RÉSUMÉ
@#Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors in the central nervous system，and more than half of them are WHO grade IV glioblastomas. Even if surgery，concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were applied，median survival of GBM patients is still only 14.2 months. Immunosuppression is an important feature of malignant glioma. Immunotherapy which reverse immunosuppression may be the most promising way to improve the treatment effect of glioma patients in recent years. This article reviews the recent progress of glioma immunotherapy and the research progress of regulatory T cells（Treg）and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor（GITR）in the glioma microenvironment. We hope this article will provides new research ideas for glioma immunotherapy.
RÉSUMÉ
Glioma,especially glioblastoma,is one of the most common malignancies in the central nervous system.Traditional surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy did not significantly change the survival time of gliomas.Invasive growth,high heterogeneity and existence of glioma stem cell are the main causes of tumor recurrence.In addition,various immune cells and cytokines secreted by them in tumor microenvironment,as well as their activation status,are the key factors affecting tumor progress and effecacy of various immunotherapy.Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of IL-1 gene family,and in recent years,it has been confirmed that IL-33 is highly expressed in some brain tumors,and IL-33 is the main coordinator of microenvironment regulation in brain tumors.In this paper,we will introduce the immunosuppressive state of brain tumors and their microenvironment and the limitation of tumor growth and immunotherapy,and recent advance that cytokine regulate and intervene the microenvironment of glioma to adapt tumor-lytic virus-immunotherapy.
RÉSUMÉ
Glioma is one of the most common primary tumors in the human brain with poor prognosis. The local and systemic immunosuppressive environment created by glioma cells enables them to evade immunosurveillance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a critical component of the immunosuppression system. They are a heterogeneous cell population composed of early myeloid progenitor cells and precursor cells. Although the cells are diverse in phenotypes and functions, they all have strong immunosuppressive functions. MDSCs are extensively infiltrated into tumor tissues and play an important role in the glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment, which also hinders the immunotherapeutic effects of glioma. This article will review the phenotypic characteristics of MDSCs in the glioma microenvironment and their role in the progression of glioma. It is of positive significance to better understand the pathogenesis of glioma and explore effective comprehensive treatments.