Economics of Cabbage Production Under Different Levels of Integrated Nutrient Management in Varanasi Region of Uttar Pradesh, India

The excess use of chemical fertilizers is hazardous for soil and environmental health. To reduce the level of chemical fertilizers the field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2016-17 at horticulture research farm, Department of Horticulture, U. P. College, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments. These treatments were replicated thrice. The treatments included various levels of NPK, FYM, vermicompost, Phosphorus Solubilizing Mycorrhiza. Economic analysis of different treatments of cabbage production in Varanasi region (Uttar Pradesh) revealed variation in net capital investment. The results show that among different integrated nutrient management (INM) levels, half dose of NPK ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 2.5 tons ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5kg ha-1 + Phosphorus Solubilizing Mycorrhiza @ 5 kg ha-1 has highest net return followed by half dose of NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 15 tons ha-1 + Phosphorus Solubilizing Mycorrhiza @ 5 kg ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1. Lowest net return was observed with half dose treatment of NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 15 t ha-1. Cabbage crop nutrition by supplying recommended dose of NPK ha-1 (150 kg: 125 kg: 100 kg) recorded highest cost-benefit ratio (3.11) while, half dose of NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 15 t ha-1 gives lowest cost-benefit ratio (2.05) among the all INM levels.

Effect of the Combined Nutrient Fertilization on Elephant Foot Yam under Coastal Condition

As the demand for chemical fertilizers has seen a steep upward trend which has resulted in damage of soil as well as human health. Integrated use of chemical fertilizers along with organic manures has been seen as a alternative method to reduce the dependence upon chemical fertilizers. Hence a the field experiment was carried out to study the effect of intergrated nutrient management practices on available nitrogen, phosphorus, potash in soil along with uptake and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsan) cv. Gajendra. The study was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments with three replications. Corms were cut into pieces weighing 800 g for planting, dipped in cow dung slurry and placed for drying. After drying, they are placed in the pits and covered with soil. The treatments comprised of three levels of Farmyard manure (FYM) (20 t ha-1), Vermicompost (5 t ha-1), consortium bio fertilizer (5 Kg ha-1) and organic manures of different combinations. The observations of soil properties were recorded before and after harvesting. From the study it was observed that soil organic content was increased significantly due to the application of organic manures along with biofertilizers, whereas soil physical and chemical properties were unaffected.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield Parameters of Maize (Zea mays.) (Poaceae)

Aim: To study effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.).Study Design: A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm, school of agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India during kharif season of 2022.Methodology: The experiment trail was laid out in randomized block design. It consisted of three replications with ten treatment combinations i.e. T1- 100% Recommended dose fertilizers (RDF) + Farmyard manure(FYM)15 t ha-1;, T2- 100% RDF + Vermicompost7.5 t ha-1;, T3-100% RDF + seed priming with Biofertilizers (Azotobacter), T4- 75% RDF + FYM 11 t ha-1;, T5- 75% RDF + Vermicompost 5.6 t ha-1;, T6-75% RDF +seed priming with Biofertilizers (Azotobacter);,T7- 50% RDF basal dose + Nano urea spray 0.15% (25 and 50 Days After Sowing);, T8- 50% RDF basal dose + Nano urea spray0.30% (25 and 50 DAS);, T9- Vermicompost 3.5 t ha-1 + seed priming with Biofertilizers (Azotobacter); T10- control.Results: The results showed that application of T2 100% RDF + Vermicompost 7.5 t ha-1 had significant effect on growth and yield of maize. The plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation were also significantly higher in T2followed by T1100% RDF + FYM 15 t ha-1. The highest grain yield (64.36 q ha-1) was obtained in T2 followed by T1 (63.6 q ha-1), T3 (57.92 q ha-1) andT8 (56.16 q ha-1).Conclusion: Overall, the results and the study suggest the use of integrated nutrient management can improve the growth and yield of maize and provide sustainable solution to meet the nutrient requirements of the crop.

Study on Different Sources of Organic Manures in Comparison with RDF on Growth and Yield of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2022 at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Division of Agronomy, Coimbatore, to study the different sources of organic manures in comparison with RDF on growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of T1 - Absolute control, T2 - RDF 100% (Inorganic), T3 - Vermicompost 100% on N equivalent basis, T4 - Farmyard manure 100% on N equivalent basis, T5 - Farmyard manure 50% + Vermicompost 50%, T6 - RDF 50% + Farmyard manure 50%, T7 - RDF 50% + Vermicompost 50%, T8 - RDF 50% + Farmyard manure 25% + Vermicompost 25%. Therefore from this experiment the results concluded that application of RDF 100% (Inorganic) significantly recorded maximum plant height (228.76 cm), total dry matter production (13485 kg ha-1), leaf area index (LAI) (5.80), chlorophyll content (SPAD) (37.89), grain yield (3770 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6600 kg ha-1) respectively.

Effect of Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Root Yield of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Beetroot cultivation is benefited from the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers such as compost or manure improve soil fertility, enhance nutrient availability, and promote microbial activity. Inorganic fertilizers provide precise nutrient ratios and are readily available for immediate plant uptake. Combining organic and inorganic fertilizers ensures a balanced nutrient supply, promoting healthy growth, improved yield, and nutrient-rich beetroot production. The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm (HRF), Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi-2022 with a view to identify the best treatment combination that performed in the Prayagraj region. The treatments comprised of T1 (Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF)), T2 (75% (RDF) +25% (FYM)), T3 (75% (RDF) +25% (Vermicompost)), T4 (75% (RDF) +25% (Poultry Manure)), T5 (50% (RDF) + 50% (FYM)), T6 (50%(RDF) +50% (Vermicompost)), T7 (50%(RDF) +50% (Poultry Manure)), T8 (25% (RDF) + 75% (FYM)), T9 (25% (RDF) +75% (Vermicompost)), T10 (25% (RDF) +75% (Poultry Manure)), T11 (75% (RDF) + 12.5% (Poultry Manure) + 12.5% (Vermicompost)), T12 (50% (RDF) +25% (FYM) +25 % (Poultry Manure)) and T13 (25% (RDF)+ 50% (FYM)+ 25% (Vermicompost)). From the above experimental finding it is concluded that the treatment T11 (75% (RDF) + 12.5% (Poultry Manure) + 12.5% (Vermicompost)) was found to be best in the terms of growth and yield among different treatment combinations of Beet root.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of irrigated black gram. Pulses are also known as food legumes and they are second only to cereals in terms of production and consumption in India. A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm of Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu during rabi season, (2022-2023) to Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on growth and yield of irrigated blackgram crop with seven treatments and three replications under Randomized block design (RBD). The results indicated that the treatment with 50% RDF + 25% farmyard manure (FYM) + 25% Vermicompost (T7) performed well among all the treatments and recorded higher plant height (36.73cm), total dry matter production (2325 kg ha-1), grain yield (930 kg ha-1), stover yield ( 1395 kg ha-1), number of pods (20.65). The net return (25892 Rs ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.88) was recorded higher in 100% RDF.

Study of Different Sources of Organic Manures in Comparison with RDF on Growth and Yield of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the different sources of organic manures in comparison with recommended dose fertilizer (RDF) on greengram at South farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, India. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice during kharif and rabi seasons of 2022. The field study comprised of nine treatments, two organic treatments with sole organic manures at 100% on N equivalent basis (vermicompost, farmyard manure) another three treatments consisted of 25%, 50% and 75% combination of each manure. These two organic manures (vermicompost, farmyard manure) were combined with 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizers (12.5:25:12.5 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) as a combination of organic and inorganic treatments and one sole 100% inorganic treatment through inorganic fertilizer (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1). A control treatment was maintained in the layout to compare the performance of all the treatments. The results showed that among the different combinations of organic and inorganic treatments, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer through inorganic (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) (T7) fertilizer significantly enhanced the growth and yield of greengram which was closely followed by vermicompost 100% on N equivalent basis.

Agronomic efficiency and profitability of cotton on integrated use of phosphorus and plant microbes / Eficiência e rentabilidade agronômica do algodão no uso integrado de fósforo e micróbios vegetais

Cotton crop, plays a significant role in Pakistan's economy by ruling a prominent place in edible oil and local textile industry. Phosphorus (P) inaccessibility and deficiency of soil organic matter are the key restraints for low crop productivity in cotton. Therefore, a two years field study was designed during 2014-15, to explore the influence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and inanimate sources of P on various physiological, growth, yield and quality parameters of cotton crop at CCRI Multan. Field responses of seeds inoculated with two distinctive phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) strains viz. S0 = control, S1 =strain-1, S2 = strain-2 and eight organic, inorganic P sources viz., P0= control, P1 = 80 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P2 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM, P3 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM, P4 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P5 = 40 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P6 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P7 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source and P8 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from PM were evaluated. Results revealed that inoculation of seeds with PSB and collective use of inorganic and organic sources of P had considerably increased the yield contributing attributes in cotton. However, the treatment P7 (80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source) in coincidence with seeds inoculated with PSB (S1) produced taller plant, maximum boll weight, significantly higher LAI and CGR. Significantly higher seed cotton yield, lint yield, fiber length and maximum BCR of 1.95 and 1.81 was also obtained from the P7 treatment during both crop-growing seasons. In conclusion, combined use of 80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source and cotton seeds inoculated with strain-1 improved phosphorus uptake ensuing in greater consumption of photo-assimilates for maximum growth and yield.

A safra de algodão, desempenha um papel significativo na economia do Paquistão, ao ocupar um lugar de destaque no óleo comestível e na indústria têxtil local. A inacessibilidade e a deficiência de fósforo (P) da matéria orgânica do solo são as principais restrições para a baixa produtividade das culturas em algodão. Portanto, um estudo de campo de dois anos foi desenvolvido durante 2014-15, para explorar a influência de bactérias solubilizantes de fosfato (PSB), esterco de capoeira (FYM), esterco de aves (PM) e fontes inanimadas de P sobre vários fatores fisiológicos, crescimento, rendimento e parâmetros de qualidade da cultura do algodão no CCRI Multan. Respostas de campo de sementes inoculadas com duas cepas distintas de bactérias solubilizantes de fosfato (PSB) viz. S0 = controle, S1 = cepa-1, S2 = cepa-2 e oito fontes orgânicas de P inorgânicas viz., P0 = controle, P1 = 80 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P2 = 80 kg ha-1 P de FYM, P3 = 80 kg ha-1 P de PM, P4 = 40 kg ha-1 P de FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P5 = 40 kg ha-1 P de PM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P6 = 80 kg ha-1 P de FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P7 = 80 kg ha-1 P de PM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica e P8 = 40 Foram avaliados kg ha-1 P da FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P da PM. Os resultados revelaram que a inoculação de sementes com PSB e o uso coletivo de fontes inorgânicas e orgânicas de P aumentaram consideravelmente os atributos que contribuem para a produtividade no algodão. No entanto, o tratamento P7 (80 kg P ha-1 da PM + 40 kg P ha-1 da fonte inorgânica) em coincidência com sementes inoculadas com PSB (S1) produziu planta mais alta, peso máximo de cápsula, IAF e CGR significativamente maiores. Produtividade significativamente maior do algodão, rendimento de fiapos, comprimento da fibra e BCR máximo de 1,95 e 1,81 também foi obtida a partir do tratamento P7 durante as duas épocas de cultivo. Em conclusão, o uso combinado de 80 kg P ha-1 de PM + 40 kg P ha-1 de fonte inorgânica e sementes de algodão inoculadas com a cepa-1 melhoraram a captação de fósforo, resultando em maior consumo de foto assimilados para obter crescimento e produtividade máximos.

Agronomic efficiency and profitability of cotton on integrated use of phosphorus and plant microbes

Abstract Cotton crop, plays a significant role in Pakistans economy by ruling a prominent place in edible oil and local textile industry. Phosphorus (P) inaccessibility and deficiency of soil organic matter are the key restraints for low crop productivity in cotton. Therefore, a two years field study was designed during 2014-15, to explore the influence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and inanimate sources of P on various physiological, growth, yield and quality parameters of cotton crop at CCRI Multan. Field responses of seeds inoculated with two distinctive phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) strains viz. S0 = control, S1 =strain-1, S2 = strain-2 and eight organic, inorganic P sources viz., P0= control, P1 = 80 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P2 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM, P3 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM, P4 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P5 = 40 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P6 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P7 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source and P8 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from PM were evaluated. Results revealed that inoculation of seeds with PSB and collective use of inorganic and organic sources of P had considerably increased the yield contributing attributes in cotton. However, the treatment P7 (80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source) in coincidence with seeds inoculated with PSB (S1) produced taller plant, maximum boll weight, significantly higher LAI and CGR. Significantly higher seed cotton yield, lint yield, fiber length and maximum BCR of 1.95 and 1.81 was also obtained from the P7 treatment during both crop-growing seasons. In conclusion, combined use of 80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source and cotton seeds inoculated with strain-1 improved phosphorus uptake ensuing in greater consumption of photo-assimilates for maximum growth and yield.

Resumo A safra de algodão, desempenha um papel significativo na economia do Paquistão, ao ocupar um lugar de destaque no óleo comestível e na indústria têxtil local. A inacessibilidade e a deficiência de fósforo (P) da matéria orgânica do solo são as principais restrições para a baixa produtividade das culturas em algodão. Portanto, um estudo de campo de dois anos foi desenvolvido durante 2014-15, para explorar a influência de bactérias solubilizantes de fosfato (PSB), esterco de capoeira (FYM), esterco de aves (PM) e fontes inanimadas de P sobre vários fatores fisiológicos, crescimento, rendimento e parâmetros de qualidade da cultura do algodão no CCRI Multan. Respostas de campo de sementes inoculadas com duas cepas distintas de bactérias solubilizantes de fosfato (PSB) viz. S0 = controle, S1 = cepa-1, S2 = cepa-2 e oito fontes orgânicas de P inorgânicas viz., P0 = controle, P1 = 80 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P2 = 80 kg ha-1 P de FYM, P3 = 80 kg ha-1 P de PM, P4 = 40 kg ha-1 P de FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P5 = 40 kg ha-1 P de PM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P6 = 80 kg ha-1 P de FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica, P7 = 80 kg ha-1 P de PM + 40 kg ha-1 P de fonte inorgânica e P8 = 40 Foram avaliados kg ha-1 P da FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P da PM. Os resultados revelaram que a inoculação de sementes com PSB e o uso coletivo de fontes inorgânicas e orgânicas de P aumentaram consideravelmente os atributos que contribuem para a produtividade no algodão. No entanto, o tratamento P7 (80 kg P ha-1 da PM + 40 kg P ha-1 da fonte inorgânica) em coincidência com sementes inoculadas com PSB (S1) produziu planta mais alta, peso máximo de cápsula, IAF e CGR significativamente maiores. Produtividade significativamente maior do algodão, rendimento de fiapos, comprimento da fibra e BCR máximo de 1,95 e 1,81 também foi obtida a partir do tratamento P7 durante as duas épocas de cultivo. Em conclusão, o uso combinado de 80 kg P ha-1 de PM + 40 kg P ha-1 de fonte inorgânica e sementes de algodão inoculadas com a cepa-1 melhoraram a captação de fósforo, resultando em maior consumo de foto assimilados para obter crescimento e produtividade máximos.