Chemical constituents from stems and leaves of Lonicera confusa and their anti-inflammatory activities / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents and their anti-inflammatory activities of stems and leaves of Lonicera confusa DC.METHODS The 80%methanol extract from stems and leaves of L.confusa DC was isolated and purified by Diaion HP20SS,Sephadex LH-20,HSCCC and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by measuring NO production of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro.RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as benzyl alcohol-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),sweroside(2),epi-vogeloside(3),vogeloside(4),secologanoside(5),secoxyloganin(6),secologanin dimethyl acetal(7),methyl chlorogenate(8),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),rhoifolin(11),luteolin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(12),and lonicerin(13).Compounds 2-8,11-13 inhibited the NO production of LPS-induced cells.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is first isolated from family Lonicera,compounds 3,5,7,9,11,and 12 are obtained from the stems and leaves of this plant for the first time.Compounds 2-8,11-13 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities.

Host Targets Interacting with Influenza Virus NP and Mechanism of Gardenia Jasminoides Iridoid Glycoside Against Influenza Virus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore host factors interacting with influenza virus nucleoprotein （NP） and study their effects on influenza virus replication， as well as the mechanism of gardenia jasminoides iridoid glycoside （IGE） in inhibiting influenza virus. MethodA yeast two-hybrid system was utilized to screen host factors that interacted with influenza virus NP. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0 （HNRNPD）， glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1 （GNPDA1）， poly（rC）-binding protein 1 （PCBP1）， and protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） protein 1 （PIAS1） were validated by immunoprecipitation assay. The effects of PIAS1 and HNRNPD on influenza virus replication were compared by a dual luciferase assay， and the effects of IGE on influenza virus replication were examined in the presence of transfected ribonucleoprotein （RNP） and knockdown of PIAS1. ICR mice were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， oseltamivir phosphate group， and high， medium， and low dose IGE groups， with 10 mice in each group. In addition to the normal group， each group was infected with the influenza A virus FM1 strain by nasal drip to establish a viral pneumonia model. The high， medium， and low dose IGE groups were given drugs of 50， 25， and 12.5 mg∙kg-1 by gavage， and the oseltamivir phosphate group was given the drug of 27.5 mg∙kg-1 by gavage. Equal amounts of distilled water were instilled in the normal and model groups for four consecutive days. Later， protein expression of PIAS1， NP， phosphorylated （p）-STAT3， STAT3， p-STAT1， and STAT1 were detected in the lung tissue by Western blot. ResultIn yeast two-hybrid assays， 16 potential host targets interacting with influenza virus NP were identified. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that HNRNPD and PIAS1 could interact with influenza virus NP. The dual luciferase reporter assays found that both PIAS1 knockdown and overexpression significantly affected IAV RNP activity （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the effect of HNRNPD on IAV RNP was not significant. Both high and low dose IGE groups reduced influenza virus replication （P<0.05） and reversed the increase in influenza virus replication caused by the knockdown of PIAS1（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of PIAS1， NP， p-STAT3， p-STAT1， and STAT1 in the lung tissue of infected mice were reduced to different degrees in each IGE group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionPIAS1 interacts with influenza virus NP and is able to inhibit influenza virus replication. IGE may exert antiviral effects by inhibiting the activity of IAV RNP through the PIAS1/STAT1 pathway.

Effects of different drying methods on quality of male flowers of Eucommia ulmoides based on color and chemical composition / 中国中药杂志

To study the effects of different drying methods on the quality of male flowers of Eucommia ulmoides(MFOEU), we treated fresh MFOEU samples with drying in the shade(DS), vacuum freeze drying(VFD), high-or low-temperature hot air drying(HTHAD, LTHAD), microwave drying(MD), and vacuum drying(VD), respectively. The color, total flavonoid content, total polysaccharide content, and main active components such as geniposide, geniposidic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, galuteolin, pinoresinol diglucoside, and aucubin in MFOEU were taken as the evaluation indicators. The quality of MFOEU was comprehensively evaluated by entropy weight method combined with color index method, partial least squares discriminant analysis and content clustering heat map. The experimental results showed that VFD and DS basically kept the original color of MFOEU. The MFOEU treated with MD had higher content of total polysaccharides, phenylpropanoids, lignans, and iridoids. The MFOEU treated with LTHAD had higher content of total flavonoids and that treated with VD had lower content of active components. According to the results of comprehensive evaluation, the quality of MFOEU dried with different methods followed the order of MD>HTHAD>VFD>LTHAD>DS>VD. Considering the color of MFOEU, the suitable drying methods were DS and VFD. Considering the color, active components, and economic benefits of MFOEU, MD was the suitable drying method. The results of this study are of a reference value for the determination of suitable methods for MFOEU processing in the producing areas.

Study on Quality Evaluation of Honeysuckle Oral Liquid Based on Quality Markers of Anti-Inflammatory Effect / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To establish a quality traceability evaluation method for the whole honeysuckle oral solution process by identifying and screening its anti-inflammatory quality markers.Methods UPLC/-TOF-MS was used to analyze the iridoids and phenolic acids in oral solution,and the correlations were constructed by molecular network technology.The HPLC fingerprints of multiple batches of oral solution were established,and similarity analyses were performed to identify key pharmacodynamic molecules.The key anti-inflammatory quality markers were confirmed by the NF-κB dual luciferase assay system.Further,the quantification of 12 quality markers of iridoids and phenolic acids in oral solution was established separately based on the dual-wavelength HPLC technique.The quality of the oral solution was evaluated by examining the extraction and transfer rate of quality markers during the processing of raw materials and preparations and thermal stability.Results A total of 9 iridoids and 6 phenolic acids were identified in the oral solution,and the possible conversion relationships between their components were depicted.Fingerprint analysis of 11 batches of oral liquids showed that the composition of their main peaks was the same,with a similarity of more than 90%.Among them,6 iridoids(loganic acid,secologanoside,secologanic acid,sweroside,secoxyloganin,secologanin)and 6 phenolic acids(neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic B,isochlorogenic A,isochlorogenic C)exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity,which were the main pharmacological components and could be used as quality markers.The traceability of the above 12 quality markers was investigated in a multi-batch process based on the dual-wavelength HPLC method.The thermal stability studies of the raw materials revealed that the contents of their total iridoids and phenolic acids remained stable.Still,some of them would be transformed between components.The production process of the oral solution was stable,and the transfer rates of the iridoids and phenolic acids during the extraction,concentration and preparation were over 76%and 63%,respectively.Conclusion The method is stable,reliable,easy to operate and can evaluate the full honeysuckle oral solution process,which provides an effective means for the quality control of honeysuckle herbs and preparations.

Cornel iridoid glycoside alleviates microglia-mediated inflammatory response via NLRP3/calpain pathway / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Vascular dementia(VaD)is associated with cerebral hypoperfusion,which results in long-term cognitive impairment and memory loss.Neuroin-flammation is an important mechanism of vascular demen-tia.Cornel iridoid glycoside(CIG)is the major active con-stituent isolated from the ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis.Previous studies have shown that CIG enhances neuro-logical function in VaD rats.In the present research,we attempted to clarify the molecular processes underlying the role of CIG on neuroinflammation in VaD.METHODS In vivo,we created a chronic cerebral ischemia rat model by ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries(2VO).The rats were divided into sham operation,2VO,2VO + CIG(60 and120 mg·kg-1·d-1),and 2VO+ butylphthalide(100 mg·kg-1·d-1)groups and then treated rats with differ-ent concentrations of CIG.In vitro,BV2 microglia cells were induced with bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)to construct the model of microglias with analog neuroinflammation.Histopathology and biel-schowsky silver staining were used to detect myelin integrity and neuronal loss.Immunofluorescence was used to observe changes in microglia.Magnetic Luminex Assay was used to detect changes in inflammatory fac-tors.Western blotting,ELISA or calpain activity assay was used to measure the expression and activity of cal-pain,as well as the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome protein.Furthermore,NLRP3 overexpressing cells were used to further elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of CIG.RESULTS ① CIG improved neuronal impairment in the brain of 2VO rats.②CIG increased white matter(WM)integrity in 2VO rats.③ CIG reduced microglia inflammatory response in the cortex and hippocampus of 2VO rats.④ CIG inhibited calpain activity in the cortex and hippocampus of 2VO rats.⑤ CIG exerted anti-inflammatory effects on BV2 cells stimulated by LPS and IFN-γ.⑥ CIG Inhibited the expression and activity of calpain in LPS/IFN-γ-activated BV2 cells.⑦ The main component of CIG had a weak binding force to calpain1.⑧ CIG inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.⑨CIG reduced the activity of calpain induced by NLRP3 overexpression.CONCLU-SION CIG inhibits microglial polarization into a proinflam-matory state by attenuating the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and calpain activation,thus reducing brain inflammation,WM injury,and the loss of neurons.To sum up,the present study suggests that CIG inhibits neuroinflammation.The NLRP3/calpain pathway may be the main pathway by which CIG protects against neuroin-flammation.

Phytochemical investigation on Vitex negundo leaves and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities

Abstract The phytochemical investigation on Vitex negundo leaves has led to the isolation of one new iridoid glucoside (8α-hydroxy-4-carboxyl-5ßH-9ßH-iridoid-1α-O-(6'-O-(6,7-dihydrofoliamenthonyl)-ß-ᴅ-glucopyranoside, 3), together with three known compounds, namely agnuside (1), 6'-O-E-caffeoylmussaenosidic acid (2), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4). The HPLC analytical study was also performed to quantify the content of agnuside (1) in dried leaves. The results indicated the very high content of 1 (3.04 ± 0.02%). The method was also validated by various parameters, including linearity (R2= 0.9999), precision (intra-day RSD ≤ 2.50%, inter-day RSD= 0.76%), and accuracy (recovery rates 96.58-101.86%). The animal testing data showed that the extract did not reduce pain at the doses of 9.6 and 28.8 g /kg (leaf weight/body weight) in the hot plates and pain measuring models but showed the pain reduction in the acetic acid-induced pain model. The extract at the dose of 5.6 g/kg (leaf weight/body weight) also had effects on the acute inflammation in the carrageenin-induced edema model. The extract at the dose 9.6 and 28.8 g/kg (leaf weight/body weight) also showed significant chronic anti-inflammation, comparable to methylprednisolone at the dose 10 mg/kg on the mouse peritoneal

Chemical study of Adenocalymma axillarum crude leaf extract and isolated compounds

Abstract Adenocalymma axillarum (K.Schum.) L.G. Lohmann is a liana belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. In traditional medicine, the genus Adenocalymma is used to treat fever, skin ailments, and body, joint, and facial muscle pains, and it is also applied as cosmetic. Biological assays conducted with the A. axillarum crude leaf ethanol extract have indicated leishmanicidal activity and absence of cytotoxicity. This study aimed to analyze the A. axillarum leaf ethanol crude extract by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry- diode array detector (HPLC-HRMS-DAD) and to evaluate the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of this crude extract, its fractions, and isolated compounds. HPLC-HRMS-DAD analysis of this extract revealed that it consisted mainly of flavonoids, with nine major compounds. Extract purification yielded 4-hydroxy-N-methylproline, 6-β-hydroxyipolamiide, quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside, and 3'-O-methylhyperin, which were identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The isolated compounds were inactive against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and human lung fibroblast cells.

Analysis of Chemical Composition Variations in Plantaginis Semen at Different Frying Time Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveIn order to explore the changes of chemical constituents in Plantaginis Semen before and after stir-frying， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE） was used to rapidly identify and semi-quantitatively analyze the differential components in Plantaginis Semen processed at different stir-frying time. MethodWaters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） was employed with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-1 min， 5%-10%B； 1-2 min， 10%-15%B； 2-10 min， 15%-20%B； 10-12 min， 20%-40%B； 12-13 min， 40%-100%B； 13-14 min， 100%-5%B； 14-15 min， 5%B）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1， the column temperature was 40 ℃， and the injection volume was 3 μL. Electrospray ionization （ESI） was applied for mass spectrometric analysis under positive and negative ion modes， and the scanning range was m/z 50-1 500. MarkerLynx 4.1 software was used to find the differential compounds， and the intensity of each ion peak in samples with different stir-frying time was compared to study the content variations of these compounds. ResultA total of 20 components with potential significant differences were found， among which 17 were identified and 3 were unknown， mainly including phenylethanoid glycosides， iridoid glycosides， alkaloids and others. After processing， the peak intensities of 7 compounds， such as sucrose， geniposidic acid， verbascoside and plantagoguanidinic acid A， in Plantaginis Semen decreased. The peak intensities of orobanchoside， dianthoside and plantain D increased first and then decreased during the stir-frying process. The peak intensities of 10 compounds （decaffeoylacteoside， calceolarioside A， isoacteoside， etc.） increased， and 9 of them were newly generated components. ConclusionThe content and composition of the chemical components in Plantaginis Semen changed significantly after stir-frying， which may be related to the reduction of laxative effect and the enhancement of antidiarrheal and diuretic activities of Plantaginis Semen after stir-frying.

Optimization of Extraction and Purification Process of Total Iridoids and Total Crocins in Gardeniae Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo optimize the extraction and purification process of Gardeniae Fructus for industrial production， and to obtain the total iridoid and total crocin extracts. MethodOrthogonal test was used to optimize the water extraction process by taking contents of geniposide， genipin gentiobioside， gardenoside， crocin-1 and crocin-2 as indicators and the decocting time， decocting times and water amount as factors. The purification process was optimized by single factor test， and four different types of macroporous adsorption resins were screened. The process conditions such as resin type， maximum loading amount， water washing amount， ethanol concentration， ethanol dosage， and flow rate of sample loading were mainly investigated. In addition， the drying methods （vacuum drying and spray drying） of the extract were investigated， and a pilot scale-up verification test was carried out. ResultThe optimal water extraction process of Gardeniae Fructus was to add 15， 10 times the amount of water for decocting twice， 1 h each time. The optimal purification process was as follows：the water extract through SP825L macroporous resin column， the amount of crude drug-the amount of resin （1∶1.5）， the sample loading flow rate of 3 BV h-1， adding 2 BV of water to remove impurities， adding 4 BV of 30% ethanol to obtain the iridoid part， then adding 3 BV of 70% ethanol to obtain the crocin part， collecting the ethanol lotion， and drying at 70 ℃. Under these conditions， the extraction amount of total iridoids was 590.75 mg·g-1 with the transfer rate of 70.48%， and the yield of dry extract was 8.89%. The extraction amount of total crocins was 83.37 mg·g-1 with the transfer rate of 22.20%， and the dry extract yield was 2.60%. ConclusionThe optimized extraction and purification process is stable and feasible with high extraction rate of active components， which is suitable for the industrial extraction and purification of active parts of Gardeniae Fructus.

Sesquiterpenoids and iridoids from Valeriana jatamansi with anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza virus properties / 药学学报

Three sesquiterpenoids and nine iridoids were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties, NMR and MS data. Among them, valeriananoid G (1) was a new patchoulol-type sesquiterpenoid, and compound 3 was isolated from the genus Valeriana for the first time. Compounds 3 and 10 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 19.00 and 3.66 μmol·L-1, respectively. In addition, compounds 4, 6 and 12 showed anti-influenza virus activity with IC50 values of 51.75, 51.40 and 102.08 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Iridoids of wine-processed Corni Fructus / 中国中药杂志

A new iridoid glycoside, cornushmf A(1) and nine known iridoids(2-10) were isolated from the water extract of the wine-processed Corni Fructus by various column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic methods as 7β-O-(2″-formylfuran-5″-methylene)-morroniside(1), 7-dehydrologanin(2), sweroside(3), 7β-O-methylmorroniside(4), 7α-O-methylmorroniside(5), 7β-O-ethylmorroniside(6), 7α-O-ethylmorroniside(7), cornuside(8), sarracenin(9), and loganin(10).

Simultaneous determination of 11 active components in Lonicera japonica flowers and leaves at different development stages by HPLC-DAD / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to develop an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of 11 components(6 phenolic acids and 5 iridoids) in Lonicera japonica flowers(LjF) and leaves(LjL), and compare the content differences of LjF at different development stages, LjL at different maturity levels, and between LjF and LjL. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were employed to compare the content of the 11 components. The content of total phenolic acids, total iridoid glycosides, and total 11 components in LjF showed an overall downward trend with the development of flowers. The content of total phenolic acids, total iridoid glycosides, and total 11 components in young leaves were higher than those in mature leaves. The results of PCA showed that the samples at different flowering stages had distinguishable differences in component content. The VIP value of OPLS-DA showed that isochlorogenic acid A, chlorogenic acid, and secologanic acid were the main differential components of LjF at different development stages or LjL with different maturity levels. LjF and LjL have certain similarities in chemical composition while significant differences in component content. The content of total phenolic acids in young leaves was significantly higher than that in LjF at various development stages. The content of total iridoid glycosides in young leaves was similar to that in LjF before white flower bud stage. The total content of 11 components in young leaves was significantly higher than that in LjF at green flower bud stage, before and during completely white flower bud stage. LjL have great potential for development. Follow-up research on the pharmacodynamic equivalence of LjF and LjL(especially young leaves) should be carried out to speed up the development and application of LjL.

Evaluation of the quality of different germplasms of Rehmannia glutinosa based on iridoid glycosides / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of different germplasms of Rehmannia glutinosa based on iridoid glycosides. METHODS The contents of total iridoid glycosides ，catalpol，rehmaionoside D ，rehmaionoside A ，and leonuride in 18 batches of R. glutinosa from 6 germplasms（85-5，JinJiu，BX，BJ-1，Shandong，QH-1）were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. After normalization of the above content determination results ，the quality of different germplasm of R. glutinosa were evaluated by multiple statistical methods such as cluster analysis ，factor comprehensive analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）. RESULTS Among 6 germplasms of R. glutinosa ，the content of total iridoid glycosides in R. glutinosa 85-5 was the highest ，and the content of catalpol in R. glutinosa BX was the highest ；the contents of rehmannioside D and rehmannioside A in R. glutinosa JinJiu were the highest ，and the content of leonuride in R. glutinosa BX was the highest. Cluster analysis showed that R. glutinosa JinJiu were clustered into one category ，R. glutinosa BX clustered into one category ，R. glutinosa Shandong and R. glutinosa BJ-1 were clustered into one category ，and R. glutinosa QH-1 and 85-5 were clustered into one category. Through factor comprehensive analysis ，there were differences in the quality of different germplasms of R. glutinosa . The comprehensive score of R. glutinosa BX，Shandong，85-5，BJ-1，QH-1，JinJiu were 2.283 9，1.689 1，1.664 8， 1.503 3，1.469 0，1.214 6，respectively. PLS-DA showed that variable importance projection value of total iridoid glycosides ， catalpol and leonuride were all higher than 1. CONCLUSIONS The quality difference of R. glutinosa from different germplasms may be caused by total iridoid glycosides ，catalpol and leonuride.

Effect of Iridoid-rich Fraction from Valeriana Jatamansi Jones on Neuron Pyroptosis in Rats with Acute Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of iridoid-rich fraction from Valeriana jatamansi Jones (IRFV) on neuronal pyroptosis in rats with acute spinal cord injury, and to explain the related mechanism of neuroprotection. Methods:Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group and treatment group, with eight rats in each group. The model of spinal cord injury was established by using a medical aneurysm clip in the latter two groups. Only the lamina was removed without injury to the spinal cord in the sham-operated group. Four hours after the operation, the treatment group was given IRFV solution 10 mg/kg, the model group and the sham-operated group were given the same volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) solution, for seven days. The rats were sacrificed to detected the pathological changes and the residual area of spinal cord tissue through HE staining. The apoptosis of nerve cells of the spinal cord tissue at the perilesional area was detected by TUNEL fluorescent staining. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 in serum were detected by ELISA Kit and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were detected by Western blotting. Results:Compared with the sham-operated group, the residual area of spinal cord tissue decreased (P < 0.05), and the positive rate of TUNEL staining, the level of IL-1 and IL-18, and the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins (NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD) increased (P < 0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the pathological condition of the spinal cord tissue improved and the residual area of the spinal cord tissue increased (P < 0.05); the positive rate of TUNEL staining, the level of IL-1 and IL-18 and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD decreased (P < 0.05) in the treatment group. Conclusion:IRFV could attenuate the inflammatory response to exert neuroprotective effects, which may be related to the regulation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway to inhibit the neuronal pyroptosis in rats with acute spinal cord injury.

Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Qizhi Jiangtang Capsules Based on UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To systematically analyze the chemical constituents of Qizhi Jiangtang capsules by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS）. Method:Analysis was conducted on a ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with acetonitrile （A）-water （B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution （0-13 min， 1%-25%A； 13-21 min， 25%-35%A； 21-28 min， 35%-85%A； 28-30 min， 85%-100%A； 30-32 min， 100%-1%A）. The flow rate was 0.2 mL·min^-1， the column temperature was 30 ℃， and the volume of sample injection was 3 μL. Electrospray ionization （ESI） was used to collect data in the negative and positive ion modes with the scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 100-1 500. Meanwhile， a variety of MS analytic methods were used， including comparing with the information of control substances， self-built compounds database and literature references， diagnostic ion filtering， Compound Discoverer 3.0 software， for identification of the chemical components. Result:Based on the above strategy， a total of 52 compounds were identified in Qizhi Jiangtang capsules， and the sources of these compounds were identified. Amino acids were mainly derived from Hirudo， phenylpropanoids were derived from Astragali Radix and Rehmanniae Radix， iridoid glycosides were derived from Rehmanniae Radix， coumarins and triterpenes were derived from Astragali Radix， flavonoids were from Astragali Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma. Conclusion:The established UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS analytical method can comprehensively and rapidly analyze and identify of the chemical constituents in Qizhi Jiangtang capsules. Many of the ingredients have been proved by modern pharmacological studies to have the effect of improving related symptoms of diabetes and its complications， reflecting the characteristics of synergistic action of multiple components in Qizhi Jiangtang capsules. This study can provide reference for the further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and the quality control of Qizhi Jiangtang capsules.

Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Jiechangyan Qixiao Granules Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:In order to systematically clarify the chemical composition of Jiechangyan Qixiao granules， the main chemical components in this preparation were rapidly identified and assigned by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS^E）. Method:ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） was employed for UPLC analysis with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-2 min， 5%B； 2-16 min， 5%-21%B； 16-30 min， 21%-95%B； 30-33 min， 95%B； 33-34 min， 95%-5%B； 34-37 min， 5%B）. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， the column temperature was 30 ℃， and the volume of sample injection was 2 μL. Electrospray ionization （ESI） was applied for scanning under positive and negative ion modes with the scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 60-1 200. MS^E mode was used to collect mass spectral data. The ion peaks were identified by comparing with the information of control substances， literature references and self-built database. Result:A total of 102 chemical components were separated and identified in Jiechangyan Qixiao granules， including organic acids， flavonoids and its glycosides， triterpenes， phenylethanoid glycosides， tannins， iridoid glycosides and other components， among which flavonoids and its glycosides were from Drynariae Rhizoma and Crataegi Fructus， phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides were from Plantaginis Semen， triterpenoids and tannins were from Crataegi Fructus and Chebulae Fructus. Among the identified chemical constituents， there were 28 from Drynariae Rhizoma， 31 from Plantaginis Semen， 53 from Chebulae Fructus and 58 ingredients from Crataegi Fructus. Conclusion:The established UPLC-Q-TOF/MS^E can comprehensively and rapidly analyze the chemical constituents in Jiechangyan Qixiao granules， and preliminarily elucidates the chemical composition profile of this granules， which can lay a foundation for further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of Jiechangyan Qixiao granules.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of iridoid glycosides in Lonicera japonica / 中国中药杂志

As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, Lonicera japonica has a long medicinal history. The chemical constituents of Lonicera japonica are complex, mainly including iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenes, organic acids and volatile oil. Iridoid glycosides account for a higher proportion. In addition, modern pharmacological studies have shown that the iridoid glycosides have many pharmacological activities such as antivirus, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, liver protection and lowering blood sugar. This review intends to systematically summarize the iridoid glycosides identified from Lonicera japonica and their pharmacological activities by searc-hing Chinese and English databases, in order to provide a reference for the further development and utilization of Lonicera japonica and for the improvement of quality standards of medicinal materials.

Determinating the content of iridoid glycosides and flavonoids constitutents simultaneously in Xiaoer-Ganyan granules by UHPLC-PDA / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To establish an UHPLC-PDA method for determinating the content of 7 iridoid glycosides and 4 flavonoids constitutents simultaneously in Xiaoer-Ganyan granules. Methods:To take Agilent Ecilipse C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.6 μm), and the colunm temperature was at 30 ℃. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile (A) and 0.05% phosphoric acid (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 240 and 278 nm.Results:The linear ranges of swertiamain, gentiopicrin, sweroside, shanzhiside methy ester, gardenoside, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin were 19.16-306.56 μg ( r=0.999 4), 3.34-53.28 μg ( r=0.999 1), 5.30-84.64 μg ( r=0.999 5), 0.80-12.80 μg ( r=0.999 4), 0.46-7.20 μg ( r=0.999 2), 2.78-44.48 μg ( r=0.999 6), 6.02-96.16 μg ( r=0.999 9), 33.22-531.36 μg ( r=0.999 9), 3.92-62.72 μg ( r=0.999 2), 2.38-37.92 μg ( r=0.999 7), 1.32-20.96 μg ( r=0.999 9), respectively. The average recoveries ( n=9) varied from 94.62%-107.53% with RSDs no more than 3.0%. Conclusion:Method validation suggested that the developed method was suitable for simultaneous determination of 11 major constitutents in Xiaoer-Ganyan granules, thus providing reference for the improvement of quality standard of the drug.

Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl and Their Anti-inflammatory Activities / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. METHODSE: Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by spectral methods. The anti-inflammatory activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells model. RESULTS: Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as 2'''-acetyl angroside C (1), saccatoside (2), 6-O-α-L-(2″-O-feruloyl)rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (3), scrophularioside (4), harprocumbide A (5), 6″-O-β-D-glucopyranosylharpagoside (6), harpagoside (7), 8-O-(p-coumaroyl)-harpagide (8), 8-O-feruloylharpagide (9), 6-O-α-D-galactopyranosylharpagoside (10), 6'-O-cinnamoylharpagide (11), angoroside B (12), angoroside C (13), scrophuloside B1 (14), 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), darendoside B (16), 6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (17), and sibirioside A (18). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is new compound, and compounds 2-4, 12, 14, and 17 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 12, and 13 show significant inhibition against nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells model.

Effect of Processing Technology on the Quality of Eucommia ulmoides and Recent Advances in Study on Its Chemical Composition and Pharmacology / 中国药学杂志

Eucommiae Cortex is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. Its raw products and salt-processed products are often used to nourish liver and kidney and strengthen muscles and bones. Based on systematic study of literature, this paper summarizes the influence of processing technology on the quality of Eucommia ulmoides, as well as recent research progress in the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Eucommia ulmoides, in order to lay a foundation for the research of normalization and standardization of Eucommia ulmoides decoction pieces.