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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-225679

Résumé

Urinary schistosomiasis or Bilharzia caused by fluke worm Schistosoma haematobium(S. haematobium) is one of the seventeen (17) neglected tropical diseases associated with serious health problems and morbidities. It affects over 200 million people globally with an estimated death rate of more than 200, 000 annually and very common in Sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of S. haematobiumand provide epidemiological data in part of Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 202 consenting participants, using both maleand female attending Jarma Uk Orphanage home and Bakin Gulbi primary school. Detection and evaluation were done using Gold Standard Microscopy and commercially available Rapid Detection Test strips. Statistical analysis was carried out using a statisticalpackage (SPSS version 26). A prevalence of 34(16.8%) among 202 from gold standard microscopy and 13(6.4%) circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) were obtained. High infection risk was observed among participant on swimming as a recreational activity 32(15.8%)at p<0.046 A gender prevalence of 26 (12.87%) and 8 (3.96%) at p<0.067 from male and female respectively were obtained. Female at the age group 11-15 had 27 (13.36%), and those with agriculture as recreational activity had the least infection risk 2(0.99%). This study showed that CCA has a less sensitivity and specificity than gold standard microscopy.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219355

Résumé

Urinary schistosomiasis which is transmitted by schistosome species is the major cause of liver and bladder pathologies and still remains a serious threat in the underdeveloped and developing world. This study evaluates the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobiuminfection among school aged children in Biase, Obubra and Ogoja Local Government Areas of Cross River State. Five hundred (500) pupils were examined and selected randomly from a public primary and secondary schools in the study area. Freshly passed mid-day urine samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory where there were examined for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Study participants were grouped into three age groups,8-10 years. 11-13 years, and 14-16 years old. Overall prevalence of S. heamatobium was (13.6%). Infection was more prevalent among the age group of 14-16years, the percentage of prevalence and intensity of infection were higher in males (14.1%) than in females (6.9%). Inter simple sequence repeats of PCR test performed for the collected urine samples using ISSR test of the Dral-1 gene reveals 73% study subjects had a polymorphism for UPA02 and UPA13 primers, while primer UPA13 showed 24% polymorphism. Total number of polymorphic bands were 2 each for primers UPA02 and UPA13 primers while UPA12 showed only one polymorphic band. Major allele frequencies (MAF) were 0.53 for each of UPA02 and UPA 13 primers but showed 0.71 frequency with UPA12 primer. Allele frequencies (AF) also varied slightly among the primers used. UPA02 and UPA 13 had allele frequencies of 8 each while UPA12 had 4 allele frequencies (Table 13). Nei抯 genetic diversity indices for the primers revealed variations among the different primers. UPA02 and UPA13 Nei抯 gene diversity of 0.64 each while primer UPA12 showed gene diversity of 0.28. Results of polymorphic information content showed that primers UPA02 and UPA13 discriminately revealed a PIC of 0.68 while UPA12 discriminated 0.28 PIC. This study therefore, revealed a critical need for targeting health campaign towards school age children and heads of households in order to empower them with the basic knowledge to recognize, treat and manage their health challenges.Applications of one to two doses of praziquantel considerably reduced the severity of urinary Schistosomiasis in the study area.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-209616

Résumé

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in terms of morbidity and mortalityand it is endemic in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in four communities (Agbura, Otakeme, Otuagela and Otuokpoti) in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria using Filtration and Sedimentation technique. Snails collected were identified by the shape of their outer shell. Basic statistics method and ANOVA wasused to analyze the data. Out of the 276 urine samples examined, 36 (13.0%) tested positive for Schistosoma haematobium.The age-related infection showed that the age-group 10-14 years (26.9%) had the highest rate of infection, followed by 5-9 years 7 (19.4%). Age-group 50 years and above hadazero infection rate. Sex -related infection showed that an overall prevalence rate of 71.6% was recorded among males and 39.4% for females indicating that infection was higher in males than in females in all the communities; In Otuokpoti, males 8(33.3%) to females 5 (15.1%), In Otakeme, males had 6 (12.8%) than females 5 (15.6%), in Otuagela males had 7 (16.7%) than females 2 (8.7%) and in Agbura males had 3 (8.8%) than females 1 (9.1%). Primary school children had the highest 16 (21.9%) while retired civil servants had 0(0.0%). The difference was significant. Bulinus globosuswas the onlysnail intermediate host identified in both ponds and streams. Human water contact activities observed around the water bodies were recreational activities (washing, bathing, fishing)and harvesting of freshwater snails. Variance (ANOVA) of the age-specific prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in the four communities showed no significant difference at P<0.05 (P=0.082) among sampled population and also no significant difference at P<0.05 (P=0.55) across the infected population in the four communities. In conclusion, urogenital schistosomiasis is still prevalent and remains a public health challenge in Ogbia, Bayelsastate. It is strongly recommended that health education and provision of safe water should be stepped up as a control measure of the infection in the area

4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-209606

Résumé

Aim:The aim of this study was to describe temperature, precipitation pattern and the occurrence of maternal urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) in Munyenge in 2017. Study Design:It was a twelve-month cross-sectional study.Study Site and Duration:The study was carried out in Munyenge from January to December 2017. Materials and Methods:Volunteer pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic were enrolled consecutively on a monthly basis from January to December 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic data and water contact behaviour. Urine samples were analysed for presence of microhaematuria and/or Schistosoma haematobiumova using filtration method. Monthly land surface temperature (LST) and precipitation were sourced from MODIS and CHIRPS satellite data respectively. Statistical analyses performed were analysis of variance, student t-test and correlation analysis. Results:The mean annual temperature was 27.18 ± 0.74°C. Monthly temperatures were fairly constant (range: 26.12 to 28.82°C). Precipitation varied greatly(range: 0.26 -12.75mm) with a mean of 6.58 ± 4.5mm. A marginal negative correlation (r = -0.586; P= .04) was observed between stream usage and precipitation where stream usage reduced with increase in precipitation. Generally, there was high dependence on the stream as source of water (60.9 -90.6%) in the study area. Dependency on the stream was associated (r = 0.603; P= .03) with domestic and bathing activities. The annual prevalence of maternal UGS was 24.1% (77/320) with a high occurrence during the rainy season (16.6%; 53/320) than the dry season (7.5%; 24/320) but the difference was not significant (χ2= 2.26; P= .13). There was no significant difference between months. Conclusion:Our findings show no seasonal variation in the occurrence of maternal UGS in Munyenge. Transmission of infection may be perennia

5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 36(2): 238-242, abr. 2019. ilus
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020631

Résumé

Resumen La esquistomiasis urinaria es producida por Schistosoma haematobium. Es una enfermedad endémica en muchas regiones del mundo, no existente en Chile. Se presenta el caso de un hombre joven que viajó a Malawi, en África meridional, y que a su regreso al país, años después, presentó un síndrome miccional con hematuria macroscópica. La biopsia de vejiga mostró una cistitis granulomatosa y eosinofílica con huevos de Schistosoma haematobium.


Urinary schistosomiasis is produced by Schistosoma haematobium. It is an endemic disease in many regions of the world, non-existent in Chile. We report a case of a young man who traveled to Malawi, in southern Africa, and who returned to Chile. Few years later, he presented a urinary syndrome with macroscopic hematuria. The bladder biopsy showed a granulomatous and eosinophilic cystitis with eggs of Schistosoma haematobium.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Bilharziose urinaire/diagnostic , Bilharziose urinaire/anatomopathologie , Schistosoma haematobium , Chili , Malawi
6.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 135-144, 2019.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-761728

Résumé

There have been some reports on schistosomiasis of school children in Sudan’s Nile River basin area; however, information about the infection status of Schistosoma species and intestinal helminths among village residents of this area is very limited. Urine and stool samples were collected from the 1,138 residents of the Al Hidaib and Khour Ajwal villages of White Nile State, Sudan in 2014. The prevalence of overall schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthiasis was 36.3% and 7.7%, respectively. Egg positive rates were 35.6% for Schistosoma haematobium, 2.6% for S. mansoni, and 1.4% were mixed. The prevalence of schistosomiasis was significantly higher in men (45.6%) than in women (32.0%), in Khou Ajwal villagers (39.4%) than in Al Hidaib villagers (19.2%), and for age groups ≤15 years old (51.5%) than for age groups >15 years old (13.2%). The average number of eggs per 10 ml urine (EP10) of S. haematobium infections was 18.9, with 22.2 eggs in men vs 17.0 in women and 20.4 in Khou Ajwal villagers vs 8.1 in Al Hidaib villagers. In addition to S. mansoni eggs, 4 different species of intestinal helminths were found in the stool, including Hymenolepis nana (6.6%) and H. diminuta (1.0%). Collectively, urinary schistosomiasis is still prevalent among village residents in Sudan’s White Nile River basin and was especially high in men, children ≤15 years, and in the village without a clean water system. H. nana was the most frequently detected intestinal helminths in the 2 villages.


Sujets)
Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Oeufs , Helminthiase , Helminthes , Hymenolepis nana , Ovule , Prévalence , Rivières , Schistosoma , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosoma mansoni , Bilharziose urinaire , Schistosomiase , Soudan , Eau
7.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 577-581, 2018.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-742294

Résumé

Schistosomiasis is prevalent in Nigeria, and the foremost pathogen is Schistosoma haematobium, which affects about 29 million people. Single dose of the drug praziquantel is often recommended for treatment but the efficacy has not been documented in certain regions. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the impact of single dose praziquantel treatment on S. haematobium infection among school children in an endemic community of South-Western Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from 434 school children and 10 ml was filtered through Nucleopore filter paper before examination for egg outputs by microscopy. The prevalence was 24.9% at pre-treatment. There was no statistically significant difference for the prevalence of infection between males (14.7%) and females (10.2%), although the mean egg count for the females (9.87) was significantly more (P < 0.05) than the males (6.06). At 6 and 12 months post-treatment there was 74.4% and 86.4% reduction in the mean egg count, respectively. Interestingly, an increased prevalence of infection from 2.1% at 6 months to 7.7% at 12 months post-treatment was observed, nonetheless the mean egg count was reduced to 0.27 at 12th month from 1.98 at 6 months post-treatment. Resurgence in the prevalence rate between 6 and 12 months post-treatment with praziquantel is herein reported and the need for a follow-up treatment in endemic areas for adequate impact on schistosomiasis control is discussed.


Sujets)
Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Études de suivi , Microscopie , Nigeria , Ovule , Praziquantel , Prévalence , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosoma , Schistosomiase
8.
Obstetrics & Gynecology Science ; : 529-532, 2018.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-715916

Résumé

Dermoid cysts or mature cystic teratoma are the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor. It may be complicated by torsion, rupture, chemical peritonitis and malignant change but is rarely complicated by infection. We present a case of an ovarian dermoid cyst with super-infection caused by Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium). We present here a case of incidental finding of S. haematobium eggs in an infected cystic teratoma of the ovary because of the rare occurrence of this lesion. A 45-year-old Moroccan woman admitted to the gynecological department because of abdominal pain and fever. Gynecological examination, ultrasonography, and abdominopelvic computed tomography scan revealed an ovarian mass thought to be a dermoid cyst. The pathological evaluation suggested infected ovarian dermoid cyst with the presence of adult worm in the tumor, contains same eggs of S. haematobium. Super-infection of an ovarian dermoid cyst is a rare event, and the association with S. haematobium is extremely rare in the literature.


Sujets)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Adulte d'âge moyen , Douleur abdominale , Kyste dermoïde , Oeufs , Fièvre , Examen gynécologique , Résultats fortuits , Tumeurs embryonnaires et germinales , Ovaire , Ovule , Péritonite , Rupture , Schistosoma haematobium , Tératome , Échographie
9.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : e238-2018.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-716525

Résumé

BACKGROUND: Schistosoma haematobium which causes urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) is highly prevalent in African countries. Urine microscopy (UM) is the first-line diagnostic method of UGS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common method for screening many parasite infections primarily or alternatively. The present study established an in-house diagnostic system by ELISA and evaluated its diagnostic efficacy in comparison with UM for screening UGS in White Nile State, Republic of Sudan, 2011–2013. METHODS: A total of 490 participants were screened by UM or ELISA, and 149 by both. The in-house ELISA system was established employing soluble egg antigen of S. haematobium and the cut-off absorbance was set at 0.270. RESULTS: Of the 149 subjects, 58 participants (38.9%) were positive by UM, 119 (79.9%) were positive by ELISA and 82 (55.0%) showed consistently positive or negative results by both methods. The diagnostic sensitivity of ELISA was 94.8% and specificity was 29.7% based on UM results. The ELISA positive serum samples also cross-reacted with egg antigens of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. CONCLUSION: We have established in-house ELISA for screening serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies by employing soluble egg antigen of S. haematobium for diagnosis of UGS with 94.8% sensitivity and 29.7% specificity. The ELISA system can supplement the conventional diagnosis by UM.


Sujets)
Anticorps , Diagnostic , Test ELISA , Immunoglobulines , Dépistage de masse , Méthodes , Microscopie , Ovule , Parasites , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosoma japonicum , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosoma , Bilharziose urinaire , Sensibilité et spécificité , Soudan
10.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 21-29, 2017.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-168709

Résumé

Schistosoma haematobium is a biocarcinogen of human urinary bladder (UB). The present study investigated developing UB cancer mouse model by injecting S. haematobium eggs into the bladder wall and introduction of chemical carcinogens. Histopathological findings showed mild hyperplasia to epithelial vacuolar change, and high grade dysplasia. Squamous metaplasia was observed in the S. haematobium eggs+NDMA group at week 12 but not in other groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly high expression of Ki-67 in urothelial epithelial cells of the S. haematobium eggs+BBN group at week 20. The qRT-PCR showed high expression of p53 gene in S. haematobium eggs group at week 4 and S. haematobium eggs+BBN group at week 20. E-cadherin and vimentin showed contrasting expression in S. haematobium eggs+BBN group. Such inverse expression of E-cadherin and vimentin may indicate epithelial mesenchymal transition in the UB tissue. In conclusion, S. haematobium eggs and nitrosamines may transform UB cells into squamous metaplasia and dysplasia in correlation with increased expression of Ki-67. Marked decrease in E-cadherin and increase in p53 and vimentin expressions may support the transformation. The present study introduces a promising modified animal model for UB cancer study using S. haematobium eggs.


Sujets)
Animaux , Humains , Souris , Cadhérines , Cancérogènes , N-Méthyl-N-nitroso-méthanamine , Oeufs , Cellules épithéliales , Transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse , Gènes p53 , Hyperplasie , Immunohistochimie , Métaplasie , Modèles animaux , Nitrosamines , Ovule , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosoma , Tumeurs de la vessie urinaire , Vessie urinaire , Vimentine
11.
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control ; (6): 108-110, 2017.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-507011

Résumé

Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium,including the pathological features of the disease and therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel. Methods The data of the patient with schistoso?miasis haematobium were collected,and the pathological features of the bladder tissue were observed under a microscope. More?over,the patient was treated with praziquantel,and his urine was collected before and after the treatment. The eggs in the urine were examined by a microscope after sediment and the miracidia were hatched. Results The patient once worked in Angola for three months,and after returning home he had the symptoms of intermittent painless terminal hematuresis. It was ineffective af?ter anti?inflammatory treatment in a number of hospitals. There were no sand spots discovered under the cystoscope. However , the inflammatory reaction to parasite with a lot of eosinophils infiltration in the bladder mucosa was found on the pathological sec?tions under a microscope,and the egg structure was observed with individual characteristics. The eggs were detected in the urine and the miracidia were hatched before the praziquantel treatment. The hematuria symptoms disappeared after the praziquantel treatment. The eggs were still detected in the urine 7 days post?treatment,but the miracidium could not be hatched. One month and 6 months post?treatment,the eggs were not detected in the urine. Conclusions The imported cases of schistosomiasis hae?matobium are often misdiagnosed,and therefore,it is necessary to strength the health education to the workers overseas and also to improve the ability of diagnosis in medical staff. For the case reported in this paper,there are typical structure of Schistosoma haematobium eggs and egg?granulomas on the pathological sections of bladder tissues. Praziquantel has satisfactory treatment re?sults.

12.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 477-484, 2016.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-99318

Résumé

There is renewed interest in natural products as a starting point for discovery of drugs for schistosomiasis. Recent studies have shown that phytol reveals interesting in vivo and in vitro antischistosomal properties against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Here, we report the in vitro antischistosomal activity of phytol against Schistosoma haematobium juvenile and adult worms and alterations on the tegumental surface of the worms by means of scanning electron microscopy. The assay, which was carried out with 6 concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 μg/ml) of phytol, has shown a promising activity in a dose and time-dependent manner. There was a significant decline in the motility of the worms and a mortality rate of 100% was found at 48 hr after they had been exposed to phytol in the concentration of 150 μg/ml. Male worms were more susceptible. On the ultrastructural level, phytol also induced tegumental peeling, disintegration of tubercles and spines in addition to morphological disfiguring of the oral and ventral suckers. This report provides the first evidence that phytol is able to kill S. haematobium of different ages, and emphasizes that it is a promising natural product that could be used for development of a new schistosomicidal agent.


Sujets)
Adulte , Humains , Mâle , Produits biologiques , Techniques in vitro , Microscopie électronique à balayage , Mortalité , Phytol , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosoma , Schistosomiase , Rachis
13.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine ; (12): 488-492, 2015.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-950917

Résumé

Objective: To investigate the effect of pre-existing Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) infection on malaria disease severity. Methods: The study involved the use of twenty-five imprinting control region mice, fifteen of which were initially infected with S. haematobium. Five of the remaining ten schisto-uninfected mice together with five schisto-infected mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) after four weeks (acute stage) of schistosoma infection. The remaining five schisto-uninfected mice together with five schisto-infected mice were also infected with P. berghei after seven weeks (chronic stage) of schistosoma infection. The last five schisto-infected mice were used as control group. They were then monitored for changes in P. berghei parasitaemia on Days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 post-infection. Records on their survivability were also taken. Results: The co-infected mice had significantly higher malaria parasitaemia, compared with the mono-infected mice during acute S. haematobium infection. In contrast, the coinfected mice had significantly lower malaria parasitaemia during chronic S. haematobium infection and a higher survival rate. Conclusions: Co-infection of mice with P. berghei during acute S. haematobium infection resulted in rapid P. berghei development and increased malaria parasitaemia. However, the co-infection resulted in slower P. berghei development and decreased malaria parasitaemia with enhanced survivability of the mice during chronic S. haematobium infection. Therefore, pre-existing chronic S. haematobium infection may provide some protection to the host by reducing parasitaemia.

14.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 515-524, 2015.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-160912

Résumé

The objectives of this study was to conduct a survey on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in order to come up with feasible control strategies in Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. Depending on the size of the school, 150-200 schoolchildren were recruited for the study. Duplicate Kato-Katz stool smears were prepared from each child and microscopically examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STHs. Urine specimens were examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs using the filtration technique. After the survey, mass drug administration was done using praziquantel and albendazole for schistosomiasis and STHs infections, respectively. A total of 5,952 schoolchildren from 36 schools were recruited for the study and had their stool and urine specimens examined. Out of 5,952 schoolchildren, 898 (15.1%) were positive for S. mansoni, 754 (12.6%) for hookworms, 188 (3.2%) for Ascaris lumblicoides, and 5 (0.008%) for Trichuris trichiura. Out of 5,826 schoolchildren who provided urine samples, 519 (8.9%) were positive for S. haematobium eggs. The results revealed that intestinal schistosomiasis, urogenital schistosomiasis, and STH infections are highly prevalent throughought the lake basin. The high prevalence of intestinal and urogenital schistosomisiasis in the study area was a function of the distance from Lake Victoria, the former being more prevalent at localities close to the lake, whilst the latter is more so away from it. Control of schistosomiasis and STHs in the study area requires an integrated strategy that involves provision of health education to communities, regular treatments, and provision of adequate safe water supply and sanitation facilities.


Sujets)
Adolescent , Animaux , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Albendazole/usage thérapeutique , Anthelminthiques/usage thérapeutique , Fèces/parasitologie , Helminthiase/traitement médicamenteux , Helminthes/classification , Parasitoses intestinales/traitement médicamenteux , Praziquantel/usage thérapeutique , Prévalence , Schistosomiase/traitement médicamenteux , Établissements scolaires , Étudiants , Tanzanie/épidémiologie , Urine/parasitologie
15.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 525-533, 2015.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-160911

Résumé

The objective of this study was to carry out a community survey on schistosomiais and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in order to suggest feasible and effective intervention strategies in Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. A total of 37 communities selected from 23 districts of the 4 regions in the Lake Victoria basin of Tanzania were involved in the study. From each of the selected locality, 50 adult community members, 25 males and 25 females, were recruited for the study. Each study participant was requested to submit stool and urine specimens. From each stool specimen, duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were prepared and microscopically examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STH eggs. Urine specimens were processed by the filtration technique and microscopically examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Ultrasound examination for morbidity due to schistosomiasis was performed. Mass treatment was done using praziquantel and albendazole for schistosome and STHs infections, respectively. Out of 1,606 adults who provided stool specimens, 199 (12.4%) were positive for S. mansoni, 349 (21.7%) for hookworms, 133 (8.3%) for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 33 (2.0%) for Trichuris trichiura. Out of 1,400 participants who provided urine specimens, 25 (1.8%) were positive for S. haematobium eggs. Because of the co-endemicity of these afflictions and their impact on vulnerable population groups, the helminthiasis could be simultaneously treated with 2 drugs, praziquantel for schistosomiasis and albendazole for STHs.


Sujets)
Adulte , Animaux , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Albendazole/usage thérapeutique , Anthelminthiques/usage thérapeutique , Fèces/parasitologie , Helminthiase/traitement médicamenteux , Helminthes/classification , Parasitoses intestinales/traitement médicamenteux , Lacs , Microscopie , Praziquantel/usage thérapeutique , Prévalence , Schistosomiase/traitement médicamenteux , Tanzanie/épidémiologie , Urine/parasitologie
16.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 271-277, 2015.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-83622

Résumé

The genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium remains largely unstudied in comparison to that of Schistosoma mansoni. To characterize the extent of genetic diversity in S. haematobium among its definitive host (humans), we collected S. haematobium eggs from the urine of 73 infected schoolchildren at 5 primary schools in White Nile State, Sudan, and then performed a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker ITS2 by PCR-RFLP analysis. Among 73 S. haematobium egg-positive cases, 13 were selected based on the presence of the S. haematobium satellite markers A4 and B2 in their genomic DNA, and used for RFLP analysis. The 13 samples were subjected to an RFLP analysis of the S. haematobium ITS2 region; however, there was no variation in size among the fragments. Compared to the ITS2 sequences obtained for S. haematobium from Kenya, the nucleotide sequences of the ITS2 regions of S. haematobium from 4 areas in Sudan were consistent with those from Kenya (> 99%). In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that most of the S. haematobium population in Sudan consists of a pan-African S. haematobium genotype; however, we also report the discovery of Kenyan strain inflow into White Nile, Sudan.


Sujets)
Adolescent , Animaux , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Séquence nucléotidique , ADN des helminthes/génétique , Variation génétique , Génotype , Données de séquences moléculaires , Ovule/classification , Numération des oeufs de parasites , Polymorphisme de restriction , Schistosoma haematobium/génétique , Bilharziose urinaire/diagnostic , Étudiants , Soudan/épidémiologie , Urine/parasitologie
17.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 129-134, 2015.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-130544

Résumé

Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.


Sujets)
Adolescent , Animaux , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Variation génétique , Génotype , Mali , Répétitions microsatellites , Nigeria , Schistosoma haematobium/classification , Bilharziose urinaire/parasitologie
18.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 129-134, 2015.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-130539

Résumé

Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.


Sujets)
Adolescent , Animaux , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Variation génétique , Génotype , Mali , Répétitions microsatellites , Nigeria , Schistosoma haematobium/classification , Bilharziose urinaire/parasitologie
19.
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-166865

Résumé

Over 650 million people globally are at risk of infection with Schistosomiasis, with more than 200 million people infected, and higher disease rates occur in children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the Molecular diagnostic method with different diagnostic methods (urine filtration, haematuria ultrasound). Methods: Eighty three students of Quran School for boys in Radwan village, Gezira state were recruited. The mean age was 12.45±3.2 with a range between 6-20 years. Urine samples were collected. Different diagnostic methods were used. DNA was extracted from the eggs. Polymerase Chain Reaction was done for all samples. Results: Fifty-four percent of the cases were positive with urine filtration method, of whom microhaematuria was seen in 28%, while 61.4% were positive by ultrasound. Using polymerase chain reaction 73.3% of the samples were positive for Schistosoma haematobium. The comparison between the different diagnostic methods and gold standard urine filtration techniques showed that haematuria had a sensitivity of 42.2% and specificity of 89.4% with a significant association, (P<0.05). No, significant difference was found with ultrasound (P>0.05) which had a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 50%, while PCR showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 60.5%, showing a significant association between PCR and filtration techniques. Conclusion: The study concluded that PCR was 100% sensitivite, while microhaematuria method was highly specific 89%. Ultrasound had alower specificity as compared with other diagnostic tests. It is recommended that different diagnostic techniques should be applied according to the situation of the disease.

20.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(3): 219-224, May-Jun/2014. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-710399

Résumé

This study aims to assess the association between schistosomiasis and hookworm infection with hemoglobin levels of schoolchildren in northern Mozambique. Through a cross-sectional survey, 1,015 children from five to 12 years old in the provinces of Nampula, Cabo Delgado and Niassa were studied. Hookworm infection and urinary schistosomiasis were diagnosed, through Ritchie and filtration methods, with a prevalence of 31.3% and 59.1%, respectively. Hemoglobin levels were obtained with a portable photometer (Hemocue®). The average hemoglobin concentration was 10.8 ± 1.42 g/dL, and 62.1% of the children presented levels below 11.5 g/dL, of which 11.8% of the total number of children had hemoglobin levels below 9 g/dL. A multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated negative interactions between hemoglobin levels and ancylostomiasis, this being restricted to the province of Cabo Delgado (β = -0.55; p < 0.001) where an independent interaction between hemoglobin levels and urinary schistosomiasis was also observed (β = -0.35; p = 0.016). The logistical regression model indicated that hookworm infection represents a predictor of mild (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.17-3.00) and moderate/severe anemia (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.50 - 4.89). We concluded that, in the province of Cabo Delgado, hookworm and Schistosoma haematobium infections negatively influence hemoglobin levels in schoolchildren. Periodical deworming should be considered in the region. Health education and improvements in sanitary infrastructure could achieve long-term and sustainable reductions in soil-transmitted helminthiases and schistosomiasis prevalence rates.


Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a ancilostomíase e a esquistossomíase urinária com as concentrações sanguíneas de hemoglobina em crianças escolares no norte de Moçambique. Em estudo transversal, 1.015 crianças com idade entre cinco e 12 anos foram incluídas, nas Províncias de Nampula, Cabo Delgado e Niassa. A ancilostomíase e a esquistossomíase urinária foram diagnosticadas através das técnicas de Ritchie e de filtração da urina, respectivamente; prevalências de 31,3% e 59,1% foram observadas. As concentrações sanguíneas de hemoglobina foram obtidas com um fotômetro portátil (Hemocue). A concentração média de hemoglobina foi 10,8 ± 1.42 g/dL, 62,1% das crianças apresentaram concentração abaixo de 11,5 g/dL e 11,8% apresentaram nível abaixo de 9 g/dL. A regressão linear múltipla demonstrou interações negativas entre os níveis de hemoglobina e i) a infecção por ancilostomídeos (β = -0,55; p < 0,001) e ii) a esquistossomíase urinária (β = -0,35; p = 0,016), ambas associações restritas à Província de Cabo Delgado. Também em Cabo Delgado, o modelo de regressão logística demonstrou que a infecção por ancilostomídeos representa um preditor de anemia leve (OR = 1,87; 95% CI = 1,17-3,00) e anemia moderada/grave (OR = 2,71; 95% CI = 1,50 - 4,89). O estudo conclui que em Cabo Delgado, Moçambique, as infecções por ancilostomídeos e Schistosoma haematobium estão significativamente associadas a uma menor concentração sanguínea de hemoglobina em crianças em idade escolar. A administração periódica de anti-helmínticos deve ser feita regularmente. Melhorias na infraestrutura sanitária das regiões estudadas são as medidas mais eficazes para controle destas parasitoses.


Sujets)
Animaux , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Anémie/parasitologie , Hémoglobine A/analyse , Infections à ankylostomes/complications , Bilharziose urinaire/complications , Anémie/sang , Infections à ankylostomes/sang , Mozambique , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Bilharziose urinaire/sang
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