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@#Introduction: Traditionally, feet are classified as high, normal or low arched. Studies on flat foot (pes planus) have been conducted in different ethnic groups in Nigeria but none has been conducted among young Ika adults. This study is therefore aimed at determining the prevalence of flat foot using plantar arch index among young adults of Ika. Methods: A total of 384 subjects comprising 199 females and 185 males aged 18-37 years participated in the study. Foot prints of subjects were obtained using the simple ink and duplicating paper method. The Plantar Arch Index was calculated by dividing the foot prints in three equidistant regions excluding the toes. The index value was the ratio between the area of the mid foot and the total area of the foot print. Descriptive statistics for each variable included mean and standard deviation while statistical tools included independent sample t-tests and paired samples test respectively. Results: After data analyses, the total prevalence of flat foot was 8.6% while a total of 24(6.3%) males had flat foot on their right foot while 16(4.2%) had on their left. However, 14(3.6%) and 12(3.1%) females had flat foot on their right and left foot sides respectively. The prevalence of Pes planus was significantly higher among males (P< 0.05) than their female counterparts on both foot sides. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between flat and normal foot on both foot sides while the difference between flat foot of the right side and that of the left was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Being the first of its kind in Ika, this study is therefore important to the Orthopaedist and Podiatrist in Nigeria for diagnosis and treatment choices of foot deformities amongst young adults of Ika.
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INTRODUCTION@#lgA pemphigus is a rare, chronic, relapsing, benign group of autoimmune intraepidermal blistering dermatosis with an unknown etiology. It is characterized by significantly pruritic, vesiculopustular lesions that occur mainly on the trunk and proximal extremities. Histopathologic and immunofluorescence studies show intraepidermal blisters and deposition of immunoglobulin A in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis, respectively.@*CASE REPORT@#To our knowledge, we present the first reported pediatric case of lgA pemphigus, intraepidermal neutrophilic type, in an 8-year old Filipino female with a 2-year history of generalized papules and flaccid pustules, some forming an annular pattern. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Desmoglein 1 was negative. Complete clearance of lesions was achieved with dapsone, colchicine and prednisone.
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@#Henoch- Schonlein purpura (lgA vasculitis) is the most common vasculitis in the pediatric population. It usually affects the skin, synovia, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. It usually presents as a palpable purpura. The occurrence of hemorrhagic bullae in children with HSP is an uncommon presentation. We present a case of an otherwise healthy 9-year-old male with a three-day history of erythematous maculopapular lesions over the lower extremItIes which progressed to violaceous plaques with central hemorrhagic bullae affecting the bilateral lower extremities, buttocks and arms. Odynophagia and intermittent abdominal pain were present. Histopathology revealed small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) showed granular deposition of lgA and fibrinogen along the walls of the papillary dermal blood vessels. The patient was successfully treated with prednisone at 1 mg/kg/day and showed resolution of lesions within 1 week of treatment with no recurrence at 1 month follow-up. We stress the importance of having a high index of suspicion in these atypical presentations in order to prevent delay in diagnosis and achieve maximal treatment gains.
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Introduction: Flood is one of the climate change induced hazards occurring in most parts of the world. It exposes humanity and many socio-ecological systems to various levels of risks. In Nigeria, extreme rainfall events and poor drainage system have caused inundation of several settlements to flooding. To contain the disaster, risk mapping were among the measures recommended. Aims: The aim of this paper is to highlight flood risk zones (FRZ) in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area (LGA), Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: Flood risk (FR) was mapped using hazards and vulnerability and implemented using geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria analysis analytic hierarchy process (MCA-AHP) framework by incorporating seven environmental and two socio-economic factors. Elevation, flow accumulation, soil water index of wettest quarter, normalized difference vegetation index, rainfall of wettest quarter, runoff of wettest quarter and distance from rivers constituted the hazard component while population density and area of agricultural land use was the vulnerability layer. The climate change induced flood risk was validated using the responses of 150 residents in high, moderate and low flood risk zones. Results: The resulting flood risk map indicated that about 40.4% of Uhunmwonde LGA fell within high flood risk zone, 35.3% was categorized under moderate flood risk zone whereas low flood risk zone extended up to about 24.3% of the LGA. The high number of respondents who reported occurrence of flooding with frequency being very often and the fact that flooding was a very serious environmental threat during on-the-spot field assessment validated the generated climate change induced flood risk. Conclusion: The utilitarian capabilities of GIS-based MCA-AHP framework in integrating remotely-sensed biophysical and climate change related flood inducing indicators with socio-economic vulnerabilities to arrive at composite flood risk was demonstrated.
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The effects of industrial wastewater from Port-Harcourt Refinery Company Limited on Ekerekana Creek, Rivers state were studied. This study was carried out in July and December 2015. Analyses focused on Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, pH, Phosphate, Nitrate, Temperature, Dissolve Oxygen, BOD5 and Total Hydrocarbon Content as some of the parameters of interest. Sterilized yellowish-brown bottles were used to collect samples from each location and fixed with concentrated HNO3 before transporting to the laboratory in iced coolers. Water samples from the different stations were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM- SPSS(C)) version 19.0, statistical package for windows and MS Excel was used in the analysis of data. The test of homogeneity of variance in Means of the variables was carried out using the one way ANOVA. Results obtained showed that for heavy metals concentrations, Cadmium varied between 0.03 mg/L and 0.70 mg/L (0.39 ±0.06), Lead varied between 0.09 mg/L and 0.65 mg/L (0.29 ±0.04), Chromium between 0.04 mg/L and 0.46 mg/L (0.23 ±0.03) and Copper 0.10 mg/L and 0.90 mg/L (0.45 ±0.06) respectively. Others include pH which varied between 5.7 and 6.8 (6.15 ±0.07), Dissolved Oxygen 3.40 mg/L and 6.40 mg/L (4.75 ±0.22). BOD and Turbidity varied between 6.20 mg/L and 9.90 mg/L (7.77 ±0.29) and 8.60NTU and 11.20NTU (9.80 ±0.20) respectively. General results show that station 2 (discharge point) had maximum concentrations of heavy metals and other contributory parameters, and their values were higher than World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) standards. The test of homogeneity of variance in means of the physical and chemical parameters revealed significant spatial inequality F(161.45)>Fcrit(4.49) at P = .05 across the sampling stations.
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Background: The objective of the study was to know the maternal clinical profile and short term outcome of term large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted in the tertiary neonatal unit, Odisha, during the study period February to November 2018. All inborn term neonates with birth weight above 90th percentile for gestational age excluding neonates with major congenital anomalies were included. Maternal clinical profile data from the antenatal records, neonatal demographic profile and co-morbidities over time were recorded using a checklist. The analysis of data was done using SPSS 21.0. Univariate summary statistics and bivariate Fischer’s exact test were used to analyse the data.Results: The prevalence of delivery of LGA and macrosomic neonate in our institution was 2.5%, and 1.1% respectively. Ninety one percent of LGA neonates were born before 39weeks and 80% babies delivered by cesarean section. Majority 39 (86.7%) of LGA babies were born to non-diabetic mother, four (8.9%) neonates born to GDM mother, two (4.4%) were born to mother with pre pregnancy diabetes mellitus. Sixteen (35.5%) neonates were admitted to NICU for different comorbidities like neonatal jaundice (37.8%), polycythemia (24.4%), transient tachypnea of new-born (20%), hypoglycemia (15.6%), hypocalcaemia (15.6%), and seizure (4.4%). The comorbidities like hypoglycaemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress were more in LGA babies with diabetic mother compared to non-diabetic mother.Conclusions: About nine in ten LGA neonates were born to non-diabetic mothers, however, LGA infants of diabetic mothers are at higher risk of metabolic complications like hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia compared to non-diabetic mother
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Background: Estimation of HbA1c in gestational diabetes mellitus patients is not being recommended by any societies/guidelines as studies regarding the role of HbA1c for monitoring of euglycemic control and predicting the maternal and perinatal outcomes in GDM patients (unlike overt diabetes) are conflicting and sparse.Methods: This was a prospective study with an aim to evaluate the role of HbA1c estimation in late pregnancy (early and late third trimester) for prediction of pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. 53 patients with GDM (diagnosed before third trimester) were recruited for the study. HbA1c levels were estimated in late pregnancy (at 28-32 weeks and again repeated at 37 - 39 weeks or at the time of delivery). Correlation of HbA1c levels in third trimester with maternal and perinatal outcome was studied in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and cut off taken was 5.8%.Results: Of the total 53 patients 54.7% had HbA1c levels <5.8% and 45.3% had HbA1c ≥5.8% done at 28-32 weeks. Also when HbA1c levels done at 37-39 weeks POG/ at the time of delivery, 52.8% patients had <5.8% and 47.2% had HbA1c ≥5.8%. Approximately one-fourth of the patients had HbA1c ≥ 5.8% even with normal blood sugar levels (euglycemic) control. There was statistically significant increased incidence of polyhydramnios, LGA (large for gestational age babies) and increased mean birth weight in patients with HbA1c ≥ 5.8%, done in late pregnancy. However there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of preterm labour, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, urinary tract infections, vulvovaginal infections, caesarean deliveries and postpartum haemorrhage in patients with HbA1c ≥5.8% compared to patients with HbA1c <5.8%.Conclusions: The study revealed that in patients of GDM with HbA1c levels ≥5.8% done in third trimester was statistically significantly associated with increased incidence of polyhydramnios, large for gestational age babies and increased mean birth weight when compared to patients with HbA1c <5.8%.
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The insulin-like growth factor(IGF) system consists of IGFs, their receptor and binding proteins(IGFBPs). The IGFs are important growth factors in the regulation of fetal growth. Since IGFBPs control IGF actions, the IGFBPs themselves may also be important in fetal growth and development. The goals of this study are to investigate the profiles of IGFBPs in cord sera of appropriate-for-gestatinal age(AGA, n=27), small-for-gestatinal age(SGA, n=14), large-for-gestatinal age(LGA, n=10) infants and preterm(PT, n=14) infants and to evaluate the relationship between these IGFBP levels and gestational weeks and birth weight and between total IGFBP levels in cord sera and paired maternal sera(n=65). The IGFBPs were analyzed by Western ligand blot and immunoprecipitation. In cord sera of AGA infants IGFBPs with molecular weight with 37/43 kilocatons(kDa; IGFBP-3), 31 kDa(IGFBP-2), 26 kDa(IGFBP-1), 24 kDa(IGFBP-4) were detected. In cord sera of LGA infants there was a significant increase in IGFBP-3 levels and a reduction of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-4 levels compared with those in AGA infants. SGA infants had significantly higher IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels in cord sera than AGA infants. There was a similiar trend in IGFBP-1 levels in cord sera of PT infants. The relative proportion of IGFBP-4 in cord sera of SGA and PT infants was significantly higher than that of AGA infants. There was no significant correlation beween total IGFBP levels in cord sera and paired maternal sera. The ratios of total IGFBP in cord sera to that in maternal sera to that in maternal sera were significantly higher in SGA and PT infants than in AGA infants. The IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels correlated with birth weight but did not correlate with gestational weeks. These data suggest that there is an unique profile of IGFBPs in cord sera of infants according to their weight, and that IGFBPs may play a major role in the control of fetal growth.
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Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Poids de naissance , Développement foetal , Âge gestationnel , Immunoprécipitation , Prématuré , Protéine-1 de liaison aux IGF , Protéine-2 de liaison aux IGF , Protéine-3 de liaison aux IGF , Protéine-4 de liaison aux IGF , Protéines de liaison aux IGF , Protéines et peptides de signalisation intercellulaire , Masse moléculaireRésumé
The secretory component (SC) which localized in the cpithelial cells of bile ducts and interlobular bile ductules of normal human Jiver was confirmed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using FITC-labelled rabbit JgG and rabbit anti-SC antibody. The results show that the intrahepatic SC is one of substantial bases for enterohepatie circulation. and the elevation of serum SIgA might be due to the destruction of these cells integrity.