RÉSUMÉ
A field experiments was conducted on sandy loam soil during 2016 -17 and 2017 -18 at M.G. chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to find out the most productive and profitable mustard based cropping system under different moisture conservation practices. Treatment consisted three cropping systems viz. Sesame –mustard, green gram-mustard and urdbean –mustard and four moisture conservation practices (no irrigation, life saving irrigation, straw mulch @4 t/ha and kaolin 5% spray). Results revealed that on pooled basis of two years mulching @4 t/ha produced significantly higher grain yield of sesame (512 kg/ha), green gram (1023 kg/ha) urdbean (2349 kg/ha) and mustard (2558kg/ha) than no irrigation while numerical enhancement were recorded under life saving irrigation and kaolin 5 % spray treatment in seed yield of sesame, green gram, urdbean and mustard crop. The maximum mustard equivalent grain yield of 3759 kg/ha, system production efficiency of 33.52 kg/ha/day and system profitability of 339.00 Rs/ha/day was recorded under green gram – mustard system. Among the moisture conservation practices, straw mulch treatment had highest mustard equivalent grain yield of 4021 kg/ha, production efficiency of 35.83 kg/ha/day and system profitability (35.83 Rs/ha/day). The gross returns (Rs 182764/ha), net returns (Rs 139644/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.24) were maximized under green gram- mustard system x straw mulch @4 t/ha treatment on pooled basis.
RÉSUMÉ
The field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Naini Agriculture Institute, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Zaid 2022 on sandy loamy soil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The experiment consists of treatments i.e., VAM (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 30kg ha-1, PSB (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 30kg ha-1, VAM + PSB (40g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 30kg/ha, VAM (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 40kg ha-1, PSB (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 40kg ha-1, VAM + PSB (40g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 40kg/ha, VAM (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 50kg ha-1, PSB (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 50kg ha-1, VAM + PSB (40g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 50kg/ha, including control i.e., application of 20-40-20 kg NPK ha-1 (Farmer practice), which are replicated thrice. The variety PDM-139 SAMRAT green gram was sown in February 2023. The results of the experiment revealed that the application of VAM + PSB @ (40g/kg seed) along with 50 kg ha-1 of phosphorus significantly increased the growth parameters viz., plant height (32.94 cm), plant dry weight (42.73 g plant-1), crop growth rate (72.1 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (2.16 g m-1 day-1), branches per plant (6.53), nodules per plant (16.4) and yield parameters viz, pods per plant (19.20), seeds per pod (11.87), test weight (40.0g), seed yield (1,620 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1,022.22 kg ha-1), harvest index (49.30%) over control. This treatment also showed its positive effect on economics viz., gross returns (Rs. 1,45,770 ha-1), net return (Rs. 1,04,120.40 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.50).
RÉSUMÉ
At the United University's Agricultural Research Farm in Rawatpur, Jhalwa, Prayagraj (U.P.), India, during the Kharif season of 2022, a research on green gram (Vigna radiata L.) was carried out to examine the effects of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, and economics. On green gram (Vigna radiata L), the experiment was conducted using a randomized bock design with three replications in all allowable combinations of inorganic fertilizers, Rhizobium, and PSB together with FYM. This study showed that plant height (91.99 cm), dry weight (105.45 g), and number of root nodules (111.33) were all significantly enhanced by 100% RDF + 5.0 tonnes FYM ha-1 + Rhizobium and PSB seed inoculation. In terms of increasing yield and yield-related indicators, such as number of pods plant-1 (31.43), number of seeds pod-1 (12.46), test weight (37.26 g), and harvest index (34.90%), the same treatment combination likewise showed the best results. As a result, adding farm yard manure at a rate of 5 tonnes per hectare coupled with Rhizobium and PSB increased yield compared to the control. But using 100% RDF, bio fertilizer, and FYM @ 5.0 tonnes ha-1 greatly boosts gross returns (? 104,120.00), net returns (? 76,017.00), and benefit: cost ratio (2.70). These results showed that the addition of organic matter, inorganic fertilizers, and bio-fertilizers all combined to boost yield while using various nutrition sources.
RÉSUMÉ
Integrated nutrient management (INM) is a holistic approach that involves the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to improve soil health and crop productivity. The research study was conducted to demonstrate the effective use of INM on soil health in Green gram. We used a randomized block design (RBD) with four levels of poultry manure @ 0, 50, 75 and 100% ha-1, four levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium@ 0, 50, 75 and 100% ha-1 and rhizobium seed treatment. The revealed that treatment T9 (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + PM @ 5 t ha-1 and Rhi @ 200g 10 kg-1 Seed) resulted in a slight change in soil pH 6.82, electrical conductivity (EC) 0.198 dS m-1. In post-harvest soil of fertilizers observations showed significant increase in pore space 49.20 %, water holding capacity 47.59 %, organic carbon 0.49 %, and available N 334.23 kg ha-1, P 34.58 kg ha-1, K 202.83 kg ha-1. The increase in NPK was found to be significant (P<0.05) among other treatments in Green gram cultivation and soil quality improvement. The application of N P K with poultry manure was a magnificent source of fertilization.
RÉSUMÉ
Globally, green gram is a significant legume particularly in Arid and Semiarid Lands (ASALs), as a source of food, income, and soil enhancement. Despite this importance, green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County is still too low at 560 kg/ha far below the crop’s estimated national potential of 1500 kg/ha and compares unfavorably with the global and national average of 730 kg/ha and 670 kg/ha, respectively. Green gram production is primarily rain-fed and variability in rainfall and temperature affects the ideal conditions favourable for the crop growth. This study aimed at quantifying the effect of rainfall and temperature variability, separately and jointly on green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya for the period 2002-2021. Secondary data on seasonal rainfall, temperature, and green gram yield was collected from the Meteorological Services and County Department of Agriculture. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods by use of coefficient of determination, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation, and regression analysis. The study found that rainfall variability explained 30.4% of the variables affecting green gram yield. The findings of the model showed that a 1% increase in rainfall in March-April- May (MAM) season increased yield of green gram by 49.3% but no effect was observed in OND (October-November-December) season. Temperature variability explained 28.5% of the variables affecting green gram yield. Further, the model findings revealed that a 1% increase in temperature in OND season decreased yield of green gram by 48.5% and no effect was observed in MAM season. A combination of rainfall and temperature variability explained 34.2% of the variables affecting green gram yield. The model coefficients showed that a 1% increase in rainfall and temperature during the OND season increased yield of green gram by 16.2%. In addition, it was noted that a 1% rise in temperature and rainfall during MAM season reduced the output of green gram by 13.2%. The study concluded that rainfall and temperature had an effect on green gram yield and recommended that green gram farmers need to adapt to the changing climate to lessen the effects of climate change and for sustainable green gram production.
RÉSUMÉ
An experiment was conducted on sagarika-liquid with inorganic fertilizers during Zaid season 2022 at the central research farm of Department of Soil science and Agricultural chemistry, to enhance the productivity. The design applied was 3x3 RBD having three levels of Sagarika-liquid @2ml, 3ml and 4ml L-1 and N P K @ 50, 75and 100%. The result obtained with treatment T9[N P K @100%+ 2 Spray of Sagarika 4ml l-1] that showed vermicompost in combination resulted in a slight change in soil pH at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm were found 7.12 and 7.27and EC 0.35 and 0.32 dS m-1 respectively. The significant results were in pore space 47.90 and 45.52%, water holding capacity 46.10 and 43.60%, organic carbon 0.54%, 0.44%, and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was found to be significant among other treatments in Green gram cultivation and soil quality improvement. The maximum yield regarding, gave the best results with respect to plant height 45.34 cm, number of pod plant-1 28.16, and number of seed pod-1 8.45. It gave highest yield 1.96 t ha-1. It was also revealed that the application with organic manures was excellent source for fertilization than fertilizers.
RÉSUMÉ
An experiment was conducted during in Zaid season (March 2022-June 2022) on central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of Phosphorus and Zinc (0 %, 50 % and 100 %). The treatment combinations were replicated three times and were allocated at random in each replication. The result shows that application of different levels combination of inorganic fertilizers increased growth, yield of green gram. It was recorded from the application of P and Zinc fertilizers in treatment T7 [P @ 100% + Zinc @ 0%] maximum plant height 40.90, 49.12, and 60.16 cm at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of branches plant-1 9.35, 11.62, and 14.24 at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of pods plant-1 25.73, number of seeds pod-1 10.54, test weight of 1000 seeds 54.66 g, grain yield 11.73 q ha-1 with benefit cost ratio 1: 2.33 best from T1 [(control) P @ 0% + Zinc @ 0 %].
RÉSUMÉ
To study the effect of different sources of phosphorus on quality, fertility status and yield of greengram, an experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2014 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHIATS, Allahabad, UP. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 9 treatments viz. Control (No Phosphorus, 100% P through SSP, 100% P through URP, 50% P through SSP + 50% P through URP, 75% P through SSP + 25% P through URP, 100% P through SSP + PSB inoculation, 100% P through URP + PSB inoculation, 50% P through SSP + 50% P through URP + PSB inoculation, 75% P through SSP + 25% P through URP + PSB inoculation. Greengram variety Samrat was sown at a spacing of 30cm x 10 cm and it was fertilized with Phosphorus, SSP, URP, PSB as per the requirement of the treatments. The experimental results revealed that application of 100% P through SSP + PSB seed inoculation produced significantly higher grain yield (1496.77 kg ha-1), Stover yield (2920 kg ha-1) and protein (24.06%). There was a steady increase in the soil fertility status after harvesting of greengram. However, maximum available P2O5 (36.07 kg ha-1), available N (329.03 kg ha-1), available K2O (220.80 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of 100% P through SSP + PSB seed inoculation. It also recorded higher net returns (Rs 47002.17 ha-1) and Benefit Cost (1.89). Thus, application of 100% P through SSP + PSB seed inoculation) helps in improving the quality and enhancing the yield in Greengram for resource poor farmers of India.
RÉSUMÉ
Aim: This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of varieties and spacing on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiate L.) Study Design: Split Plot Design. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during season of 2021 at G.H. Raisoni University Student Research Farm, Saikheda. Methodology: The experiment consisted of three main treatments varieties Kopargaon (V1), Sindhu (NVL-605) (V2) and PDM-139 (Samrat) (V3) and four sub treatments spacing 30 cm x 10 cm (S1), 30 cm x 15 cm (S2),45 cm x 10 cm (S3) and 45 cm x 15 cm (S4). Number of branches per plant, leaves per plant, pods per plant, pod length, grains per pod, test weight, seed and stover yield per hectare, protein content. Results: Number of branches per plant (8.60), leaves per plant (21.00), pods per plant (15.53), pod length (8.55 cm), grains per pod (9.80), test weight (37.66 g), seed (9.06q/ha) and stover yield (18.49 q/ha), protein content (22.78%) Conclusion: green gram variety PDM-139 (Samrat) sown spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters.
RÉSUMÉ
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, is a major threat to mungbean cultivation. The pest causes a significant reduction in plant growth parameters that ultimately results in loss of grain yield. The present study was carried out under glass house condition to study the effect of different inoculum load of root-knot nematode M. incognita on plant growth, nodulation and nematode development and nutrients status of Mungbean. The results revealed a progressive decline in plant growth parameters viz., fresh and dry shoot weight and shoot length with respect to increase in inoculum level. However, fresh and dry root weight showed the opposite trend. The fresh and dry shoot weight was decreased by 44% and 66%, respectively at 4 J2s/g soil. The chlorophyll content in the leaves also decreased with the increase of inoculum level from 100-6000 J2s/pot. Nutrients contents of the plant viz. N, P, K, Ca and Mg were significantly reduced in shoots while in roots these was increased with an increase of inoculum levels. Nodulation was affected by 80% at the highest inoculum level i.e. 6000 J2s/pot. Also leghaemoglobin, bacteroid content and nitrogenase activity was reduced progressively with increased levels of nematode inoculum. Thus, the root-knot nematode, M. incognita interferes with the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation between mungbean host and rhizobium and that can affect the quality of produce.
RÉSUMÉ
Vigna radiata (Fabaceae) is an important pulse crop widespread throughout the tropics and warm temperature regions. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vivo antiarthritic activity of Vigna radiata sprouts in rats. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was determined by membrane stabilization and protein denaturation method. Whereas, the antiarthritic activity of the ethanolic extract of the sprouts was evaluated by complete Freund’s adjuvant model with diclofenac sodium as the standard drug. Body weights, paw volume, biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, total reduced glutathione, myeloperoxidase and lysosomal enzymes like cathepsin-D, N-acetyl β-D-glucosamindase and β-D-glucuronidase were estimated. Treatment with ethanolic extract of V. radiata exhibited significant membrane stabilization activity and protein denaturation activity, and significantly attenuated the biochemical changes induced by administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant. The findings of the present study suggest the possible role of Vigna radiata in the therapeutics of arthritis.
RÉSUMÉ
Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is a major phospholipid in eukaryotic cells. Many studies have revealed that the phosphoinositide (PI) signaling pathway plays an important role in plant growth and development. Phospholipase C (PLC) is reported to have a crucial role in the PI pathway. This work focuses on the isolation and investigation of PLC in response to abiotic stress factors in green gram. The PLC cDNA, designated VrPLC, encoding a protein of 591 amino acids was cloned and expressed in E. coli.The predicted isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight were 5.96 and 67.3 kDa, respectively. The tertiary structure of the PLC was also predicted and found to be mainly composed of random coils. In addition, VrPLC expression analysis was performed under environmental stress and the results showed that the expression of VrPLC was rapidly induced in an abscisic acid independent manner in response to drought and salt stress. PLC expression was found to be up-regulated by SA and down-regulated by wound in leaf tissues; however, there was no significant difference in the expression of PLC in plants subjected to high temperature and H2O2. Our results suggest that a close link/relationship between PLC expression and stress responses in green gram.
Sujet(s)
Fabaceae/enzymologie , Fabaceae/physiologie , Expression des gènes/génétique , Expression des gènes/génétique , Phosphatidyl inositols/physiologie , Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C/génétique , Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C/isolement et purification , RT-PCR/méthodes , Contrainte mécaniqueRÉSUMÉ
Test the efficacy of fungal and bacterial antagonistic formulations were controlling the seed borne fungi in seed samples of green gram and black gram collected from Pulse Research Unit, Akola were used for laboratory test. Seed treatment with talc based formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg, Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg and Bacillus subtilis at 10g/kg bio agents were tested for their efficacy against seed-borne mycoflora to improve seed germination and also recorded significantly incidence of seed borne fungi. Among this three bio agents T. viride was found superior in controlling the seed borne mycoflora (86.90%, 88.00%) and also maximum seed germination was observed in T. viride (67.60%, 71.00%), shoot length (8.91cm, 11.5cm), root length (7.10cm,9.15cm) and seedling vigour index (1119,1466) in green gram and black gram respectively.
RÉSUMÉ
Green gram is a widely cultivated pulse crop rich in protein, high in vitamin-B content and essential aminoacids. It is easily digestable and low flatulence produced crop. The quality and quantity of DNA used for amplification by PCR is the key to reproducible results and success of genotyping. Especially, DNA purity is extremely crucial for obtaining clear and discriminate patterns. DNA extraction from Green gram is difficult due to presence of contaminants such as phenols. Therefore, the present study was under taken to obtain high quality and pure DNA in Green gram. With few modifications four different DNA extraction protocols were tried in the present study to obtain high quality and pure DNA viz., (i) Doyle and Doyle (1987), (ii) Method of Murray and Thompson (1980), (iii) Porebski et al.(1997), and (iv) Lin et al. (2001). Out of the four methods tried for DNA extraction, the method of Lin et al. (2001) was found most efficient, as the DNA obtained through this protocol was relatively pure which gave amplifying products in the PCR. The genotype used for the standardization was MGG -361.
RÉSUMÉ
A total of twenty five endophytic bacteria were isolated from green gram Vigna radiata (L.) plant. Four isolates which have shown better response for plant growth promoting effects on green gram plants were used as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in this study. It has been detected that up to 40% of the genomic 16S rRNA of isolated bacteria belongs to the Azotobacter genus. The result for phosphate solubilizing activities in NPRIB broth and Pikovskaya broth by UV-VIS Spectrophotometer (830 nm) showed that isolate FR was the best candidate in solubilizing of phosphorous showing 49.817Ppm with NPRIB broth and 53.534Ppm with Pikovskaya broth,respectively. Of all studied endophytes, isolates NL and NR have shown high nitrogenase activities and the activities being 2570.40 and 2108.00 n mole of C2H4 ml-1h-1 respectively. These strains will be selected for further use. The IAA production of all isolates was identified by FTIR spectroscopy and Spectrum for Crude IAA Extract of isolate FL is the best candidate for IAA production. The insoluble Potassium (K+) content in mica sample and the soluble K+ content by the inoculated samples were analyzed the atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) method and isolates FL, FR, and NR were found to be good at decomposing insoluble potassium. These results indicated that the selected all four endophytic microbes could be excellent candidates for use as biofertilizer.
RÉSUMÉ
A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of biomass power plant effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of green gram (variety LGG 460) have been estimated at different effluent concentrations and time intervals. The effluent is alkaline in nature (pH 8.5), odorless, and comprises of heavy metals such as Cr (0.071 mg l-1),Cu (0.014 mg l-1), Mn (0.036 mg l-1), Fe (0.05 mg l-1),Co (0.31 mg l-1), Ni (0.041 mg l-1),Cd (0.028 mg l-1), Pb (0.108 mg l-1) and Zn (6.73 mg l-1). The germination percentage of seed, seedling growth and chlorophyll content showed a gradual decline with increase in effluent concentration. It has been observed that at 25% effluent concentration, there is growth in the root length (3.50 cm seedling-1), an increase in shoot length (23.90 cm seedling-1) and total chlorophyll content (4.467 mg g-1 fresh weight) up to 20 days. After 20th day there is decline in all the parameters observed. However, at higher concentrations of the effluent, toxic effects were observed from 20th day. This suggests that the effluent can be used safely for green gram cultivation, only after proper treatment and dilution.