Résumé
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar el Cuestio-nario de Gratitud (gq-6) a la población brasileña. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1 850 participantes con una edad media de 25.13 años (dt = 5.36), 50 % mujeres y 50 % hombres, con representación de todos los estados brasileños. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio (afe) y análisis factorial confirmatorio (afc), y correlaciones entre gratitud (gq-6) y satisfac-ción con la vida (swls), optimismo (lot-r), esperanza (ahs), felicidad (shs), afectos positivos y negativos (panas), y personalidad (bfi). Los resultados de efay cfa indicaron una solución unidimensional con los elementos que soportan cargas (λ > 0.39) en el factor y un ajuste aceptable para la solución de un factor (χ2(9) = 59, p < 0.001; cfi= 0.956, rmsea= 0.078). Las correlaciones indican una asociación con variables externas relevantes. Se concluye que el cuestionario presenta evidencia de validez y confiabilidad para su uso en investigación en el contexto brasileño
This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Gratitude Questionnaire (gq-6) to the Brazilian population. The sample consisted of 1 850 participants with a mean age of 25.13 years (sd = 5.36), 50 % female and 50 % male and the sample represents all Brazilian states. Exploratory factor analysis (efa) and confirmato-ry factor analysis (cfa) were run, along with correlations between gratitude (gq-6) and life satisfaction (swls), optimism (lot-r), hope (ahs), happiness (shs), positive and negative affects (panas), and personality (bfi). The efa and cfa results indicated a one-dimensional solu-tion with the items loading satisfactorily (λ > 0.39) in the factor and acceptable fit for the one-factor solution (χ2 (9) = 59, p < 0.001; cfi= 0.956, rmsea= 0.078). Correlations indicate relevant relationships with exter-nal variables. In conclusion, the questionnaire shows evidence of validity and reliability for research use in the Brazilian context
Este estudo investigou as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Gratidão (gq-6) na população bra-sileira. Participaram 1 850 respondentes com média de idade de 25.13 anos (dp= 5.36), sendo 50 % do sexo feminino e 50 % do sexo masculino e com representação de todos os estados brasileiros. Foram rodadas análi-ses fatoriais exploratória (efa) e fatorial confirmatória (cfa), e correlações entre gratidão (gq-6) e satisfação com a vida (swls), otimismo (lo-r), esperança (ahs), felicidade subjetiva (shs), afetos positivos e negativos (panas) e personalidade (bfi). Os resultados da efa e da cfa indicaram uma solução unidimensional com os itens carregando com cargas adequadas (λ > 0.39) no fator e ajuste aceitável para a solução unifatorial (χ2 (9) = 59, p < 0.001; cfi= 0.956, rmsea = 0.078). As correlações indicaram relações com variáveis externas relevantes. Conclui-se que a escala apresenta evidências de validade e fidedignidade para uso em pesquisa no Brasil.
Sujets)
HumainsRésumé
Resumen Las investigaciones han sugerido que las personas agradecidas son más felices, enérgicas y tienen mayor esperanza de tener experiencias positivas. A pesar de que el GQ-6 es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para evaluar la gratitud, su estructura factorial no ha sido explorada en población mexicana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del GQ-6 en una muestra mexicana. Participaron 566 personas de población general de 18 a 67 años. El GQ-6 fue administrado junto con la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Afecto Negativo (PANAS) y el Test de Orientación Vital (LOT-R). Los resultados indicaron una estructura unifactorial con seis indicadores la cual mostró una buena bondad de ajuste y confiabilidad aceptable (α = .79); estos resultados se mantuvieron independientemente del sexo. Puede concluirse que el GQ-6 es un instrumento con buenas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar la disposición para experimentar gratitud en población mexicana.
Abstract Studies suggest that gratitude contributes to the development of prosocial behaviors and strengthens interpersonal relationships. Research has suggested that grateful people are happier, more energetic, and have a higher hope of having positive experiences. There are currently several instruments available to measure gratitude, with the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) being the most widely used. The GQ-6 is a self-report questionnaire with the objective of evaluating the willingness to experience gratitude, which is available in several languages and has been validated in different countries around the world. Its original six-item unifactorial structure has been replicated in several countries; however, a five-item unifactorial solution was more appropriate in some studies in the adult population. Despite the above, the factorial structure of the GQ-6 has not been explored in the Mexican population, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GQ-6 in a Mexican sample. It was an instrumental study through non-probability sampling. The sample consisted of men and women aged 18 to 67 years. Participants were 566 adults of the general population (64.6% women and 35.5% men) from different states of Mexico. The GQ-6 was administered together with the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). For the performance of EFA, the sample was divided in half randomly (N = 280). The analysis indicated a unifactorial structure with six indicators which explained 48.58% of the variance, which was maintained according to the sex of the participants (46.47% women and 46.66% men). Using the other half of the participants (N = 286), the CFA and the multigroup analysis were performed in relation to sex. The GQ-6 showed good fit and adequate internal consistency (α = .79) for both women (α = .77) and men (α = .76). Data on the convergent and divergent validity of GQ-6 showed a positive association with LOT-R (rs = .456, p < .001), Positive Affect (rs = .253, p < .001), and Negative Affect (rs = - .186, p < .001). Therefore, it can be concluded that GQ-6 is an instrument with good psychometric properties to evaluate the willingness to experience gratitude in the Mexican population.