Short-term Effect of Hip Muscles Strengthening on Knee Osteoarthritis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To compare the short-term effects of hip muscles strengthening and quadriceps strengthening on knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and discuss the advantages of hip muscles strengthening. Methods:From October, 2015 to May, 2016, 42 old females with KOA were divided into two groups equally. They received hip strengthening (HS group) and quadriceps strengthening (QS group) for two weeks, respectively. The pain, stiffness and physical function scores of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were measured. Isokinetic strength peak torque (PT) was assessed for knee extensors and flexors, and 6-minute Walk Test was also evaluated. They were followed up two months later. Results:Before exercise, there was no significant difference in all the indexes between two groups (P > 0.05). Two weeks after exercise, the knee flexor PT (t = -4.038, P = 0.001) and 6-minute walk distance (t = -2.474, P = 0.022) increased in QS group; the pain, stiffness and physical function scores of WOMAC (t > 2.487, P < 0.05), the knee extensor and flexor PT (|t| > 6.370, P < 0.001), and 6-minute walk distance (t = -2.241, P = 0.037) improved in HS group; the scores of WOMAC were lower (t > 2.087, P < 0.05) and the knee extensor PT was higher (t = -5.028, P < 0.001) in HS group than in QS group. At two-months' follow-up, the drop-out rate was significantly lower in HS group than in QS group (χ2 = 13.480, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Hip muscles strengthening is a good choice for KOA in the early stage of treatment, which could avoid the pain in quadriceps training, increase quadriceps strength and improve physical function.

Effect of Strength Training of Hip Muscles on Functional Ankle Instability: Evaluated with Surface Electromyography / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of strength training of hip muscles on functional ankle instability (FAI), and be evaluated with surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods:From January, 2019 to June, 2020, 60 FAI patients were recruited in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. They were divided into control group (n = 30) and observation group (n = 30) randomly. The control group received conventional therapy, including ankle joint mobilization training, strength training and balance training for six weeks, while the observation group received strength training of hip muscles in addition. Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and sEMG were used to assess the function before and after intervention, and integrated electromyography (iEMG) was measured with sEMG. The correlation of CAIT and SEBT to iEMG was analyzed with Pearson coefficient. Results:No one dropped out. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between CAIT, SEBT and iEMG between two groups (P > 0.05). CAIT and SEBT improved significantly in both groups (t > 3.657, P < 0.001) after six-week intervention; the iEMG increased significantly in the observation group (t > 22.038, P < 0.001), while no significance was found in the control group (t < 1.916, P > 0.05); all the indexes were better in the observation group than in the control group (t > 2.125, P < 0.05). iEMG of gluteus medius and gluteus maximum correlated to CAIT and SEBT in the observation group (r = 0.712 to 0.866, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The strength training of the hip muscles could improve the ankle function of FAI patients. iEMG of gluteus medius and gluteus maximum could be a valid measure to assess the effect of strength training on FAI.

Effect Of Functional Stabilization Training On Pain And Muscle Activation Ratio Of Vastus Medialis Obliqus And Vastus Lateralis In Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Patients with patellofemoral pain(PFP) demonstrate impaired lower-limb and trunk movement control along with hip and trunk muscle weakness. Functional stabilization training (FST) is a treatment focused on hip muscle strengthening and lower-limb and trunk movement control. The objective of the study is to examine the effectiveness of functional stabilization training on pain and electromyographic muscle activation ratio for VMO and VL in individuals with PFP. Methodology: Study has been conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with PFP. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients. All the patients were randomly allocated into two groups for 8 weeks of intervention. Outcome measurements were numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and electromyographic muscle activation ratio for VMO and VL. Results: The results showed that there is statistically high significant difference(p<0.05) showing improvement in means of NPRS and electromyographic muscle activation ratio for VMO and VL before and after intervention in both the groups but FST group shows more significant improvement in NPRS(p=0.000) and in VMO:VL(p=0.000) compared to CT group. Conclusion: FST group showed more benefits then CT group in individuals with PFP in relieving pain and improving balance in the activity of VMO and VL.

Segurança da intervenção fisioterápica precoce após o infarto agudo do miocárdio / Safety of early physical therapy intervention after acute myocardial infarction

INTRODUÇÃO: A fisioterapia na fase I da reabilitação cardiovascular (FTCV) pode ser iniciada de 12 a 24 horas após o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), no entanto, é comum o repouso prolongado no leito em razão do receio de instabilização do paciente. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as respostas autonômicas e hemodinâmicas de pacientes pós-IAM submetidos ao primeiro dia de protocolo de FTCV fase I, bem como sua segurança. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 51 pacientes com primeiro IAM não complicado, 55 ± 11 anos, 76% homens. Foram submetidos ao primeiro dia do protocolo de FTCV fase I, em média 24 horas pós-IAM. A frequência cardíaca (FC) instantânea e os intervalos R-R do ECG foram captados pelo monitor de FC (Polar®S810i) e a pressão arterial (PA) aferida pelo método auscultatório. A variabilidade da FC foi analisada nos domínios do tempo (RMSSD e RMSM dos iR-R em ms) e da frequência. A densidade espectral de potência foi expressa em unidades absolutas (ms²/Hz) e normalizada (un) para as bandas de baixa (BF) e alta frequência (AF) e pela razão BF/AF. RESULTADOS: O índice RMSSD, a AF e a AFun apresentaram redução na execução dos exercícios em relação ao repouso pré e pós-exercício (p < 0,05), a BFun e a razão BF/AF aumentaram (p < 0,05). A FC e a PA sistólica apresentaram aumento durante a execução dos exercícios em relação ao repouso (p < 0,05). Não foi observado qualquer sinal e/ou sintoma de intolerância ao esforço. CONCLUSÕES: O exercício realizado foi eficaz, pois promoveu alterações hemodinâmicas e na modulação autonômica nesses pacientes, sem ocasionar qualquer intercorrência clínica.

INTRODUCTION: Physical therapy during phase I of cardiac rehabilitation (CPT) can be started 12 to 24 hours after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), however, it is common to extend the bed rest due to fear of patient’s instability. OBJECTIVES: To assess the hemodynamic and autonomic responses to post-AMI patients when subjected to first day of phase I protocol of CPT, as well as their safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 51 patients with first uncomplicated AMI, 55 ± 11 years, 76% men. The patients were subjected to first day protocol phase I CPT, on average, 24 hours after AMI. The Instantaneous heart rate (HR) and RR interval were acquired by HR monitor (Polar™S810i) and blood pressure (BP) checked by auscultation. HR variability was analyzed in the time (RMSSD and RMSM-Ri in ms) and frequency domains. Power spectral density was expressed in absolute (ms²/Hz) and normalized (nu) units for the bands of low (LF) and high frequencies (HF) and as LF/HF ratio. RESULTS: The RMSSD, HF and HFnu have reduced performance of the exercises in relation to rest and post-exercise (p < 0.05), LFnu and LF/HF ratio increased (p < 0.05). HR and systolic BP showed an increase during the execution of the exercises in relation to rest (p < 0.05). There were no any signs and/or symptoms of exercise intolerance. CONCLUSION: The exercise was effective, because it caused changes hemodynamic and autonomic modulation in these patients, without causing any medical complications.

Alterações neuromusculares no quadril associadas a entorses do tornozelo: revisão de literatura / Neuromuscular alterations on the hip associated to ankle sprains: literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: O tornozelo é a articulação mais frequentemente lesada na vida diária e nas atividades esportivas, sendo a entorse em inversão a lesão mais comum, com importantes repercussões funcionais e alto índice de recorrência após um evento de entorse primário. Os efeitos da lesão no tornozelo não se restringem a essa articulação, de modo que alterações na ativação e força da musculatura do quadril têm sido observadas após entorses em inversão do tornozelo. Essas alterações podem modificar o posicionamento do pé no instante do toque do calcanhar no solo, tornando o tornozelo mais suscetível à lesão por inversão. OBJETIVOS: O propósito deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão dos estudos da literatura que analisaram alterações neuromusculares presentes na articulação do quadril associadas a entorses em inversão do tornozelo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma busca em bases eletrônicas (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, PEDro, SciELO, LILACS e Embase), do ano de 1966 até 2009, tendo sido encontrados 13 trabalhos considerados pertinentes ao tema. RESULTADOS: Desses estudos, nove observaram alterações de força e/ou recrutamento dos músculos do quadril após entorses do tornozelo, sugerindo-se que as consequências da lesão local manifestam-se também em estruturas proximais no membro inferior, com possível influência na ocorrência de recidivas. Apenas dois trabalhos foram análises prospectivas e não evidenciaram alterações neuromusculares no quadril antes da lesão do tornozelo, sugerindo-se que as alterações de força e/ou recrutamento dos músculos do quadril são provavelmente secundárias à lesão articular distal. CONCLUSÃO: Mais estudos, com maior uniformidade metodológica, são necessários para maior elucidação sobre a questão.

INTRODUCTION: The ankle is the most frequently injured joint both in athletics and daily life, and the inversion sprain is the most common injury with significant functional repercussion, given the high recurrence rate after a primary sprain. The effects of ankle injury are not restricted to that joint and changes in the recruitment and strength of the hip muscles have been found after ankle inversion sprains. These changes may implicate in modified positions of the foot in gait during heel strike, making the ankle more susceptible to inversion injury. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article was to perform a review of the literature studies that have analyzed the neuromuscular alterations of the hip joint associated with ankle inversion sprains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search in electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, PEDro, SciELO, LILACS and Embase) was performed from 1966 to 2009, with 13 studies found to be pertinent to this matter. RESULTS: Among these, nine have found alterations in strength and/or recruitment of the hip muscles after an ankle sprain, suggesting that the implications of the local injury also manifest in proximal structures of the lower limb, with possible influence in recurrence of the injury. Only two articles were prospective analysis, and in those no evidence of neuromuscular alterations on the hip was found prior to the ankle injury, suggesting that the changes in strength and firing of the hip muscles are probably secondary to the distal lesion. CONCLUSION: More studies, with more methodological uniformity, are necessary for further elucidation on this matter.

Isokinetic assessment of the hip muscles in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the difference in isokinetic strength of hip muscles between patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and matched healthy controls, and to establish the correlation between this isokinetic strength and pain and function in patients with knee OA. METHODS: 25 patients with a diagnosis of unilateral knee OA, 25 patients with bilateral knee OA, and 50 matched controls were evaluated using the visual analog scale for pain, knee Lequesne index, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities questionnaire and an isokinetic test. RESULTS: The groups were matched for age, gender and body mass index. The results of the isokinetic test revealed lower peak torque of the hip in patients with OA of the knee than in the control group for all movements studied. Strong correlations were found between the peak torque, visual analog scale and function. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OA of the knee exhibit lower isokinetic strength in the hip muscles than healthy control subjects. Strengthening the muscles surrounding the hip joint may help to decrease pain in people with knee OA. Some correlations between pain/function and peak torque were found.