Você está pensando, refletindo, analisando o que você vê e o que você faz o tempo todo: percepção de residentes de Medicina de Família e Comunidade sobre vídeo feedback / You are thinking, reflecting, analysing what you see and what you do all the time: perception of General Practice trainees about video feedback / Estás pensando, reflexionando, analizando lo que ves y lo que haces todo el tiempo: percepción de los residentes de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria sobre vídeo feedback

Introdução: A comunicação é reconhecida como uma habilidade central por vários órgãos reguladores internacionais da educação médica. O ensino específico de habilidades de comunicação é fundamental para melhorar a comunicação dos médicos. As técnicas experienciais mostraram superioridade em comparação com os modelos tradicionais. A utilização de consultas reais ajuda os estudantes a visualizar melhor as suas competências de entrevista e a refletir sobre elas. Com os avanços da tecnologia, o uso de consultas médicas gravadas em vídeo tornou-se a abordagem padrão para o ensino da comunicação. No entanto, a eficácia dessa técnica depende do envolvimento ativo dos estudantes. As suas contribuições e comentários dos pares sobre a consulta gravada são essenciais para a aprendizagem. Contudo, a perspectiva do estudante sobre a utilidade dessa abordagem educativa recebeu pouca atenção. Objetivos: Compreender a percepção da aprendizagem dos residentes de medicina de família e comunidade resultante da atividade de vídeo feedback na sua formação profissional. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com residentes do primeiro ano de medicina de família e comunidade de um programa de residência estabelecido em São Paulo, Brasil. Os participantes foram entrevistados após as sessões educativas, que foram analisadas por meio de análise temática reflexiva. Resultados: A autopercepção de sua prática, o aprendizado de habilidades de comunicação e os ganhos afetivos foram identificados pelos participantes como pontos de aprendizado derivados da atividade de vídeo feedback. Além disso, sobre o aprendizado de habilidades específicas de comunicação, eles mencionaram comunicação não-verbal e verbal, conexões entre teoria e prática, estrutura de consulta e oportunidades para cristalizar conhecimentos. Os ganhos afetivos incluíram sentir-se parte de um grupo, melhora da autoestima, superação de inseguranças, percepção de consultas mais efetivas, reforço do gosto pelo trabalho e reconhecer a necessidade de mais aprendizado. Conclusões: Os ganhos de aprendizagem identificados em nosso estudo levaram a uma experiência de humanidade compartilhada, que permite aos participantes serem mais efetivos técnica e afetivamente com seus pacientes. Além disso, identificamos que a atividade educativa de vídeo feedback pode ser utilizada para outros possíveis fins educacionais além do ensino da comunicação.

Introduction: Communication is recognized as a central skill by various international medical education regulatory bodies. Specific teaching on communication skills is important to enhance doctors' communication. Experiential techniques appear to be superior compared to traditional models. Real-life consultation helps trainees visualize their interview skills and reflect on them. Upgraded by technology, the use of video-recorded medical visits became the standard approach for communication teaching. However, the effectiveness pf this technique relies on trainees' active involvement. Their inputs and peer feedback on the recorded consultation are essential to learning. Despite its importance, their perspective on the usefulness of video feedback in medical education has received limited attention. Objective: To understand the perception of learning among general practice trainees as a result of the video feedback activity in their vocational training. Methods: An exploratory, qualitative study, conducted with first-year general practice trainees from an established training program in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were interviewed after educational session, which were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Self-perception of their practice, communication skills learning, and affective gains were identified by participants as learning points derived from the video feedback activity. Furthermore, for specific communication skills learning, they mentioned nonverbal and verbal communication, theory and practice connections, consultation structure and opportunities for crystallizing knowledge. Affective gains included feeling part of a group, improving self-esteem, overcoming insecurities, perception of more effective consultations, reinforcing fondness for their work, and need for more learning. Conclusions: The learning gains identified in our study led to an experience of common humanity, which allowed participants to be more technically and affectively effective with their patients. Also, we identified that the video feedback educational activity can be used for other possible educational purposes, beyond the teaching of communication.

Introducción: La comunicación es reconocida como una habilidad fundamental por varios organismos reguladores internacionales de educación médica. La enseñanza específica de habilidades de comunicación es importante para mejorar la comunicación de los médicos. Las técnicas experienciales parecen ser superiores a los modelos tradicionales. El uso de consultas reales ayuda a los estudiantes a visualizar y reflexionar mejor sobre sus habilidades de entrevista. Actualizado por la tecnología, el uso de consultas médicas grabadas en video se ha convertido en el enfoque estándar para la enseñanza de la comunicación. Sin embargo, para que la técnica funcione, la participación de los estudiantes es crucial. Sus contribuciones y comentarios de los compañeros sobre la consulta grabada son esenciales para el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, la perspectiva de los estudiantes sobre la utilidad de este enfoque educativo ha recibido poca atención. Objetivos: Comprender la percepción del aprendizaje por parte de los residentes de medicina de familia y comunitaria como resultado de la actividad de vídeo feedback en su formación profesional. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio realizado con residentes de primer año de medicina familiar y comunitaria de un programa de residencia establecido en São Paulo, Brasil. Los participantes fueron entrevistados después de una sesión educativa, que fueron analizados mediante análisis temático reflexivo. Resultados: La autopercepción de su práctica, el aprendizaje de habilidades comunicativas y las ganancias afectivas fueron identificadas por los participantes como puntos de aprendizaje derivados de la actividad de vídeo feedback. Además, sobre el aprendizaje de habilidades comunicativas específicas, mencionaron la comunicación verbal y no verbal, las conexiones entre la teoría y la práctica, la estructura de consulta y las oportunidades para cristalizar conocimientos. En cuanto a las ganancias afectivas, relataron sentirse parte de un grupo, mejora de la autoestima, superación de las inseguridades, percepción de consultas más efectivas, refuerzo del gusto por el trabajo y necesidad de más aprendizaje. Conclusión: Los logros de aprendizaje identificados en nuestro estudio llevaron a una experiencia de humanidad compartida, que permite a los participantes ser técnica y afectivamente más efectivos con sus pacientes. Además, identificamos que la actividad educativa de vídeo feedback puede ser utilizada para otros posibles fines educativos, además de la enseñanza de la comunicación.

El cirujano general en las urgencias hepatobiliares en Colombia desde la visión de los expertos: un estudio cualitativo / The general surgeon in hepatobiliary emergencies in Colombia from the experts' perspective: A qualitative study

Introducción. El manejo perioperatorio de las urgencias hepatobiliares por parte del cirujano general es una competencia esperada y se considera un reto por su relativa frecuencia, impacto en la salud del individuo y la economía, así como las implicaciones en el ejercicio clínico confiable y de alta calidad. Se desconocen los aspectos formales de la educación en cirugía hepatobiliar para el cirujano general en Colombia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la perspectiva de los cirujanos hepatobiliares sobre esta problemática. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con 14 especialistas en cirugía hepatobiliar colombianos, en donde se exploraron los desafíos del entrenamiento, el tiempo y las características de una rotación, la evaluación de la confiabilidad, el número de procedimientos y el rol de la simulación. Se hizo un análisis temático de la información. Resultados. Los expertos mencionaron la importancia de la rotación obligatoria por cirugía hepatobiliar para los cirujanos en formación. El tiempo ideal es de tres meses, en el último año de residencia, en centros especializados, con exposición activa y bajo supervisión. Conclusiones. Por las características epidemiológicas del país y la frecuencia de enfermedades hepatobiliares que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, es necesario que el cirujano general cuente con una formación sólida en este campo durante la residencia. El presente estudio informa sobre las características ideales del entrenamiento en este campo desde la visión de los expertos colombianos.

Introduction. The perioperative management of hepatobiliary emergencies by the general surgeon is an expected competence and is considered a challenge due to its relative frequency, impact on the individual health and the economy, as well as the implications for reliable and high-quality clinical practice. The formal aspects of education in hepatobiliary surgery for the general surgeon in Colombia are unknown. The objective of the present study was to explore the perspective of hepatobiliary surgeons on this problem. Methods. A qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 14 Colombian hepatobiliary surgery specialists, where the challenges of training, time and characteristics of the rotation, evaluation of reliability, number of procedures and role of simulation. A thematic analysis of the information was carried out. Results. The experts mentioned the importance of mandatory rotation for hepatobiliary surgery for surgeons in training. The ideal duration was three months, during the last year of residency, in specialized centers with active exposure and under supervision. Conclusions. Due to the epidemiological characteristics of the country and the frequency of hepatobiliary diseases that require surgical treatment, it is necessary for the general surgeon to have solid training in this field during residency. The present study reports on the ideal characteristics of training in this field from the perspective of Colombian experts.

Desenredando los nudos en cirugía: creando maestría con un simulador práctico en casa / Untangling the knots in surgery: Creating mastery with a practical at-home simulator

Introducción. Anudar es una de las habilidades quirúrgicas esenciales y de su correcta ejecución dependen procesos de vital importancia. La adquisición de estas competencias requiere trabajo motor, entornos amigables y realistas. Una estrategia para facilitar el aprendizaje de la técnica de anudado es generar instrumentos de simulación accesibles. Métodos. Se presenta un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos, construido con materiales de bajo costo y asequibles para la población en general, con un presupuesto de aproximadamente $5.000 COP (US$ 1,23). Resultados. Se desarrolló un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos que, al fijarse a la extremidad inferior desde una posición sentada, proporciona una superficie estable para llevar a cabo la práctica de anudado de manera efectiva. Conclusión. La cirugía moderna considera la seguridad del paciente como la principal prioridad, por lo que ya no es apropiado adoptar un método de formación de "ver uno, hacer uno, enseñar uno". Es la práctica constante mediante simuladores, el método más adecuado. Este trabajo presenta una alternativa de aprendizaje ininterrumpido de las técnicas quirúrgicas relacionadas con los nudos.

Introduction. Knotting is one of the essential surgical skills and vitally important processes that depends on its correct execution. The acquisition of these skills requires motor work, friendly and realistic environments. A strategy to facilitate learning the knotting technique is to generate accessible simulation instruments. Methods. A surgical knot simulator is presented, built with low-budget materials and affordable for the general population, with a budget of approximately $5,000 COP (US$ 1.23). Results. A surgical knot simulator has been developed in a way that, when attached to the thigh of a lower extremity from a seated position, provides a stable surface to effectively perform knot tying practice. Conclusion. Modern surgery considers patient safety as the top priority, so it is no longer appropriate to adopt a "see one, do one, teach one" training method. Constant practice using simulators is the most appropriate method. This work presents an alternative for uninterrupted learning of surgical techniques related to knots.

Ensino na Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde no Brasil: análise documental / Teaching in Residency in the Professional Health Area in Brazil: documental analysis

RESUMO Analisar discursivamente os objetivos educacionais presentes nos documentos oficiais referentes aos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Análise de documentos oficiais brasileiros que configuram o ensino para os Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Busca realizada entre fevereiro e abril de 2023 em bancos de dados disponibilizados nos sites do Governo Federal do Brasil e do Sistema de Legislação da Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. Realizou-se Análise de Discurso Crítica, na perspectiva de Fairclough. Nove documentos oficiais abordavam os objetivos educacionais dos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Os dados foram sistematizados em princípios, concepções, valores e estratégias educacionais que orientam os programas de residência e em modo de organização, a partir das atividades de ensino. Os objetivos educacionais dos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde caminham rumo à formação técnica dos residentes, enquanto o discurso sobre o modelo educacional, expresso nas atividades de ensino, avança para a ampliação do conceito.

ABSTRACT Discursively analyze the educational objectives present in official documents referring to Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. Analysis of official Brazilian documents that configure teaching for Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. Search carried out between February and April 2023 in databases available on the websites of the Federal Government of Brazil and the Health Legislation System of the Ministry of Health. Critical Discourse Analysis was carried out, from Fairclough's perspective. Nine official documents addressed the educational objectives of Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. The data were systematized into principles, conceptions, values, and educational strategies that guide the residency programs and organization mode, based on teaching activities. The educational objectives of Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area move towards the technical training of residents, while the discourse on the educational model, expressed in teaching activities, moves towards expanding the concept.

Efecto de la "ley de residentes" sobre el bienestar laboral en cirugía: resultados de un estudio nacional de métodos mixtos en Colombia / Effect of the "residents' law" on occupational well-being in surgery: Results of a national mixed methods study in Colombia

Introducción. El efecto de las políticas para el mejoramiento del bienestar de los residentes, en términos de desgaste profesional y compromiso laboral, es controversial y su resultado tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes" (1917/2018) en Colombia es desconocido. Este estudio explora el efecto de esta ley en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos secuencial explicativo. Inicialmente, se invitó a todos los residentes de cirugía del país a autodiligenciar los cuestionarios UWES-17 y MBI-HSS para evaluar el compromiso laboral (vigor, dedicación y absorción) y desgaste profesional (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal) antes (2019) y después (2022) de la implementación de la ley. Se probaron diferentes hipótesis mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados fueron explorados con cirujanos mediante grupos focales. La información cualitativa fue analizada manualmente y por inteligencia artificial, y reportada en temas principales. Resultados. Participaron en el estudio 400 residentes. La tasa de desgaste profesional fue de 24,8 % antes y 15,8 % después (p=0,032). El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales confirmó que el agotamiento emocional sobre el desgaste profesional fue menor en 2022 (p=0,022). No se identificaron cambios significativos en el compromiso laboral. La principal explicación fue atribuida a los beneficios económicos de la ley. Conclusión. La tasa de desgaste profesional en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos se redujo significativamente tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes". Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la practica y el mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación.

Introduction. The effect of policies to improve residents' well-being, in terms of professional burnout and work commitment is controversial, and its result after the implementation of the "residents' law" (1917/2018) in Colombia is unknown. This study explores the effect of this law on Colombian surgical residents. Methods. Explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Initially, all surgical residents in the country were invited to self-complete the UWES-17 and MBI-HSS questionnaires to evaluate work commitment (vigor, dedication, and absorption) and professional burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment) before (2019) and after (2022) the implementation of the law. Different hypotheses were tested using structural equation models. The results were explored with surgeons through focus groups. Qualitative information was analyzed manually and by artificial intelligence, and reported into main themes. Results. 400 residents participated in the study. Burnout rates were 24.8% before and 15.8% after (p=0.032). The structural equations analysis confirmed that emotional exhaustion over professional burnout was lower in 2022 (p=0.022). No significant changes in work commitment were identified. The main explanation was attributed to the economic benefits of the law. Conclusion. The burnout rate in Colombian surgical residents was significantly reduced after the implementation of the "residents' law". These findings have implications for practice and improving the quality of education

Experiencia docente en un programa de formación de Medicina Familiar y General a distancia / Teaching experience in a distance learning program for Family and General Medicine

La distribución inequitativa del talento humano en salud afecta la capacidad de los sistemas de ofrecer servicios esenciales. En la provincia de Córdoba, el primer nivel de atención es responsabilidad de los municipios, pero el nivel provincial procura sostener la rectoría y ser garante del derecho a la salud. En ese marco, se desarrolló un programa para reducir las brechas en la distribución de médicos: el Plan Cordobés de Médicos del Interior. Acompañando ese plan se ejecutó un convenio específico con la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba para garantizar la formación en la especialidad de Medicina Familiar y General. Ingresaron al programa 170 personas, y hoy contamos con 98 médicos en formación o seguimiento. En este artículo damos cuenta de la experiencia docente, los desafíos y dificultades que supuso afrontar una formación en lugares de práctica variados, y con el aporte de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Esperamos que la experiencia sirva para transmitir los aprendizajes de nuestra práctica (AU)

The inequitable distribution of human talent in health affects the capacity of systems to offer essential services. In the province of Córdoba, the primary level of care is the responsibility of municipalities, but the provincial level aims to maintain leadership and guarantee the right to health. Within this framework, a program was developed to reduce gaps in the distribution of physicians: the Cordobés Plan for Interior Physicians. Accompanying this plan, a specific agreement was executed with the National University of Córdoba to ensure training in the specialty of Family and General Medicine. 170 individuals entered the program, and today we have 98 physicians in training or under supervision. In this article, we give an account of the teaching experience, the challenges, and difficulties involved in facing training in various practice settings, along with the contribution of information and communication technologies. We hope that this experience serves to transmit the lessons learned from our practice (AU)

Estrategias de traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español en el marco de la formación doctoral

Introducción: Perfeccionar las habilidades de comunicación y comprensión del inglés en los momentos actuales es una necesidad indispensable para aquellos que realizan estudios de maestría y doctorado, pues les permite divulgar los resultados de sus investigaciones con mayor precisión, así como asimilar claramente la literatura especializada que consulten. Objetivo: Analizar algunas de las principales estrategias de traducción empleadas por los participantes en el curso de comprensión y comunicación de los resultados de investigación. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educativa en el periodo 2021-2022 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, para lo cual se seleccionó una muestra de 42 profesionales, matriculados en los programas de formación doctoral en ciencias biomédicas, estomatológicas y psicológicas. A tal efecto, se empleó la observación como método para describir el proceso de entrenamiento en traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español. Resultados: La estrategia más empleada por los doctorandos fue la traducción literal, que se halló en los 107 fragmentos analizados y en 86,9 % de estos fue la única aplicada; a esta le siguió la transposición (70,0 %). Los calcos léxicos constituyeron la estrategia menos usada, pues solo figuraron en 11,2 % de los textos médicos traducidos del inglés al español. Conclusiones: Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron la traducción literal y la transposición, lo cual se debe a que las estructuras léxicas y sintácticas sirven de base para establecer analogías entre los idiomas español e inglés y, por tanto, facilitan la reexpresión que conlleva el proceso de traducción.

Introduction: Improving communication and understanding skills in English at present is an indispensable necessity for those who conduct masters and doctorate studies, since they allow them to disclose the results of research with more precision, as well as to clearly assimilate the specialized literature. Objective: To analyze some of the main translation strategies used by the participants in the course about understanding and communication research results. Methods: An educational study was carried out in the period 2021-2022 at the University of Medical Sciences in Cienfuegos, with a sample of 42 professionals enrolled in doctoral training programs of biomedical, stomatological and psychological sciences. For this purpose, observation was used as a method to describe the training process in translation of medical texts from English to Spanish. Results: The most used strategy by doctorate students was literal translation, which was found in the 107 fragments analyzed, and it was the only one applied in 86.9% of the cases; followed by transposition (70.0%). Lexical calque was the least used strategy, as it only appeared in 11.2% of the medical texts translated from English to Spanish. Conclusions: The most used strategies were literal translation and transposition, which is due to the fact that lexical and syntactic structures serve as a basis for establishing analogies between Spanish and English languages and, therefore, facilitate the re-expression involved in translation process.

Efecto de la deuda económica sobre el bienestar psicológico de los residentes de cirugía: Resultados de un estudio nacional en Colombia / Effect of financial debt on the psychological well-being of surgery residents: Results of a national study in Colombia

Introducción. La deuda económica durante la residencia en cirugía general puede afectar el desempeño profesional, las decisiones de vida y el bienestar psicológico. La información disponible en Colombia es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la deuda económica del residente de cirugía general, identificar los factores asociados y evaluar su efecto en el bienestar psicológico. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal analítico. Se invitó a 380 residentes a diligenciar una encuesta sobre los aspectos relacionados con su deuda económica y se utilizó el WHO-index para evaluar su bienestar psicológico. Resultados. Un total de 259 residentes participaron en el estudio (67,6 %). El 56 % posee una deuda económica promedio de COP $88.000.000 ((US$21.826)). Un alto nivel de endeudamiento se relacionó con el año de residencia, el tipo de institución (privada) y la solicitud de préstamos. Se identificó algún trastorno mental en 14,7 % y un bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico en 56,4 % de los participantes. No se identificó ninguna asociación entre una elevada deuda económica y el bajo bienestar psicológico. Conclusiones. La deuda económica tiene un efecto sobre los residentes. El endeudamiento de los residentes de cirugía en Colombia es altamente prevalente, y no se correlaciona con un pobre bienestar psicológico. La autodeterminación favorece el bienestar psicológico en el posgrado en cirugía general. Existe la necesidad de educación financiera en los residentes. Se requieren nuevos estudios que evalúen las causas del pobre bienestar psicológico.

Introduction. Financial debt during surgery residency can affect professional performance, life decisions, and psychological well-being. The information available in Colombia is limited. The objective of this study is to quantify the financial debt of the general surgery resident, identify the associated factors and evaluate their effect on psychological well-being. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 380 residents were invited to complete a survey on aspects related to their financial debt, and the WHO-index to evaluate their psychological well-being. Results. A total of 259 residents participated in the study (67.6%). 56% have an average economic debt of $88,000,000 COP (US$21,826). High debt was related to level of residence, type of institution (private), and loan application. Some mental disorder was identified in 14.7% and a low level of psychological well-being in 56.4% of the participants. No association was identified between high financial debt and low psychological well-being. Conclusions. Economic debt has an effect on residents. Financial debt among surgical residents in Colombia is highly prevalent; however, it does not correlate with poor psychological well-being. Self-determination favors psychological well-being in the postgraduate course in general surgery. Likewise, the need for financial education in residents is imminent. New studies are required that thoroughly evaluate the causes of poor well-being.

Percepción sobre la formación en cuidados paliativos de los estudiantes de las especializaciones de Cirugía general en Colombia / Perception of palliative care training among students of General Surgery specializations in Colombia

Introducción. Los cuidados paliativos responden al sufrimiento de pacientes terminales y requieren personal entrenado para la intervención. Forman parte de la actividad en cirugía, sin embargo, no encontramos información sobre la educación de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos en cuidados paliativos, la calidad de la formación y las estrategias pedagógicas en los residentes. Métodos. Estudio observacional con recolección de la información autodiligenciada por medio electrónico. Resultados. Participaron 228 residentes, 7,8 % mencionaron asistir a rotación en cuidado paliativo y 66,6 % tener contacto con especialistas en cuidados paliativos. El 30,7 % no identificó una estrategia pedagógica clara. El 29,3 % tuvo alto nivel de conocimiento y 21,1 % adecuada calidad de formación. El 83,8 % tuvo un alto nivel en el manejo de obstrucción intestinal. No hubo asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento y las variables evaluadas (p>0,05). Conclusiones. Ni el aprendizaje recibido, ni el año de entrenamiento tuvieron efecto en el nivel percibido de conocimiento. Las competencias en cuidados paliativos, sus métodos y la calidad del aprendizaje son deficientes a nivel de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. Probablemente está en un currículo oculto. Es necesario implementar estrategias pedagógicas en los currículos de estudios de los programas de formación de cirujanos.

Introduction. Palliative care responds to the suffering of terminal patients and requires trained personnel for intervention. They are part of the activity in surgery; however, we did not find information about postgraduate education in surgery in Colombia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge in palliative care, the quality of training and pedagogical strategies in residents. Methods. Observational study with self-completed information collection by electronic means. Results. A total of 228 residents participated, 7.8% mentioned a palliative care rotation and 66.6% mentioned having contact with palliative care specialists; 30.7% did not identify a clear pedagogical strategy; 29.3% had a high level of knowledge and 21.1% had adequate quality of training; 83.8% had a high level in the management of intestinal obstruction. There was no association between the level of knowledge and the variables evaluated (p>0.05). Conclusions. Neither the learning received nor the year of training had an effect on the perceived level of knowledge. Competencies in palliative care, its methods and the quality of learning are deficient at the postgraduate level in surgery in Colombia. It is probably on a hidden resume. It is necessary to implement pedagogical strategies in the study curricula of surgeon training programs.

Alcance para Colombia de la declaración de la World Society of Emergency Surgery 2022 sobre el entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia / Scope for Colombia of the World Society of Emergency Surgery 2022 declaration on training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery

Introducción. El currículo para la formación del cirujano general exige precisión, ajuste al contexto y factibilidad. En 2022, la World Society of Emergency Surgery formuló cinco declaraciones sobre el entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia que puede contribuir a estos propósitos. El objetivo del presente artículo fue examinar el alcance de estas declaraciones para la educación quirúrgica en Colombia. Métodos. Se analizó desde una posición crítica y reflexiva el alcance y limitaciones para Colombia de cada una de las declaraciones de la World Society of Emergency Surgery, con base en la evidencia empírica publicada durante las últimas dos décadas en revistas indexadas nacionales e internacionales. Resultados. La evidencia empírica producida en Colombia durante el presente siglo permite identificar que el país cuenta con fundamentos del currículo nacional en cirugía general, formulado por la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía en 2021; un sistema de acreditación de la educación superior; un modelo de aseguramiento universal en salud; infraestructura tecnológica y condiciones institucionales que pueden facilitar la adopción exitosa de dichas declaraciones para el entrenamiento de los futuros cirujanos en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia. No obstante, su implementación requiere esfuerzos mayores e inversión en materia de simulación quirúrgica, cooperación institucional y fortalecimiento del sistema de recertificación profesional. Conclusión. La educación quirúrgica colombiana está en capacidad de cumplir con las declaraciones de la World Society of Emergency Surgery en materia de entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia.

Introduction. The general surgeon training curriculum requires precision, contextual fit, and feasibility. In 2022, the World Society of Emergency Surgery formulated five statements on training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery, which can contribute to these purposes. This article examines the scope of these declarations for surgical education in Colombia. Methods. The scope and limitations for Colombia of each of the statements of the World Society of Emergency Surgery were analysed from a critical and reflective position, based on empirical evidence published during the last two decades in national and international indexed journals. Results. The empirical evidence produced in Colombia during this century allows us to identify that the country has the foundations of the national curriculum in general surgery, formulated by the Education Division of the Colombian Association of Surgery in 2021; a higher education accreditation system; a universal health insurance model; technological infrastructure, and institutional conditions that can facilitate the successful adoption of said statements for the training of future surgeons in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery. However, its implementation requires greater efforts and investment in surgical simulation, institutional cooperation, and strengthening of the professional recertification system. Conclusion. Colombian surgical education is able to comply with the declarations of the World Society of Emergency Surgery regarding training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery.

2023 Report on satisfaction with graduate education of recent medical graduates in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation of satisfaction with graduate education among recent medical graduates in China, and analyze the differences between different populations, and to propose countermeasures and suggestions.Methods:From June to July 2023, a self-made questionnaire was used to survey 16 903 medical graduates who had recently earned a post-graduate degree from 78 institutions about their satisfaction with curriculum sessions, practical sessions, research training, tutoring, and institutional management. The degrees of satisfaction with education among different populations were compared through the t test and analysis of variance with the use of SPSS 26.0. Results:The scores of satisfaction of the graduates with tutoring, curriculum sessions, practical sessions, institutional management, and research training were 4.44, 4.03, 4.02, 3.90, and 3.82, respectively. Satisfaction scores for individual dimensions were significantly higher for males, doctors, non-transfers, comprehensive universities, non-agricultural household registration, moderate-to-high annual household income per capita, parents with high educational levels, and parents with mid- or senior-level occupations ( P<0.05). Conclusions:There is room for improvement in students' satisfaction with medical graduate education. To improve the quality of medical graduate education, attention should be paid to key populations, education policies, school management, and tutoring to provide appropriate education for different students.

Research on ethical dilemmas in scientific research among medical graduate students / 中国医学伦理学

The ethical dilemma in scientific research exists at all stages of the scientific research activities among medical graduate students， mainly involving conflicts of interest， clinical trials， animal experiments， and the relationship between teachers and students. If medical graduate students are in the ethical dilemma in scientific research for a long time， their research activities will be greatly affected. By discussing the connotation， evaluation tools， current situation， influencing factors， and improvement measures of ethical dilemmas in scientific research， this paper proposed some suggestions， such as comprehensively investigating the influencing factors of ethical dilemmas in scientific research， and formulating targeted improvement measures， with a view to helping medical graduate students identify and get rid of ethical dilemmas in scientific research， and promote the stability of research activities.

Investigation and analysis of the training needs of scientific research ethics among medical graduate students in the context of science and technology ethics governance / 中国医学伦理学

ObjectiveTo investigate the training needs of knowledge of scientific research ethics and ethical review among medical graduate students in Shandong Province， and provide targeted suggestions for carrying out education and training on scientific research ethics for medical graduate students. MethodsA random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 807 medical graduate students from 7 medical colleges and universities in Shandong Province. The data were statistically described and analyzed， and Pearson’s chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. ResultsThere were 94.1% of medical graduate students believed that they “need” to receive training on knowledge of scientific research ethics. Their training needs were ranked as ethical principles of science and technology （75.5%）， the content of ethical review （68.5%）， ethical review process （68.3%）， ethical issues that may be involved in frontier fields （63.6%）， ethics committee system （58.1%）， applied ethical regulation for medical scientific research （55.8%）， and interpretation of relevant ethical documents （42.4%）. The training forms and methods were， in order， online knowledge lectures （67.4%）， academic conferences organized by relevant ethical review organizations （60.3%）， the teaching methods in traditional classrooms （48.8%）， learning by tutors or research groups （48.5%）， conducted by the unit during the internship and work period （26.4%）， and other forms （2.6%）. The results of the regression analysis showed that medical graduate students with experience in project application and ethics course learning have a higher willingness for training needs in scientific research ethics （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe education and training on scientific research ethics among medical graduate students still need improvement， and graduate students have an urgent need for training on scientific research ethics. Schools and hospitals should overall plan and set up a perfect science and technology ethics curriculum system， strengthen the practical training of medical research ethical review， and diversify the ways of scientific research ethics training for medical graduate students， to accelerate the improvement of research ethics literacy of them.

Survey on Prefectural Career Development Programs for Regional Quota Physicians (2020 fiscal year) in Japan / 医学教育

[Introduction] In accordance with the 2018 revision of the Medical Care Act, prefectures have established career development programs for regional quota physicians aimed at both securing physicians committed to regional medical care and fostering their career development. We have surveyed and reviewed these programs across each prefecture.[Methods] The authors gathered information on the programs, which includes the acquisition of medical specialties, as well as the timing and duration of regional assignments, from the websites of each prefecture. The analysis of start timing and duration was limited to internal medicine.[Results] All prefectures have formulated programs. In more than 30% of the prefectures, regional quota physicians can choose any specialty from all available specialties. The regional assignment typically begins three years post-graduation, with a duration of four years in most cases.[Discussion] This nationwide trend provides a resource to evaluate the state of post-graduate education for regional quota physicians and to consider the future enhancement of these programs.

Practice and exploration of graduate student management by form teachers in radiation health scientific research institutes / 中国辐射卫生

Graduate education is critical for cultivation of high-level talents and promotion of technological innovation. Strengthening the management of graduate education is of great practical significance for ensuring and improving the quality of graduate education. The expansion of graduate education brings challenges to educational resources and management models, requiring research institutions to ensure educational quality and adapt to social needs. Based on the particularity of research institutes, this article takes the practice of radiation health graduate education as an example to explore the graduate student management elements of form teachers in research institutes. Our research provides a reference for improving the management level of graduate students in research institutes. Graduate form teachers are organizers, implementers, and mentors of graduate ideological education, academic culture, daily management, employment and entrepreneurship, and mental health education. They play an important role as a bridge and link in graduate education and cultivation. Faced with the challenges of graduate education in the new era, form teachers should continuously explore work methods that adapt to the needs of the era. They should also focus on reinforcing ideological and political theories, improving professional skills, establishing and improving management systems, and leveraging the role of student cadres to ensure the high-quality development of graduate education in research institutes.

The mediating effect of psychological resilience and empathy on the relationship between job stress and job burnout among clinical medical graduate students / 中国职业医学

ObjectiveTo explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience and empathy on the relationship between job stress and job burnout in clinical medical graduate students. Methods A total of 437 graduated students of clinical medicine or related majors were selected as the research subjects using a stratified sampling method. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure their psychological resilience, empathy, job stress, and job burnout. Results The average scores for psychological resilience, empathy, job stress, and job burnout among the research subjects were (90.2±13.4), (93.8±10.1), (53.7±12.2) and (47.3±12.6), respectively. The detection rate of job burnout was 37.5%. The results of the structural equation model showed that psychological resilience and empathy partially mediated the relationship between job stress and job burnout, with psychological resilience accounting for 13.6% and empathy accounting for 41.3% of the mediating effect. Conclusion Psychological resilience and empathy play a significant mediating role in the relationship between job stress and job burnout among clinical medical graduate students.

La educación ciudadana en la formación académica de los residentes de Anestesiología y Reanimación

Fundamento: los resultados de estudios y la práctica cotidiana han demostrado la necesidad de incluir en la formación académica de los residentes en Anestesiología y Reanimación, la proyección de soluciones a problemáticas relacionadas con la educación ciudadana en el cuarto nivel de la enseñanza. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema didáctico de educación ciudadana en la formación académica de los residentes en Anestesiología y Reanimación. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, entre septiembre 2021-enero 2023, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara y la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico, enfoque de sistema y la modelación; y empíricos: revisión documental, encuestas a residentes, entrevista en profundidad a directivos con experiencia en la formación académica en educación ciudadana, y el criterio de especialistas. Se emplearon procesamientos matemáticos, tablas y gráficos. Resultados: se diseñó un sistema didáctico de educación ciudadana para la formación académica de los residentes en Anestesiología y Reanimación que ofreció una nueva visión a su formación académica al proponer, desde la semipresencialidad y el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, diferentes formas de organizar la superación en el cuarto nivel de la enseñanza. Conclusiones: el sistema diseñado fue valorado como adecuado para su aplicación por los especialistas, los que tuvieron en cuenta su actualidad, originalidad, pertinencia, coherencia y valor científico; además realizaron sugerencias para su perfeccionamiento.

Background: the results of studies and daily practice have demonstrated the need to include in the academic training of residents in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, the projection of solutions to problems related to citizen education at the fourth level of education. Objective: to design a didactic system of citizen education in the academic training of residents in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. Methods: a development investigation was carried out, from September 2021 to January 2023, at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences and "Marta Abreu" Central University of Las Villas. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical, system approach and modeling; and empirical ones: documentary review, surveys of residents, in-depth interviews with managers with experience in academic training in citizenship education, and the specialists´criteria. Mathematical processing, tables and graphs were used. Results: a didactic system of citizen education was designed for the academic training of residents in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation that offered a new vision to their academic training by proposing, from semi-presentiality and the use of information and communication technologies, different ways to organize improvement at the fourth level of education. Conclusions: the designed system was assessed as appropriate for its application by the specialists, who took into account its updating, originality, relevance, coherence and scientific value; They also made suggestions for its improvement.

Pertinencia de la superación posgraduada en correspondencia con los problemas de salud en Villa Clara / Relevance of postgraduate improvement in correspondence with health problems in Villa Clara

Fundamento: en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara se ha diseñado e implementado una estrategia metodológica para lograr mayor relación de la superación profesional con el cuadro de salud. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de la superación profesional en correspondencia con los principales problemas de salud en Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño transversal de la superación profesional vinculada al posgrado en el periodo 2017-2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemático-estadísticos; la información obtenida se presentó en tablas con valores absolutos y relativos. Resultados: del total de actividades planificadas, el 83,01 % respondieron a los problemas de salud de la provincia. Relacionado con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles se efectuaron 542; tumores malignos, 179; Programa de Atención Materno Infantil, 1762; y Programa de Atención al Adulto Mayor, 198. Sobre otras enfermedades transmisibles, su mayor número estuvo en el 2019. En el 2020 predominaron las vinculadas a las arbovirosis y la pandemia de la COVID-19 cuando se capacitaron un total de 325 880 profesionales en el 2020 y 5839 en el 2021. Conclusiones: la superación posgraduada de los profesionales de la salud en Villa Clara se ha correspondido con los principales problemas de la salud del territorio en los años del 2017 al 2021 lo cual evidencia pertinencia y progreso en la continuidad de la formación académica del capital humano.

Background: at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, a methodological strategy has been designed and implemented to achieve a greater relationship between professional improvement and health status. Objective: to present the results of professional improvement in correspondence with the main health problems in Villa Clara. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out with a cross-sectional design of professional improvement linked to postgraduate studies from 2017 to 2021. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were applied; the information obtained was presented in tables with absolute and relative values. Results: out of the whole activities, 83.01% responded to the health problems of the province. Related to chronic non-transmissible diseases, 542 were carried out; malignant tumors, 179; Maternal and Child Care Program, 1762; and the Elderly Care Program, 198. Regarding other transmissible diseases, the highest number was in 2019. In 2020, those linked to arboviruses and the COVID-19 pandemic predominated when a total of 325,880 professionals were trained in 2020 and 5839 in 2021. Conclusions: the postgraduate improvement of health professionals in Villa Clara has corresponded to the main health problems of the territory in the years from 2017 to 2021, which shows relevance and progress in the continuity of the academic training of human capital.

Acciones metodológicas para la autoevaluación de los programas de posgrado académico

Fundamento: la autoevaluación es una etapa trascendental en la gestión de la calidad en las instituciones universitarias; como proceso, es organizada y conducida por sus integrantes de acuerdo con un conjunto de estándares de desempeño, para la mejora continua y la transformación. Objetivo: diseñar acciones metodológicas para la concepción y el desarrollo del proceso de autoevaluación de los programas de posgrado académico en la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: la investigación se desarrolló en la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez" durante los años 2021-2023. Se utilizó una metodología de enfoque mixto que permitió el uso de los métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: análisis de documentos, la observación participante y la entrevista en profundidad; y métodos matemático-estadísticos para el procesamiento de la información obtenida. Resultados: la triangulación de los resultados mostró que existen limitaciones en la concepción y desarrollo de la autoevaluación del posgrado académico; no siempre es asumida como proceso sistemático, sistémico, científico y participativo; por lo que se procedió a elaborar acciones metodológicas que condujeran a la mejora continua y a la certificación de la calidad. Conclusiones: la aplicación de las acciones metodológicas, diseñadas en cada etapa, permitió constatar en la práctica su validez para el desarrollo del proceso de autoevaluación. Facilitaron la certificación de calidad de dos programas de maestría, los que obtuvieron la categoría de Excelencia.

Background: self-evaluation is a transcendental stage in quality management in university institutions; as a process, it is organized and guided by its members in accordance with a set of performance standards, for continuous improvement and transformation. Objective: design methodological actions for the conception and development of the self-evaluation process of academic postgraduate programs at Sancti Spíritus University. Methods: the research was carried out at "José Marti Pérez" University of Sancti Spíritus from 2021 to 2023. A mixed approach methodology was used that allowed the use of theoretical methods: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; and empirical ones: document analysis, participant observation and in-depth interview; and mathematical-statistical methods for processing the information obtained. Results: the contrast of the results showed that there are limitations in the conception and development of the academic postgraduate self-assessment; It is not always assumed as a systematic, systemic, scientific and participatory process; Therefore, methodological actions were developed that would lead to continuous improvement and quality certification. Conclusions: the application of the methodological actions, designed at each stage, allowed us to verify in practice their validity for the development of the self-assessment process. They facilitated the quality certification of two evaluated master's programs, which obtained the highest rank of Excellence.

Desempeño docente y satisfacción de maestrantes de ciencias médicas en una universidad peruana

Fundamento: en Perú, la ley universitaria menciona que el currículo se actualizará cada tres años, según los avances científicos y tecnológicos. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el desempeño docente de los profesores de la maestría en ciencias médicas y el nivel de satisfacción de los maestrantes en una universidad pública peruana. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, en la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo entre enero y junio de 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo; empírico: análisis y cuestionario; y matemático-estadísticos para el análisis de los datos encontrados. Resultados: el desempeño docente fue alto: 68 %; la satisfacción estudiantil respecto al desempeño docente fue 37,7 %; la relación entre el desempeño docente y la satisfacción en los estudiantes de maestría de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, según la prueba Rho de Spearman, fue = 0.902 con una significancia p<0.01. La relación fue alta y directa entre las variables de estudio. Conclusiones: el desempeño de los docentes de maestría en ciencias médicas se relaciona significativamente con el nivel de satisfacción de sus estudiantes, es importante considerar estos resultados a fin de continuar con la política de elevar la calidad educativa en ciencias médicas.

Background: in Peru, the university law mentions that the curriculum will be updated every three years, according to scientific and technological advances. Objective: determine the relationship between the teaching performance of professors of the master's degree in medical sciences and the level of satisfaction of teachers at a Peruvian public university. Methods: a descriptive research with a quantitative approach was carried out at the National University of Trujillo from January to June 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive; empirical: analysis and questionnaire; and mathematical-statistical for the analysis of the data found. Results: teaching performance was high: 68%; student satisfaction regarding teaching performance was 37.7%; the relationship between teaching performance and satisfaction in master's students at the National University of Trujillo, according to Spearman's Rho test, was = 0.902 with a significance of p < 0.01. The relationship was high and direct among the study variables. Conclusions: the performance of master's teachers in medical sciences is significantly related to the level of satisfaction of their students; it is important to consider these results in order to continue with the policy of raising educational quality in medical sciences.