Improving rational use of antimicrobial agents by infection prevention and control / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of infection prevention and control measures on the management of rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Patients who were admitted in a hospital from 2011 to 2015 were as the research object,a series of infection prevention and control intervention measure were taken,efficacy of intervention measures were evaluated.Results After the implementation of comprehensive intervention measures,compliance rate of hand hygiene increased year by year,from 38.17 ％ in 2011 to 87.16 ％ in 2015,difference was statistically significant (x2 =48.50,P＜0.05).Incidence of healthcare-associated infection dropped from 1.45％ to 1.06％,difference was statistically significant (x2 =42.50,P＜0.05);antimicrobial use density in 2011-2015 were 63.1,44.4,40.0,40.8,and 40.5 respectively,which showed a decreasing tendency.Conclusion Effective infection prevention and control measures have obvious effect on promoting management of rational use of antimicrobial agents,it is helpful for reducing the clinical use density of antimicrobial agents.

Efficacy of comprehensive intervention in infection due to multidrug-resistant organisms in the general surgery department of a hospital / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the current status of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection in the general surgery department of a tertiary first-class hospital, and understand the efficacy of comprehensive intervention measures.Methods Targeted monitoring on MDROs was implemented among patients who were hospitalized in a general surgery department for>48 hours between March 2015 and October 2016, comprehensive intervention measures were taken since January 2016.MDRO infection before and after intervention was compared.Results Between March 2015 and October 2016, a total of 6 406 hospitalized patients were monitored, 155(2.42%) developed MDRO infection.The most common infection sites were abdominal cavity(hydrops, bile) (n=76, 49.03%) and surgical site (n=43, 27.74%).MDRO infection rate dropped from 2.79% (99/3 549) before intervention (March-December, 2015) to 1.96% (56/2 857) after intervention (January-October, 2016) (x2=4.612, P=0.032).There was no difference in MDROs between before and after intervention, the major were both Escherichia coli.Conclusion Comprehensive intervention measures can reduce the incidence of MDRO infection in the general surgery department of this hospital.

The current practices of intervention with batterers / Uma revisão das práticas atuais na intervenção com agressores conjugais

Background: Since the 70s there was a proliferation of intervention programs for batterers; however the results remain controversial. Objectives: This study aims to analyse the literature published between the years of 2000 and 2013 about the effectiveness of the intervention with batterers. Methods: A review of papers about intervention with batterers published during this period (2000-2013) was conducted. Social sciences databases were checked. Papers about programs for a specific public or programs with a broad intervention focus, and with female and homosexual offenders were excluded. Results Thirty-six studies that described 37 intervention programs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In general, the analysed programs adopted a group format (70.3%) and a cognitive-behavioural (56.8%) or psychoeducational (18.9%) intervention model (32.4% assumed to adopt a Duluth model). Concerning the effectiveness, results showed success rates of 39.4%-97%, dropout rates of 10%-58% and recidivism rates of 0%-65.9%. Discussion: The effectiveness of intervention with batterers remains controversial, which seems to be due to the different methodologies used in the studies. Despite the inconsistencies, programs for perpetrators are an important way to reduce intimate partner violence recidivism...

Contexto: Desde os anos 1970, assiste-se a uma proliferação dos programas de intervenção para agressores conjugais, no entanto os resultados mantêm-se controversos. Objetivos: Este estudo visa analisar a literatura publicada entre os anos de 2000 e 2013 acerca da eficácia da intervenção com agressores conjugais. Métodos: Para o efeito, realizou-se uma revisão de artigos publicados durante esse período (2000-2013) a respeito da intervenção com agressores conjugais. Foram consultadas bases de dados de referência na área das ciências sociais. Excluíram-se da análise artigos que versavam sobre programas destinados a um público-alvo ou com um foco de intervenção demasiadamente amplo, agressoras do sexo feminino e agressores homossexuais. Resultados: Trinta e seis estudos que descreviam 37 programas de intervenção dirigidos a agressores conjugais preencheram os critérios de inclusão definidos. Na generalidade, os programas analisados adotaram um formato grupal (70.3%) e um modelo de intervenção cognitivo-comportamental (56,8%) e/ou psicoeducativo (18,9%), e uma parte se assumiu como assente no modelo Duluth (32,4%). No que diz respeito à eficácia da intervenção, os resultados dos diferentes estudos revelaram-se ambíguos, com taxas de sucesso entre os 39,4% e os 97%, taxas de abandono entre os 10% e os 58% e taxas de reincidência entre os 0% e os 65,9%. Conclusão: Em suma, a eficácia da intervenção com agressores conjugais mantém-se controversa, o que parece relacionar-se essencialmente com as diferentes metodologias utilizadas nos estudos. Não obstante tais inconsistências, os programas para agressores revelam-se uma importante medida na redução da reincidência na violência doméstica...