mais altos na cheia, vazante e seca, seguida por uma queda na enchente que coincide com a estação reprodutiva. No entanto, o fator de condição foi muito menor durante a seca e a enchente em 2005, provavelmente devido a redução anormal na disponibilidade de recursos em um habitat reduzido. As duas espécies piscívoras, as piranhas Serrasalmus spilopleura e S. elongatus, mantiveram relativa estabilidade nas estimativas do fator d condição, ao longo do ciclo hidrológico dos três anos, sem efeito aparente da seca extrema, provavelmente porque a redução do habitat foi contrabalanceada pelo aumento na densidade de presas. Caso as predições de aumento de frequência de secas extremas venha a se confirmar, acreditamos que espécies predadoras poderão ser beneficiadas, ao menos no curto prazo, enquanto as onívoras serão negativamente afetadas.
Résumé
The flood pulse is a key factor that drives the biota of large rivers with adjacent floodplains, but the direction and intensity of its effects are not uniform for all trophic guilds of fish. In this study, we tested the existence of intra- and inter-annual changes in the relative condition factors (kn) of three Curimatidae: Potamorhina altamazonica, Potamorhina latior, and Psectrogaster rutiloides. We used weight and length data from fish that were caught in eight floodplain lakes of the Rio Solimões. These data were from experimental fisheries during each season of the hydrological cycle: flooding, flood, drying, and dry from 2004, 2005, and 2006. In general, there are similar patterns of intra-annual changes for these three species, with the highest estimates of kn during high water conditions. The lowest values were observed during the drying and dry seasons of 2005, when an extreme drought occurred in the Amazon basin. Higher values were observed during the same seasons in the year post-drought. We hypothesized that these patterns would be explained by the biological characteristics of these species and the effects of intra-annual hydrological changes, mainly the flood pulse effect, and by inter-annual climatic events, which are determined by global climate phenomena.
O pulso de inundação é considerado um fator chave no direcionamento da biota de grandes rios associados a área de várzea, mas a direção e intensidade dos efeitos do pulso de inundação não são uniformes para todas as guildas tróficas dos peixes. Neste estudo, nós testamos a existência de mudanças intra e inter-anuais no fator de condição (Kn) de três curimatideos: Potamorhina altamazonica, Potamorhina latior e Psectrogaster rutiloides. Foram usados dados de peso e comprimento de peixes capturados em oito lagos, localizados na planície aluvial do rio Solimões. Estes dados foram obtidos em pescarias experimentais realizadas em quatro fases do ciclo hidrológico: enchente, cheia, vazante e seca nos anos de 2004, 2005 e 2006. Observamos um padrão similar de variação intra-anual para as três espécies, com maiores valores de Kn durante o período de águas altas. O valor mais baixo foi observado no período de vazante e seca em 2005 quando ocorreu um evento de seca extrema na bacia. Valores altos foram observados, durante o mesmo período, no ano posterior a seca. Consideramos que estes padrões são explicados pelas características biológicas das espécies e pelo efeito das mudanças ambientais determinadas pelo efeito do pulso de inundação, além da contribuição de eventos climáticos em escala global.
Résumé
Desde las épocas tempranas del surgimiento y desarrollo del hombre, se tuvo la necesidad de combatir las plagas que afectaban sus cultivos y productos con el uso de sustancias capaces de eliminarlos. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer los aspectos fundamentales de los plaguicidas relacionados con la salud humana y el ecosistema. Las temáticas abordadas incluyeron: la historia de su uso, la clasificación, los usos más frecuentes, los efectos sobre el medio ambiente y la salud humana y las alternativas de su empleo. Se ha acumulado suficiente evidencia de los riesgos que conlleva el uso excesivo e indiscriminado de los plaguicidas para la salud y el ambiente(AU)
Ever since early stages in the development of mankind, there has been a need to fight pests affecting crops and products with the use of substances capable of eliminating them. A presentation is provided of the main effects of pesticides on human health and the ecosystem. The following topics are dealt with: history of the use of pesticides, classification, most common uses, effects on the environment and human health, and alternatives to their employment. Enough evidence has been gathered about the risks posed by the excessive, indiscriminate use of pesticides for health and the environment(AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Utilisation de Pesticides , Écosystème , Impacts sur la Santé/prévention et contrôle , Exposition Aux Pesticides , Pesticides/effets indésirables , Conservation des ressources naturelles/histoireRésumé
Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., Myrtaceae, found in Central Brazilian Cerrado and popularly known as "goiaba-brava", belongs to the Myrcia genus, which has several species with medicinal properties such as: hypoglycemic, diuretic, hypotensive, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and antitumor. The present study aimed to analyzed the environmental influence on concentrations of phenolic metabolites in M. tomentosa leaves. Compounds assayed in the leaves were: total phenols, tannins by protein precipitation, hydrolysable tannins and total flavonoids and mineral nutrients, while soil fertility was also analyzed, all over during one year. The results were submitted to Pearson Correlation Analysis and stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis to investigate the relationship between phenolics and environment data. Analysis of variance and Cluster Analysis allowed indicated a high variability in samples from different sites. The results obtained suggests that content of phenolics from M. tomentosa leaves are influenced by environmental factors, particularly some foliar nutrients (N1, Ca1 and Mn1), soil nutrients (Ca s and Ks) and Rainfall.
Résumé
La producción de alimentos se basa en el uso de diferentes tecnologías agrícolas, que pueden derivar en conflictos entre medioambiente y agricultura. Es significativo estudiar el impacto ambiental de las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la agricultura, la más importante de las cuales es la transgénesis. Este trabajo se realizó en la zona algodonera del municipio del Espinal, departamento del Tolima, para la cosecha de algodón del primer semestre de 2009, usando las metodologías de Brookes y Barfoot (2006) y Kovach y colaboradores (1992). Se estudió el efecto ambiental de la aplicación de agroquímicos y el uso de maquinaria agrícola en cultivos de algodón transgénico y convencional. Se recogió información mediante encuestas en veinte fincas productoras de algodón. El análisis de las encuestas se realizó de forma descriptiva, determinando diferencias de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo para los predios que utilizan la tecnología convencional o la tecnología transgénicas (doble gen, Bt/RR), para luego realizar una correlación con el Enviromental Index Quotient (EIQ). No se encontraron diferencias entre el EIQ de campo de las dos tecnologías, aunque la tecnología transgénica tiene ventajas ambientales en el control de algunas plagas de lepidópteros. En relación con el uso de maquinaria agrícola, se encontró que la tecnología convencional genera menor liberación de CO2, gas de efecto invernadero. La metodología de Brookes y Barfoot puede adaptarse para estudios comparativos de tecnologías agrícolas en países tropicales.
Food production is based on the use of various agricultural technologies, which can lead to conflicts between environment and agriculture. It is important to study the environmental impact of new technologies applied to agriculture, the most important of which is transgenesis. This work was carried out in the cotton belt of the town of Espinal, Tolima Department for the cotton crop in the first half of 2009, through methodologies Brookes & Barfoot (2006) and Kovach et al (1992). We studied the environmental impact of pesticide application and use of agricultural machinery for cultivation of transgenic and conventional cotton. Information was collected through surveys of 20 farms producing cotton. The analysis of the survey was conducted descriptively, by determining differences in quantitative and qualitative for the sites that use conventional technology, and transgenic (Bt gene and double RR / RR), and then make a correlation with the Environmental Index Quotient (EIQ). No differences were found between the fields EIQ the two technologies, although transgenic technology has environmental advantages in the control of some lepidopteran pests. In connection with the use of agricultural machinery, was found to conventional technology generates less release of CO2, greenhouse gas. The Brookes and Barfoot methodology could be adapted in comparative studies of agricultural technologies in tropical countries.
Sujets)
Polluants environnementaux/analyse , Polluants environnementaux/effets indésirables , Gossypium/croissance et développement , Gossypium/effets indésirables , Gossypium/enzymologie , Gossypium/physiologie , Gossypium/génétique , Gossypium/immunologie , Gossypium/parasitologie , Gossypium/toxicité , Exposition environnementale/analyse , Exposition environnementale/effets indésirables , Exposition environnementale/statistiques et données numériques , Exposition environnementale/prévention et contrôleRésumé
El presente trabajo constituye una investigación referencial sobre los efectos que las acciones humanas causan a la tierra al utilizar inadecuadamente los recursos y las medidas que se deben tomar, con el objetivo de crear conciencia para evitar la venganza del planeta si colapsara como medio de sustento de los seres vivientes en ese proceso de acción antropogénica y reacción física del planeta Gaia (metáfora de Lovelock). Se describen las características físicas de Gaia. Se discuten los tres impactos ambientales globales: Efecto Invernadero, Calentamiento y Cambio Climático y Ruptura de la Capa de Ozono; y se esbozan las principales acciones institucionales e individuales para evitar/retardar la venganza de la tierra.
The present paper aims to describe the results of human actions on Planet Earth, due mainly to inadequate use of natural resources and discuss eventual measures that should be applied as to generate cousciousness and avoid theplanet´s revenge as a collapse of its capabilities for human sustenance within the process of anthropogenic and physical reaction of the planet: Gaia (Lovelock´s metaphor). Physical characteristics of Gaia are described. The three main environnental global impacts are discussed: green house effect, global warning, climate change and ozone layer hole. Institutional and individual actions aimed to avoid/delay earth´s revenge are outlined.