Hiperinsuflação manual: revisão de evidências técnicas e clínicas / Manual hyperinflation: technical and clinical evidence review

INTRODUÇÃO: A técnica de hiperinsuflação manual (HM), também conhecida como "bag squeezing" ou "bagging", foi inicialmente descrita como um recurso para melhorar a oxigenação pré e pós-aspiração traqueal, mobilizar o excesso de secreção brônquica e reexpandir áreas pulmonares colapsadas. OBJETIVO: Apresentar evidências científicas sobre os efeitos da manobra de HM como recurso fisioterapêutico, bem como suas indicações clínicas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas SciELO, ScienceDirect, PubMed e PEDro, utilizando-se os descritores "hiperinsuflação manual" (manual hyperinflation) e "fisioterapia" (physiotherapy). Como critério de inclusão considerou-se: conter os descritores no título ou resumo; ensaios clínicos que abordassem "hiperinsuflação manual" e fisioterapia; textos em inglês e português; publicações entre 1994 e 2011. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 25 estudos e todos apontaram a importância dessa manobra na mobilização de secreções traqueobrônquicas e para reexpansão de alvéolos colapsados, devido à melhora do volume pulmonar. Adequação das trocas gasosas, melhora da oxigenação e da complacência pulmonar, prevenção e tratamento de atelectasias são outras indicações. Também é consensual a preocupação com a padronização na aplicação da técnica. Melhores resultados são alcançados quando o volume aplicado é cerca de 50% maior que o volume corrente do paciente. Precauções quanto a limites de pressão em torno de 40 cm H2O, para se evitar barotraumas, também são referidas pela maioria dos estudos. CONCLUSÃO: A literatura traz evidências que sustentam a indicação do HM para mobilização e eliminação de secreções traqueobrônquicas e prevenção de infecções/complicações, além da necessidade de padronização da técnica.

INTRODUCTION: The manual hyperinflation technique, also called like "bag squeezing" or "bagging", primarily it has described as a tool to improve oxygenation in pre and post-aspiration, tracheobronchial secretions mobilization and reexpansion of collapsed alveoli. OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence on the effects of manual hyperinflation (MH) like a physiotherapy resource, as well as clinical indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was performed a review in the electronic databases SciELO, ScienceDirect, PubMed and PEDro, using the descriptors "manual hyperinflation" (hiperinsuflação manual) and "physiotherapy" (fisioterapia). The criteria for inclusions were: include the descriptors in title or abstract; clinical trial about "manual hyperinflation" and physiotherapy; papers in English and Portuguese; publications between 1994 and 2011. RESULTS: It was selected 25 paper; they were unanimous about the importance of MH for tracheobronchial secretions mobilization and for collapsed alveoli reexpansion, to improvement in lung volume. Other indications of this feature are: prevention and treatment of atelectasis, effects can be enhanced when combined with physiotherapy techniques. In this review was noted a concern about the standardization of the technique that shown better results when a volume 50% higher than the patient's tidal volume are applied during the maneuver. Precautions to limit pressure around 40 cm H2O to avoid barotrauma, are also cited by most studies. CONCLUSION: The literature brings evidence that support the indication of MH for tracheobronchial secretions mobilization and elimination, and prevention of infection/complications, and it is necessary to standardize the technique.

Effect of multimodality chest physiotherapy on the rate of recovery and prevention of complications in patients with mechanical ventilation: A prospective study in medical and surgical intensive care units.

Background: Mechanically ventilated patients have an increased risk of complications leading to ventilation weaning more difficult resulting in excessive morbidity and mortality. Chest physiotherapy plays an important role in management of ventilated patients. However, these techniques have been studied on patients as a single entity or with combination of two techniques. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of multimodality chest physiotherapy on the rate of recovery and prevention of complications in adult ventilated patients. Materials and Methods: Out of 173 patients who were randomly allocated to two groups, 86 patients received MH and suctioning in control group and 87 patients were treated with multimodality chest physiotherapy in the study group twice daily till they were extubated. All patients were followed up for the global outcomes and complications during mechanical ventilation. Results: There were significant improvements in terms of rate of recovery in study group compared to the control group (P = 0.000). Complication rates were higher with 61.6% in the control group as compared to 26.4% in the study group. Duration of hospitalization was longer in the study group (16 ± 9.40 days) as compared to the control group (12.8 ± 6.12 days). Successful weaning from mechanical ventilation was noted in 58 patients in the study group and 24 patients in the control group which was statistically significant. Conclusions: Multi-modality chest physiotherapy protocol has shown to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia and enhance the clinical outcome in ventilated patients and may be recommended as a treatment option in ICU. It has also shown to enhance the weaning process and proved to be safe.