Résumé
Background & objectives: Preventing unintended pregnancies among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is one of the strategies of WHO for preventing parent-to-child transmission (PPTCT). Given the limitation of only condom use, the objective of this study was to improve use of dual contraceptive methods among HIV infected women. Methods: An experimental study among HIV positive women was conducted at two tertiary care level hospitals in Mumbai. Linking HIV with family planning services was the focus of intervention at one site and standard level of care was maintained at the control site. At each site, 150 HIV+ve women attending counselling and testing centres, who did not intend to get pregnant in the next one year and were eligible to use dual methods, were enrolled and followed up to one year. Results: At the end of one year, 60 per cent women in the intervention group reached Family Planning Centres compared to eight per cent in the control group. There was three times more acceptance and continuation of use of dual methods along with increase in consistent use of condoms and less number of unplanned pregnancies in the intervention group than the control group. Interpretation & conclusions: The study findings demonstrate that linking HIV and family planning services may facilitate the uptake of dual methods of contraception without reducing consistent condom use among HIV infected women. The PPTCT programmes need to focus on the component of Prong 2 of PPTCT which aims to prevent unintended pregnancies among HIV positive women.
Résumé
Many extracellular signaling molecules including hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters and immunoglobulins elicit intracellular responses by activating phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) upon binding to their cell surface receptors. Activated PLC catalyses the hydrolysis of Phosphotidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate DAG and IP3 , which act as signaling molecules that control various cellular processes. Exploring the mechanism of regulation of PLC activity may lead to understanding various signaling events that regulate cell growth and differentiation. One of the dramatic effects of profilin is inhibition of PIP2 hydrolysis by PLC- γ in eukaryotic cells. In the present study, the effect of profilin on Phosphotidylinositol specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) purified from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was examined. Assay of PI-PLC activity indicated that Bovine profilin activated the hydrolysis of phosphotidylinositol (PI) by BtPI-PLC in a concentration dependent manner under in vitro conditions. A 250 % increase in activity was noted in the presence of profilin but not in presence of phosphoprofilin. In the presence of profilin more proteins are observed in the soluble fraction. In conclusion it can be stated that that profilin activates bacterial PLC activity towards PI hydrolysis.
Résumé
In order to sustain their competitive advantage in the current increasingly globalized and turbulent context, more and more firms are competing globally in alliances and networks that oblige them to adopt new managerial paradigms and tools. However, their strategic analyses rarely take into account the strategic implications of these alliances and networks, considering their global relational characteristics, admittedly because of a lack of adequate tools to do so. This paper contributes to research that seeks to fill this gap by proposing the Global Strategic Network Analysis - SNA - framework. Its purpose is to help firms that compete globally in alliances and networks to carry out their strategic assessments and decision-making with a view to ensuring dynamic strategic fit from both a global and relational perspective.
Com vistas a sustentar sua vantagem competitiva no contexto de globalização e mudanças crescentes, mais e mais empresas estão competindo globalmente por meio de alianças e redes que as obrigam de adotar novos paradigmas e ferramentas gerenciais. No entanto, suas análises estratégicas raramente levam em conta as implicações estratégicas dessas alianças e redes, considerando suas características globais e relacionais, aparentemente, por falta de ferramentas analíticas adequadas. Este artigo contribui para as pesquisas que buscam preencher esta lacuna, ao propor o "Global Strategic Network Analysis - SNA - framework". O objetivo deste é de auxiliar empresas que competem globalmente em alianças e redes na condução das suas avaliações estratégicas e tomadas de decisão com vistas a assegurar uma adequação estratégica dinâmica pela perspectiva ao mesmo tempo global e relacional.
Résumé
Este artigo verifica as condições nas quais os programas e as políticas públicas promotoras de vínculos de negócios (VNs), entre grandes empresas compradoras e pequenos fornecedores locais agem, pressupondo que o Estado tem um importante papel nesse estímulo e que tais vínculos geram desenvolvimento regional e reduzem o desequilíbrio social. A pesquisa empírica, de natureza qualitativa, busca analisar ações e programas de promoção de VNs desenvolvidos no Brasil, bem como as instituições envolvidas, verificar os benefícios dessas ações e identificar oportunidades de intervenção do Estado. Os resultados indicam que políticas públicas podem ser criadas como complemento às políticas de desenvolvimento, voltadas à educação, ualificação de profissionais e incentivadoras de transferência de tecnologia e, de maneira mais ampla, como promotoras de um ambiente propício à atração de investimentos estrangeiros diretos e ao ambiente de negócios. Sugestões de pesquisas futuras são apresentadas como sistemas de governança que abrangem a relação entre as empresas e sua conexão com o setor público.