ARGEN-IAM-ST: adultos mayores con infarto, ¿son todos iguales? / ARGEN-IAM-ST Registry: older adults with infarction: Are they all the same?

Resumen Introducción : Actualmente se define al paciente como adulto mayor (AM) si su edad es al menos de 60 años. Dada la expectativa de vida prolongada resulta intere sante evaluar si todos los AM con infarto agudo de mio cardio (IAM) son iguales. Los objetivos fueron conocer la prevalencia de AM en el IAM y dentro de ellos, la de los ≥75 años y analizar características, tratamientos de reperfusión y mortalidad intrahospitalaria de acuerdo a si son < o ≥ 75 años. Métodos : Se analizaron los pacientes AM ingresados en el Registro Nacional de Infarto con supra desnivel del segmento ST (ARGEN-IAM-ST). Se los dividió en grupo 1: 60-74 años y grupo 2: ≥ 75 años y se compararon entre sí. Resultados : AM 3626, 75.92% del Grupo 1, el resto del Grupo 2. En el grupo 2 hubo más mujeres, hipertensos y con antecedentes coronarios. Hubo similar porcentaje de diabetes y dislipidemia, pero menos de tabaquistas. En el Grupo 2 se empleó menos tratamiento de reperfusión (aunque más angioplastia primaria), con similar tiempo puerta-balón. Los pacientes del Grupo 2 recibieron me nos medicamentos de probada eficacia y en la evolución hospitalaria, más sangrado (aunque no mayor), más insuficiencia cardíaca y más mortalidad: 18.3% vs 9.4%, p<0.001. La edad ≥75 años fue predictor independiente de mortalidad. Conclusiones : Uno de cada cuatro AM con IAM tiene más de 75 años; estos pacientes reciben menos reper fusión, presentan más insuficiencia cardíaca y sangrado y tienen el doble de mortalidad que los pacientes de entre 60 y 74 años.

Abstract Introduction : Currently the patient is defined as an older adult (OA) when the age is at least 60 years. Given the long life expectancy, it is interesting to evaluate whether all OAs with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are equal. The objectives were to know the prevalence of OA in AMI and within them, that of those ≥75 years of age and to analyze characteristics, reperfusion treat ments and in-hospital mortality according to whether they are < or ≥ 75 years of age. Methods : OA patients admitted to the National Reg istry of Infarction with ST segment elevation (ARGEN-IAM-ST) were analyzed. They were divided into group 1: 60-74 years old and group 2: ≥ 75 years old and compared with each other. Results : 3626 AM, 75.9% from Group 1, the rest from Group 2. In group 2 there were more women, hyperten sive and with a history of coronary arteries. There was a similar percentage of diabetes and dyslipidemia, but fewer of smokers. In Group 2, less reperfusion treat ment was used (although more primary angioplasty), with similar door-to-balloon time. Patients in Group 2 received fewer medications of proven efficacy and in the hospital course, they had more bleeding (although not major), more heart failure and more mortality: 18.3% vs. 9.4%, p<0.001. Age ≥75 years was an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusions : one in four patients with AMI is over 75 years old; they receive less reperfusion, have more heart failure, bleeding and twice the mortality rate than patients between 60 and 74 years.

Interdisciplinary training program for pediatric cardiorespiratory arrest using rapid cycle deliberate practice: A descriptive cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) is a severe public health concern, and clinical simulation has proven to be a beneficial educational strategy for training on this topic. OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a program for pediatric cardiac arrest care using rapid-cycle deliberate practice (RCDP), the quality of the technique employed, and participants' opinions on the methodology. DESIGN AND SETTING: This descriptive cross-sectional study of pre- and post-performance training in cardiopul monary resuscitation (CPR) techniques and reaction evaluation was conducted in a hospital in São Paulo. METHODS: Multidisciplinary groups performed pediatric resuscitation in a simulated scenario with RCDP mediated by a facilitator. The study sample included professionals working in patient care. During the simulation, the participants were evaluated for their compliance with the CRA care algorithm. Further, their execution of chest compressions was assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: In total, 302 professionals were trained in this study. The overall quality of CPR measured pre-intervention was inadequate, and only 26% had adequate technique proficiency, whereas it was 91% (P < 0.01) post-intervention. Of the participants, 95.7% responded to the final evaluation and provided positive comments on the method and their satisfaction with the novel simulation. Of these, 88% considered that repetition of the technique used was more effective than traditional simulation. CONCLUSIONS: The RCDP is effective for training multidisciplinary teams in pediatric CPR, with an emphasis on the quality of chest compressions. However, further studies are necessary to explore whether this trend translates to differential performances in practical settings.

Histologia do miocárdio normal e infartado / Histology of normal and infarcted myocardial

Introdução: O infarto do miocárdio é uma patologia que apresenta grande morbidade e mortalidade. Ele é resultado da necrose de cadiomiócitos provocada por dificuldade de oxigenação. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi rever a histologia do miocárdio e suas alterações histológicas quando infartado. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa em livros técnicos e artigos cinetíficos publicados na SciELO e PubMed. Resultados: O miocárdio é formado por cardiomiócitos, que se contraem em função dos sarcômeros dispostos em suas miofibrilas e apresentam eficiente comunicação elétrica entre si por meio de junções comunicantes. O infarto do miocárdio promove morte dos cardiomiócitos, alterações em elementos citoplasmáticos e na condução elétrica além da formação de tecido cicatricial fibroso. Conclusão: Em conclusão, o miocárdio é altamente vascularizado e formado por cardiomiócitos contráteis alongados e de composição sarcométrica. Em condições isquêmicas, como no infarto do miocárdio, há uma remodelação histológica no tecido muscular cardíaco que leva à fibrose e perda das funções contráteis.

Introduction: Myocardial infarction is a pathology that presents high morbidity and mortality. It is the result of cardiomyocyte necrosis caused by oxygenation difficulties. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the histology of the myocardium and its histological changes when infarcted. Method: This is a narrative review of technical books and scientific articles published in SciELO and PubMed. Results: The myocardium is formed by cardiomyocytes, which contract due to the sarcomeres arranged in their myofibrils and present efficient electrical communication with each other through gap junctions. Myocardial infarction promotes the death of cardiomyocytes, alterations in cytoplasmic elements and electrical conduction, in addition to the formation of fibrous scar tissue. Conclusion: In conclusion, the myocardium is highly vascularized and formed by elongated contractile cardiomyocytes with a sarcometric composition. In ischemic conditions, such as myocardial infarction, there is histological remodeling in cardiac muscle tissue that leads to fibrosis and loss of contractile functions

Nivel de información sobre factores de riesgo de Infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes ambulatorios, Corrientes año 2021 / Level of information on risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in outpatients, Corrientes year 2021

Determinar el nivel de información sobre factores de riesgo de Infarto agudo de miocardio en los pacientes ambulatorios que asisten a una institución de salud de la provincia de Corrientes año 2021. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, transversal y observacional. Muestra obtenida mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple compuesta por 108 pacientes que asistieron a los consultorios de Diabetes, Presurometría y Hospital de Día. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado mediante una prueba piloto. Variables: edad, sexo, nivel de instrucción, Nivel de información sobre alimentación, hábitos nocivos, actividad física y preguntas generales. Los resultados fueron volcados a una matriz diseñada en programa Excel. Resultados: La población en estudio presento una mediana de edad de 43, moda 39 y predomino del sexo masculino 56%, sobre el femenino 44%, en el nivel de instrucción prevaleció el secundario completo 19% seguido de primario incompleto 15%. Abordando los niveles de información sobre factores de riesgo de Infarto agudo de miocardio predominaron los niveles altos en todas las variables trabajadas, obteniendo un nivel general de información alto del 82%, se apreció en la alimentación 65%, hábitos nocivos 70%, aspectos generales un 86% y actividad física 48%. Conclusión: Esta investigación remarca la importancia de la educación permanente y en etapas tempranas sobre los factores de riesgo de Infarto Agudo de Miocardio. La población en estudio presento un nivel alto de información. No obstante, la educación debe fomentarse para llegar al 37% restante que obtuvo niveles inferiores[AU]

To determine the level of information on risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in outpatients attending a health institution in the province of Corrientes in 2021. Methodology: Quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. Sample obtained by simple random probabilistic sampling made up of 108 patients who attended the Diabetes, Blood Pressure and Day Hospital clinics. A validated questionnaire was applied by means of a pilot test. Variables: age, sex, level of education, level of information on food, harmful habits, physical activity and general questions. Te results were dumped into a matrix designed in Excel program. Results: Te population under study presented a median age of 43, mode 39 and a predominance of males 56%, over females 44%, on the level of education the complete secondary prevailed 19% followed by incomplete primary 15%. Addressing the levels of information on risk factors for acute myocardial infarction, high levels predominated in all the variables worked on, obtaining a high general level of information of 82%, disaggregating 65%, harmful habits 70%, aspects general 86% and physical activity 48%. Conclusion: Tis research highlights the importance of permanent education and in early stages about the risk factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Te study population presented a high level of information. However, education should be encouraged to reach the remaining 37% who obtained lower levels[AU]

: Determinar o nível de informação sobre fatores de risco para infarto agudo do miocárdio em pacientes ambulatoriais atendidos em uma instituição de saúde na província de Corrientes em 2021. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo descritivo, transversal e observacional. Amostra obtida por amostragem probabilística aleatória simples composta por 108 pacientes atendidos nas clínicas de Diabetes, Pressão Arterial e Hospital Dia. Foi aplicado um questionário validado por meio de teste piloto. Variáveis: idade, sexo, escolaridade, nível de informação sobre alimentação, hábitos nocivos, atividade física e questões gerais. Os resultados foram despejados em uma matriz projetada no programa Excel. Resultados: A população em estudo apresentou mediana de idade de 43 anos, moda 39 e predominância do sexo masculino 56%, sobre o feminino 44%, no nível de escolaridade o ensino médio completo prevaleceu 19% seguido do ensino fundamental incompleto 15%. Abordando os níveis de informação sobre fatores de risco para infarto agudo do miocárdio, predominaram níveis elevados em todas as variáveis trabalhadas, obtendo um nível geral de informação elevado de 82%, desagregando 65%, hábitos nocivos 70%, aspectos gerais 86% e atividade física 48%. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa destaca a importância da educação permanente e precoce sobre os fatores de risco do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio. A população do estudo apresentou um alto nível de informação. No entanto, a educação deve ser incentivada para atingir os 37% restantes que obtiveram níveis mais baixos[AU]

Aspectos clinicoepidemiológicos, electrocardiográficos, ecocardiográficos y terapéuticos en pacientes diabéticos con infarto agudo de miocardio / Clinical epidemiological, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and therapeutic aspects in diabetic patients with acute heart attack

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus se encuentra entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles más comunes en el mundo, y se estima que para el 2030 será diagnosticada en 7,7 % de la población mayor de 18 años, es decir, en 430 millones de individuos. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes diabéticos que presentaron infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST, según variables clinicoepidemiológicas, electrocardiográficas, ecocardiográficas y terapéuticas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2019, de 137 pacientes con antecedente de diabetes mellitus que presentaron infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST, atendidos en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Provincial Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron la edad, el sexo, la clase funcional, las complicaciones, la función sistólica y la diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo, la terapia de reperfusión empleada y el estado del paciente al egreso. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo masculino y el grupo etario mayor de 60 y más años. Se observó que el infarto agudo de miocardio en la topografía anterior presentara más complicaciones, así como mayor número de pacientes con tratamiento trombolítico y combinado. Asimismo, la mayoría de los pacientes egresaron vivos, lo cual se correspondió, además, con que recibieran terapia trombolítica. Al analizar a los pacientes con alteraciones segmentarias en el estudio ecocardiográfico, se obtuvo una primacía de los fallecidos en ese grupo en cuestión. Conclusiones: Los pacientes diabéticos que presentan infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST constituyen un grupo independiente con especificidades clínicas y ecocardiográficas y mayor riesgo de complicaciones mortales.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is not among the most common chronic non communicable diseases in the world, and is considered that by 2030 it will be diagnosed in the 7.7 % of the population over 18 years, that is to say, in 430 million individuals. Objective: To characterize diabetic patients that presented acute heart attack with elevation of the ST segment, according to clinical epidemiological, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and therapeutic variables. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out from January to December, 2019 of 137 patients with history of diabetes mellitus that presented acute heart attack with elevation of the ST segment, assisted in the Cardiology Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical-Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba. Among the analyzed variables figured the age, sex, functional class, complications, systolic and dyastolic function of the left ventricle, the therapy of reperfusion used and the state of the patient when discharged from the hospital. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the male sex and the 60 and over age group. It was observed that the acute heart attack in the previous topography presented more complications, as well as higher number of patients with thrombolitic and combined treatment. Also, most of the patients were alive when discharged from the hospital, which also corresponded with the thrombolitic therapy received. When analyzing the patients with segmental alterations in the echocardiographic study, a primacy of the deceaseds was obtained in that group. Conclusions: The diabetic patients that present acute heart attack with elevation of the ST segment constitute an independent group with clinical and echocardiographic specificities, and more risk of mortal complications.

Índice neutrófilo linfocitario en la predicción del infarto del miocardio tipo 4a / Lymphocyte neutrophilic index in the prediction of type 4 myocardial infarction

Introducción: El infarto del miocardio tipo 4a es una complicación del intervencionismo coronario percutáneo, que se asocia a un proceso inflamatorio. El índice neutrófilo linfocitario, como marcador de inflamación, pudiera incluirse en su estratificación del riesgo. Objetivos: Evaluar la sensibilidad, especificidad, los valores predictivos y la variación del índice neutrófilo linfocitario en la predicción del infarto del miocardio tipo 4a. Métodos: Investigación de cohorte prospectiva, en 184 pacientes a los que se les realizó intervencionismo coronario percutáneo. Resultados: Para un valor mayor e igual a 2,74, el índice mostró una sensibilidad de 72,0 por ciento, una especificidad de 74,8 por ciento un valor predictivo negativo de 94,4 por ciento en la predicción de infarto tipo 4a. La variación del índice fue predictor independiente de la complicación p < 0,001. Conclusiones: El índice neutrófilo linfocitario tiene alta sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo negativo en la predicción del infarto tipo 4a. Su elevación a las seis horas del proceder es un predictor independiente para dicha complicación(AU)

Introduction: Type 4a myocardial infarction is a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention, which is associated with an inflammatory process. The lymphocyte neutrophilic index, as a marker of inflammation, could be included in your risk stratification. Objectives: To assess the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and the variation of the lymphocyte neutrophilic index in the prediction of type 4a myocardial infarction. Methods: A prospective cohort investigation was carried in 184 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: For a value higher than and equal to 2.74, the index showed 72.0 percent, sensitivity, 74.8 percent specificity and 94.4 percent negative predictive value in the prediction of type 4a infarction. The variation of the index was an independent predictor of the complication p < 0.001. Conclusions: The lymphocyte neutrophil index has high sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value in the prediction of type 4a infarction. Its elevation six hours after the procedure is an independent predictor for this complication(AU)

Effect of Lifestyle based Edu Vaccine in Indian community: Study Outcomes of National Program for Prevention and Eradication of Heart Attack (NPPEHA)

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of Education (Edu) vaccine in National Program forPrevention and Eradication of Heart Attack (NPPEHA).Methods: This pretest–posttest designed study was held in the SAAOL Heart Center in different cities (Delhi,Kolkata, Bangalore, and Mumbai) of India from Nov 2016 to Dec 2017. Total 6,225 community people were enrolled.An educational counseling intervention (Edu vaccine) comprising: knowledge of heart, heart disease awareness,risk factor awareness, preventive measure awareness and diagnostic, and regular medical checkups were given tocommunity people with expert doctors through face-to-face interactions and video counseling. The effect of lifestylebased counseling was assessed through pre- and post-designed Edu vaccine questionnaire.Results: The results of this study showed a significant improvement in knowledge of heart (79.6%), heart diseaseawareness (87.8%), risk factor awareness (74.9%), preventive measure awareness (89.8%), diagnostic, and regularmedical checkups (84.7%), respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study showed a significant improvement in knowledge of heart (79.6%), heart diseaseawareness (87.8%), risk factor awareness (74.9%), preventive measure awareness (89.8%), diagnostic, and regularmedical checkups (84.7%), respectively. The first phase study of NPPEHA results conclude that lifestyle-based Eduvaccine is effective, and this tool is very easy to follow and heart attack prevention methods. The next phase ofNPPEHA program is ongoing and results are awaited.

Setenta y cinco años de rehabilitación cardiovascular en México / Seventy-five years of cardiovascular rehabilitation in Mexico

Resumen Los pacientes que sufren una enfermedad cardiovascular requieren de atención médica integral que involucre las terapias y procedimientos necesarios para reintegrarlos de forma óptima a su vida personal, familiar, laboral y social. Las intervenciones dirigidas a alcanzar dichas metas se incluyen en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca. Estos programas son diseáados para limitar los efectos dañinos tanto fisiológicos como psicológicos de las cardiopatías, reducir el riesgo de muerte súbita o reinfarto, controlar la sintomatología cardiovascular, estabilizar o revertir el proceso de aterosclerosis y mejorar el estado psicosocial y vocacional de los pacientes. Dichos programas existen en México desde la década de 1940 y han evolucionado a lo largo de los años, adaptándose a las condiciones de enfermedad presentes en nuestro país, desde su inicio con terapias para tratar a pacientes cardiopatía reumática hasta la aplicación del ejercicio físico en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca, cardiopatías congénitas complejas o hipertensión arterial pulmonar. Estas actividades son de índole transdisciplinaria e implica la integración de cardiólogos, fisioterapeutas, psicólogos y nutriólogos, entre otros. Actualmente, estos programas se han extendido a lo largo de la República Mexicana gracias a cardiólogos rehabilitadores egresados de las principales instituciones de salud del país, como son los Institutos de Salud, el IMSS (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) y el ISSSTE (Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado). En este documento se expondrán los orígenes de la rehabilitación, desde la época prehispánica hasta la actual, destacando las contribuciones en docencia e investigación de los médicos que han ejercido en esta área en las instituciones previamente mencionadas.

Abstract Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease require comprehensive medical attention that involves therapies and procedures necessary to reintegrate them optimally to their personal, family, work and social life. Interventions aimed at achieving these goals are included in cardiac rehabilitation programs. These programs are designed to limit the harmful physiological and psychological effects of heart disease, reduce the risk of sudden death or reinfarction, control cardiovascular symptoms, stabilize or reverse the atherosclerosis process and improve the psychosocial and vocational status of patients. These programs have existed in Mexico since the 1940's and have evolved over the years, adapting to the disease conditions present in our country, starting with therapies to treat patients with rheumatic heart disease until the application of physical exercise in patients with heart failure, complex congenital heart disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension. These activities are of a transdisciplinary nature and involve the integration of cardiologists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and nutritionists among others. Currently, these programs have spread throughout the Mexican Republic thanks to rehabilitation cardiologists graduating from the main health institutions in the country such as Health Institutes, Mexican Social Security Institute and Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers. In this document, the origins of rehabilitation from the pre-Hispanic era to the present will be discussed, highlighting the contributions in teaching and research of the physicians who have practiced in this area in the aforementioned institutions.

Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Tangail, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. In Bangladesh, the reliable data concerning various aspects of CVD is inadequate at present due to lack of national population-based surveys or central administrative health data. Given the rising incidence of CVDs in Bangladesh, an improved understanding of the CVD, symptoms and risk factors is needed. Hence, this study was performed to assess the level of knowledge towards CVD types, warning symptoms of heart attack or stroke, and CVD risk factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 using standard questionnaire on a sample of 350 randomly selected Bangladeshi individuals. All the data of the study were input in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 software from IBM for windows and the gathered data thus analyzed using SPSS & Microsoft Excel.Results: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).Conclusions: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).

Factores pronósticos de supervivencia en pacientes con reanimación cardiopulmonar en un servicio de emergencias / Survival prognosis factors in patients with cardiopulmonary reanimation in an emergency service

Introducción: Los factores que influyen en que el paciente sobreviva luego de una reanimación cardiopulmonar hasta el alta hospitalaria no han sido descritos con certeza. Objetivo: Identificar los factores relacionados con la supervivencia al alta hospitalaria en pacientes que recibieron reanimación cardiopulmonar en un servicio de emergencias. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de cohortes, prospectivo, en 76 pacientes que recibieron reanimación cardiopulmonar en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Emergentes del Hospital Provincial Docente Clínico-Quirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2016 a igual mes del 2018. Resultados: En el análisis univariado los factores que de manera independiente se asociaron a la supervivencia fueron el origen cardíaco (76,5 por ciento), el trazado electrocardiográfico de fibrilación ventricular-taquicardia ventricular sin pulso (64,7 por ciento), la no prolongación de la ventilación y la ausencia de sepsis (con 88,2 por ciento cada uno). Conclusiones: Se identificaron la recuperación neurológica y la no necesidad de drogas vasoactivas como los factores que influyeron directamente en la sobrevida hasta el alta hospitalaria

Introduction: The factors influencing in the survival of the patient after a cardiopulmonary reanimation up to the hospital discharge have not been described with accuracy. Objective: To identify the factors related to the survival at discharge in patients who received cardiopulmonary reanimation in an emergency service. Methods: An analytic cohorts prospective study was carried out in 76 patients who received cardiopulmonary reanimation in the Intensive Care Emergent Unit from Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical-Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2016 to same month of 2018. Results: In the univariate analysis the associated factors to survival in an independent way were the heart origin (76.5 percent), the pattern of ventricular fibrillation/ ventricular tachicardia without pulse (64.7 percent), the non-continuation of ventilation and the sepsis absence (with 88.2 percent each of them). Conclusions: The neurological recovery and unnecessary use of vasoactive drugs were identified as the directly influencing factors in the survival up to the hospital discharge

Disfunção endotelial e periodontite ­ predição de risco para eventos cardiovasculares / Periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction ­ risk prediction for cardiovascular events

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a associação entre a disfunção endotelial, diagnosticada no exame de dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) da artéria braquial, e a periodontite crônica. Algumas evidências demonstraram uma associação entre as infecções periodontais e a disfunção endotelial. Alterações na função endotelial estão intimamente relacionadas com a aterosclerose, bem como seus fatores de risco, e constituem uma etapa intermediária na progressão de eventos adversos ao longo da história natural da doença cardiovascular, sendo esta uma das maiores causas de morte no mundo. A busca por artigos foi realizada no site Pubmed com as palavras-chave: periodontite, periodontite crônica, endotélio vascular, enfartos, derrames e doenças cardiovasculares. Após a busca, nove artigos foram selecionados para entrar nesta revisão. Os resultados dos estudos mostraram que indivíduos com periodontite apresentam a função endotelial prejudicada, quando comparados a indivíduos sem periodontite, e o tratamento da doença periodontal melhora a disfunção endotelial. Concluiu-se que a periodontite (DP) parece influenciar na função endotelial, e o seu tratamento pode melhorar a disfunção endotelial, um preditor de eventos cardiovasculares.

The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review on the association between endothelial dysfunction diagnosed on examination of flow-mediated dilatation (DMF) and chronic periodontitis. Some evidence shows an association between periodontal infections and endothelial dysfunction. Changes in endothelial function are closely related to atherosclerosis and its risk factors and is an intermediary step in the progression of adverse events throughout the natural history of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the largest causes of death worldwide. The electronic search was performed on Pubmed with the following key words: periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, vascular endothelium, heart attacks, strokes, cardiovascular diseases; overall, 9 articles were selected. The results of the studies showed that individuals with periodontitis have impaired endothelial function when compared to patients without periodontitis and the treatment of periodontal disease improves endothelial dysfunction. It was concluded that periodontal disease (PD) appears to influence on endothelial function and the treatment of periodontitis could improve endothelial dysfunction is a predictor of cardiovascular events.

Effect of vanillic acid on ischemia-reperfusion of isolated rat heart: Hemodynamic parameters and infarct size assays.

Vanillic acid is an oxidized form of vanillin produced during the conversion of vanillin to ferulic acid and has free radical scavenging, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of vanillic acid on hemodynamic parameters and infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion of isolated rat heart. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups (n=10). The treatment groups were administered vanillic acid 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg orally for 10 days, then the hearts isolated and were exposed to 30 min ischemia and 1 h reperfusion, using langendorff apparatus. The effects of vanillic acid, on left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LV pressure (LVP), peak rate of rise and fall of LVP (±dp/dt), coronary flow (CF), rate pressure product (RPP) and infarct size were examined. Rats administered with vanillic acid (10 and 20 mg/kg), displayed significantly improved recovery of LVEDP, RPP, LVDP, LVP and ± dp/dt as compared to control group. There was also significant beneficial effect of these two doses to reduce infarct size. Our results suggest that vanillic acid can effectively improve ventricular function and reduce infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion of isolated rat heart.

Infarto agudo del miocardio por estrés laboral / Acute myocardial infarction by work stress

En Medicina del Trabajo del Departamento de Medicina Legal se atienden casos de enfermedad laboral, donde el estrés laboral ha aumentado su incidencia como factor predisponerte de enfermedades profesionales destacando el infarto agudo del miocardio como una de ellas. Este artículo pretende revisar los criterios diagnósticos del infarto del miocardio, factores de riesgo, mecanismos y síntomas del estrés laboral, rehabilitación postinfarto y recomendaciones para la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.

We evaluated a patient who was working for a public institution that provides care for all types of emergencies, was subjected daily to a great stress at work one day showed typical chest pain and was managed as an acute coronary syndrome. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria for heart attack, risk factors, mechanisms and symptoms of work stress, post heart attack rehabilitation and recommendations for prevention of cardiovascular disease.

El corazón delator: algunas reflexiones desde el psicoanálisis a propósito de los infartos cardiovasculares y la época actua / The tell-tale heart: some reflections from psychoanalysis on cardiovascular infarcts and the current epoch

Este artículo presenta algunas conjeturas derivadas del análisis de entrevistas realizadas con sujeto que han padecido enfermedades cardiovasculares, específicamente infarto. Se ponen aquí en evidencia algunas modalidades en las respuestas del sujeto ante la angustia y el encuentro con lo que Freud denominó sentimiento inconsciente de culpa, particularmente por la vía del masoquismo moral.

This article presents some conjectures derived from the analysis of interviews conducted with subjects who have suffered from cardiovascular diseases, specifically heart attack. Some modalities in the responses of the subject to anxiety and the encounter with what Freud called the unconscious feeling of guilt are brought out here, particularly by way of moral masochism.

Caracterización clinicoepidemiológica de pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio / Clinical epidemiologic characterization of individuals with severe heart attack

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 33 pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo del miocardio, ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Emilio Bárcenas Pier del municipio de II Frente de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, durante el año comprendido de enero a diciembre del 2007. En la casuística se halló un predominio de esa cardiopatía en los ancianos con alto riesgo coronario y del dolor precordial como manifestación clínica. Solo fallecieron 3 de los integrantes de la serie, pero ninguno de los tratados con medicación trombolítica

A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 33 patients with acute heart attack diagnosis, admitted in the intensive care unit of the Emilio Bárcenas Pier Hospital in the municipality of II Frente, Santiago de Cuba province was carried out during the year 2007, from January to December. In the case material a predominant heart condition was found in elderly with high coronary risk and precordial pain sensation as a clinical feature. From the case material only three of the integrants died, but none of them treated with thrombolytic drugs