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Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a newly emerging in-situ ionization mass spectrometry analysis technology. The ionization process occurs in an open ambient environment at atmospheric pressure, and has the characteristics of simple sample pretreatment, quick and sensitive analysis, and is widely used in biomedicine, pharmaceutical analysis, food safety, environmental monitoring, and material characterization. Natural medicines, such as Chinese herbal medicines, contain a variety of chemical components. Extraction, separation, identification, and in vitro and in vivo efficacy evaluation of natural medicines, especially research on active ingredients with significant efficacy, have received long-term attention. The development of DESI-MS technology provides many new opportunities for direct and rapid analysis of active ingredients in natural medicines. This article briefly introduces the principles, characteristics, influencing factors, and technical progress of DESI-MS technology, and systematically summarizes progress in the research and application of this technology to natural medicines such as Chinese herbal medicines and other plant samples with pharmacological activity. The future application prospects in this field are further presented.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-IMS) can analysis unknown compounds in sections and obtain molecule imaging by scanning biological tissue sections,which has become a powerful tool for the research of biomarker,lipid distribution and drug metabolism,etc.This article reviews the application of this technique in protein identification,clinical application,drug discovery,lipid research and brain injury.
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Modern mass spectrometry plays an important role in the study of metabolism and pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine due to its high sensitivity, high analysis speed and good stability. First, this article gives a brief introduction to the development of modern mass spectrometry techniques. Second, the application of modern mass spectrometry is summarized in the study of metabolism and pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine including in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro research is reviewed with a focus on metabolism of intestinal bacteria and cytochrome P450 enzymes; in vivo research is covered mainly with a fo cuse on the application of microdialysis-MS, GC/LC-MS, new ambient mass spectrometry, and imaging mass spectrometry in metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
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The factor analysis method applied in imaging mass spectrometry data analysis was studied. The imaging mass spectrometric data were obtained by air flow-assisted ionization imaging mass spectrometry method. The sample contained some symbols which were drawn on slides using three different inks ( red, blue, black) . The imaging data analyzed by factor analysis method were divided into the background, black, blue and red factor. The results showed that the scores of m/z=443. 2, 478. 4, 322. 2(344. 2) in red, blue, black factor respectively were much larger than others. Therefore, they were markers of three inks. The results accorded with actual condition well and proved that the application of factor analysis in imaging mass spectrometric data analysis was feasible. The data analysis results of factor analysis and principal component analysis were compared. The results showed that the target sample markers could be extracted by factor analysis simply and quantitatively. It was of great potential in biomarker extraction, diseases diagnose and pharmacological analysis.
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Recent advances in optical molecular imaging allow identification of morphologic and biochemical changes in tissues associated with gastrointestinal (GI) premalignant lesions earlier and in real-time. This focused review series introduces high-resolution imaging modalities that are being evaluated preclinically and clinically for the detection of early GI cancers, especially Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although narrow band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, and chromoendoscopy are currently applied for this purpose in the clinic, further adoptions of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, high-resolution microendoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and metabolomic imaging, as well as imaging mass spectrometry, will lead to detection at the earliest and will guide predictions of the clinical course in the near future in a manner that is beyond current advancements in optical imaging. In this review article, the readers will be introduced to sufficient information regarding this matter with which to enjoy this new era of high technology and to confront science in the field of molecular medical imaging.