Administración subcutánea de levotiroxina en hipotiroidismo refractario / Subcutaneous administration of levothyroxine in refrac tory hypothyroidism

Resumen El hipotiroidismo generalmente se puede tratar de manera efectiva con levotiroxina (LT-4) oral. Sin em bargo, el hipotiroidismo refractario al tratamiento con LT-4 es una condición clínica frecuente. Entre las causas se encuentra la falta de adherencia, interacciones con alimentos u otros medicamentos y enfermedades gas trointestinales, como enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y síndromes de intestino corto. El aumento de la dosis oral de LT-4 no siempre es eficaz en estos escenarios. Por lo tanto, pueden ser necesarias otras vías de administración. En este reporte, evaluamos modalidades alternativas de tratamiento para el hipotiroidismo re fractario y presentamos dos pacientes con malabsorción intestinal tratadas con éxito mediante la administración subcutánea de LT-4.

Abstract Hypothyroidism can usually be treated effectively with oral levothyroxine (LT-4) supplementation. However, hypothyroidism refractory to treatment with LT-4 is a common clinical condition. Causes include poor com pliance, interactions with food or other medications, and gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and short bowel syndromes. Increasing the oral dose of LT-4 is not always effective in these scenarios. Therefore, other routes of administration may be neces sary. In this report, we evaluate alternative treatment modalities for refractory hypothyroidism and present two patients with intestinal malabsorption successfully treated by subcutaneous administration of LT-4.

Predição da Potencial Evasão Acadêmica entre Estudantes Trabalhadores e Não Trabalhadores / Prediction of Potential Higher Education Dropout in Employed and Unemployed Undergraduate Students

Resumo A evasão do ensino superior é um problema relevante. Muitos estudantes não concluem o nível superior devido às dificuldades financeiras e questões psicossociais. Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar preditores dos motivos para a potencial evasão do ensino superior entre 385 estudantes universitários empregados e 397 estudantes desempregados. Os resultados mostraram que os motivos para a potencial evasão do ensino superior na amostra abrangeram os fatores vocacionais, carreira, desempenho acadêmico, interpessoais e falta de suporte. Essas evidências demonstram que a potencial evasão pode ser compreendida por preditores relacionados ao tipo de instituição, financiamento, autoavaliação de desempenho e níveis de satisfação com o curso, condição financeira e escolha profissional. Nas relações de predição entre estudantes que trabalham e não trabalham, há ainda especificidades fundamentais para formular políticas e práticas, com o intuito de maximizar a permanência dos alunos na graduação e otimizar o planejamento da trajetória acadêmica e profissional desses estudantes.

Abstract Higher education dropout is a relevant problem. Many students do not complete college because of financial and psychosocial issues. We aimed to identify predictors of the reasons for potential dropout of higher education among 385 university students employed and 397 unemployed. We showed that the reasons for the potential dropout of higher education in the sample are related to factors as vocational, career, academic performance, interpersonal and lack of support. This evidence demonstrates that predictors related to the type of institution, study financing, self-evaluation and levels of satisfaction with course, financial condition and professional choice predict the college dropout potential among students who work and do not work. Thus, it is necessary to plan public policies that cover these variables and consider the specificities of these groups while formulating policies and practices with the purpose of maximizing student's permanence in higher education and optimizing their professional trajectory planning.

Composición corporal y trastornos respiratorios del sueño en escolares de Valdivia, Chile / Relationship between body composition and sleep-disordered breathing in schoolchildren from Valdivia, Chile

Resumen: Introducción: La malnutrition por exceso en la infancia constituye una epidemia mundial y se asocia a múltiples enfermedades y complicaciones. Entre ellas, destacan los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS), espectro de enfermedades que han emergido como un problema de salud relevante. Objetivo: Eva luar la relación entre la composición corporal y la presencia de TRS en escolares. Sujetos y Méto do: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en 127 escolares de primero a octavo básico escogidos aleatoriamente de cinco establecimientos municipales de Valdivia, Chile. La incorporación al estudio ocurrió luego del proceso de consentimiento informado del responsable del escolar y asentimiento informado del menor. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se determinó la presencia de TRS mediante el Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Para el análisis se aplicó esta dística descriptiva, t de Student y test x2 para determinar asociación de variables con la presencia de TRS. Resultados: Destacó alta prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso (71,7%) y la obesidad alcanzó 39,4%. En tanto la prevalencia de TRS fue 32,3%. Hubo mayor proporción de niños con TRS en escolares obesos severos (56,3%), así como una media significativamente mayor en niños con TRS para los pliegues bicipital (14,6 mm ± 7,3 vs. 12,0 mm ± 6,6; p=0,002) y tricipital (19,8 ± 6,7 mm vs. 16,2 mm ± 6,0; p =0,04). Conclusiones: Existen altas prevalencias de malnutrición por exceso y TRS. De las medidas antropométricas, la presencia de TRS se asoció con mayor grosor de los plie gues bicipital y tricipital.

Abstract: Introduction: Overnutrition in childhood constitutes a global epidemic and has been associated with multiple di seases and complications. Among them, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) stands out, a spectrum of diseases that have emerged as a relevant health problem. Objective: To evaluate the association bet ween nutritional status and SDB in schoolchildren. Subjects and Method: Cross-sectional analytical study of 127 schoolchildren randomly selected from five public schools in Valdivia, Chile. After the informed assent and informed consent process of the child and parents/guardian respectively, the students were incorporated into the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed and the presence of SDB was determined through the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). For the data analysis, the t-test and x2 test were used to determine the association of variables with SDB. Re sults: There was a high prevalence of overnutrition (71.7%) and obesity reached 39.4%. Regarding the prevalence of SDB, it was 32.3%. There was a higher proportion of children with SDB in severely obese schoolchildren (56.3%), as well as, a significantly higher mean of biceps and triceps skinfold thickness in children with SDB (14.6 mm ± 7.3 vs. 12.0 mm ± 6.6, p = 0.002, and 19.8 ± 6.7 mm vs. 16.2 mm ± 6.0, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: There is high prevalence of overnutrition and SDB. Out of the anthropometric measurements, the presence of SDB was associated with greater thickness of the biceps and triceps skinfolds.

Evaluation Of Anticonvulsant Activity Of Cow Urine Betel Vine Extract In Mice

The present study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of Cowurine betel vine extract in rats. Anticonvulsant activity was performed by using the two modelsMaximal Electric Shock (MES) induced convulsions and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) inducedconvulsions. The animals were fed with Cow urine betel vine extract at the dose of 250 and500mg/kg b.w orally for a period of 14 days. The pretreated extract reduced the convulsions ina dose dependent manner which was determined by taking the duration of flexion, extensor,clonus and stupor phase and Percentage of inhibition of seizures relative to controls wascalculated.

Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves by MES model in rats

Background: Epilepsy is the commonest neurological condition affecting people of all ages, race and social class. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on maximal electroshock model in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of Phenytoin on Maximal electro shock model.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using MES (Maximal electroshock) model. Phenytoin (25mg/kg) as standard for Maximal electroshock, and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) were used as test drugs. Parameters observed in MES were abolition of hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) and time taken to regain righting reflex.Results: In MES model, control group showed 0% protection and standard phenytoin group showed 100% protection. Aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed 33.33% and 50% protection from seizures respectively. The mean duration of time to regain righting reflex was significantly reduced in Adhatoda vasica groups when compared to control group (p <0.001). When groups 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of Adhatoda vasica were compared for mean difference in the duration of time to regain righting reflex, statistically non-significant results (p >0.05) were obtained.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in MES model.

Effect of promethazine on seizure activity and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs diazepam and phenytoin in Rats

Background: Current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective in controlling seizures in about 70% patients but use is often limited by adverse effects. Promethazine, H1 receptor antagonist, has a controversial status in patients of epilepsy. Both pro and antiepileptic effect has been documented in various animal studies. Hence, this study was designed to see the effect of promethazine, an H1 antihistaminic drug and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs in rats.Methods: The effect of promethazine (10mg/kg) and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs diazepam and phenytoin was assessed by using maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and chemoshock (PTZ) method.Results: Promethazine along with diazepam in subtherapeutic doses exerted significant protection against MES induced seizures whereas no such protection was observed with PTZ method rather the seizure threshold was reduced.Conclusions: Subtherapeutic doses of Promethazine alone and in combination with diazepam showed protection against seizures in MES method. However, proconvulsant effect was seen with PTZ method suggesting histamine plays a protective role in development of seizures. This shows dual behavior of promethazine on MES and PTZ induced seizures.

Anticonvulsant effects of nimodipine alone and combination with phenytoin on MES induced seizures

Background: To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Nimodipine alone and in combination with Phenytoin, in MES induced seizures.Methods: The study was conducted in mice and MES seizure was induced by Techno electroconvulsometer. In first part of study, animals were treated with Nimodipine (20mg/kg i.p. and 40mg/kg i.p.) and Phenytoin (0.5 mg/100g i.p. and 1.0mg/100g i.p.), MES was induced and durations of various phases were noted. Duration of Tonic hind limb extension (THLE) was taken as index for antiepileptic activity. In second part, the animals were treated with combination of sub effective doses of Nimodipine (20mg/kg i.p.) and Phenytoin (0.5mg/100g i.p.), MES was induced and durations of various phases were noted.Results: Nimodipine produced significant antiepileptic activity, in dose dependent manner. Phenytoin produced significant antiepileptic effect in dose of 1.0mg/100g but failed to produce any such effect in dose of 0.5mg/100g, when administered alone. But when sub effective doses.Of Nimodipine and Phenytoin were combined, a synergistic effect was seen.Conclusions: Nimodipine possess significant antiepileptic activity, alone, as well as it potentiates the antiepileptic effect of Phenytoin, suggesting the novel application of already proven safe and efficacious calcium channel blockers.

Evaluation of antiepileptic activity of trachyspermum ammi (ajwain oil) alone and as an adjuvant to diazepam in swiss albino mice

Background: Epilepsy is defined as a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. Taking into account high prevalence of epilepsy and the adverse effects of the current antiepileptic agents which leads to noncompliance, more attempts should be made to re-explore the natural sources for new drug discoveries.Methods: The antiepileptic activity of Ajwain oil alone and as adjuvant to diazepam in swiss albino mice was evaluated using Maximum Electro Shock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model. A total of forty eight (N=48) swiss albino mice weighing 20-30g of either sex were used in the study. Animals were divided into 2 sets of 24 animals each, which were further divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. In either set, control received - 2% Tween 80 (10mg/kg); standard- Diazepam (2mg/kg); Test drug- Ajwain oil (75mg/kg) and Adjuvant group- Ajwain oil (75mg/kg) + Diazepam (2mg/kg). All the drugs were given intraperitoneally 30min before inducing seizures.Results: One way ANOVA was used to compare the means of all the groups followed by post Hoc Tukey’s test for statistical evaluation. In MES model, test drug showed statistically significant antiepileptic activity compared to control, however the results were comparable to standard. In PTZ, adjuvant therapy showed significant activity compared to standard, with a p value <0.001.Conclusions: Therefore, authors conclude that Ajwain oil has significant anti-epileptic activity.

Comparison of two methods of evaluating occupational health risk in a shoemaking enterprise / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the applicability of Singapore Ministry of Manpower( MOM) risk model and MES model in risk assessment of occupational health hazard caused by chemical poisons in shoemaking enterprises. METHODS: A medium-sized shoemaking enterprise in Guangzhou City was selected as the research object to carry out on-the-spot investigation of occupational health,measure the level of chemical hazards in the air of the workplace. Occupational health risk assessment of chemical toxins in the workplace was conducted using the MOM model and the MES model,and the results of the two evaluations were compared. RESULTS: The occupational chemical hazards in workplace of the shoemaking enterprise mainly included the toluene,xylene,ethyl acetate,butyl acetate,n-hexane,and 1,2-dichloroethan( 1,2-DCE). The concentration-time weighted average( CTWA) of 1,2-DCE at the stitching post,methylbenzene at the brush coating post and ethyl acetate at the cleaning post exceeded occupational exposure limits. The MOM model assessment results showed that methylbenzene was of high risk and 1,2-DCE was of medium risk in brush coating post. n-Hexane and1,2-DCE were of medium risk in stitching post. Ethyl acetate and 1,2-DCE was of medium risk in cleaning post. The results of the MES model evaluation showed that the risk level of n-hexane and 1,2-DCE used in sticking,brush coating and cleaning posts was extremely high and the remaining chemicals were highly dangerous. CONCLUSION: Both MOM model and MES model can easily predict and assess the occupational health risk of various posts in shoemaking enterprises to some extent. The assessment result of MES model is more practical than that of MOM model.

Perioperative morbidity and mortality in the first year of life: a systematic review (1997-2012) / Morbimortalidade perioperatória no primeiro ano de idade: revisão sistemática (1997-2012)

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although many recognize that the first year of life and specifically the neonatal period are associated with increased risk of anesthetic morbidity and mortality, there are no studies directed to these pediatric subpopulations. This systematic review of the scientific literature including the last 15 years aimed to analyze the epidemiology of morbidity and mortality associated with general anesthesia and surgery in the first year of life and particularly in the neonatal (first month) period.CONTENT: The review was conducted by searching publications in Medline/PubMed databases, and the following outcomes were evaluated: early mortality in the first year of life (<1 year) and in subgroups of different vulnerability in this age group (0-30 days and 1-12 months) and the prevalence of cardiac arrest and perioperative critical/adverse events of various types in the same subgroups.CONCLUSIONS: The current literature indicates great variability in mortality and morbidity in the age group under consideration and in its subgroups. However, despite the obvious methodological heterogeneity and absence of specific studies, epidemiological profiles of morbidity and mortality related to anesthesia in children in the first year of life show higher frequency of morbidity and mortality in this age group, with the highest peaks of incidence in the neonates' anesthesia.

RESUMOJUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Embora muitos reconheçam que a idade inferior a um ano e especificamente o período neonatal estejam associados a maior risco de morbimortalidade anestésica, não existem estudos dirigidos a essas subpopulações pediátricas. Esta revisão sistemática das publicações científicas dos últimos 15 anos teve como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico da morbimortalidade relacionada com a anestesia geral e cirurgia no primeiro ano de idade e em particular no período neonatal (primeiro mês de idade).CONTEúDO: A revisão foi conduzida por pesquisa de publicações nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed. Foram avaliados os seguintes desfechos: mortalidade precoce no primeiro ano de idade (< 1A) e em subgrupos de diferente vulnerabilidade nesta faixa etária (0-30 dias e 1-12 meses) e prevalência de parada cardíaca e eventos críticos/adversos perioperatórios de diversos tipos nos mesmos subgrupos.CONCLUSÕES: A literatura corrente indica grande variabilidade nos índices de mortalidade e morbidade na faixa etária em análise, bem como nos seus subgrupos. No entanto, apesar da óbvia heterogeneidade metodológica e da ausência de estudos específicos, os perfis epidemiológicos de morbimortalidade relacionada com a anestesia de crianças no primeiro ano de idade mostram frequência mais alta de morbimortalidade nessa faixa etária, com os maiores picos de incidência na anestesia de neonatos.

Effects of Recombinant Adenovirus Carrying Apoptin Gene on the Apoptosis of Human Lung Squamous Carcinoma SK-MES-1 Cell Lines and Human Lung Adenocarcinoma NCI-H1299 Cell Lines / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of recombinant adenovirus vector Adxsi-GFP-VP3 carrying apoptin gene VP3 on the apoptosis of human lung squamous carcinoma SK-MES-1 cell lines and human lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H1299 cell lines. METHODS:The exponential phase SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines were respectively divided into a recombinant adenovirus (Adxsi-GFP-VP3) group,a empty virus (Adxsi-GFP) group and a cell control (phosphate buffer) group,which were marked as group A,B and C respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot method were used to detect the ex-pressions of VP3 mRNA and Apoptin in the cells of groups A and B 48 and 72 h after transfection. The change in the ultrastructure of the cells in group A was observed under transmission electron microscope 72 h thereafter. MTT method was adopted to detect the cell proliferation activities of three groups 24,48,72 and 96 h thereafter and flow cytometry to determine the apoptosis rates and cell cycle changes 24,48 and 72 h thereafter. RESULTS:Compared to group B,group A demonstrated the expression of VP3 mRNA in SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines 48 h after transfection,and Apoptin expression and ultrastructure change for apopto-sis of SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines 72 h thereafter. Compared to groups B and C,group A showed lower proliferation activ-ities and higher apoptosis rates of SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines,which had a positive correlation with transfection time;and in the group A,there was a decrease in the proportion of the SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines in S phase and an increase in the proportion of those in G2/M phase,72 h after transfection. There was statistically difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Adxsi-GFP-VP3 can effectively induce the apoptosis of SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines.

Comparative Study of Anticonvulsant Property among Different Fluoro Substituted Synthesized Benzothiazole Derivatives.

Objective: The present study is to evaluate antiepileptic activity of some fluoro benzothiazolo oxadiazolo quinazoline and sulfonamido quinazoline derivatives. Background of the Study: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain, characterized by the periodic and unpredictable occurrence of seizures. Epilepsies affect around 1–2% of the world population including the fact that the convulsions of approximately 25% of epileptics are inadequately controlled by medication. Materials and Methods: Albino mice (weighing 20-25g) of either sex were used in this study. MES seizures were induced in mice by delivering electroshock of 60ma for 0.2 seconds by means of an electro- convulsiometer transauricularly through a pair of ear clip electrodes. Both test animals and standard group received diazepam (5mg/kg) p.o strychnine nitrate (1 mg/kg) was administered. Results and Discussion: MES induced convulsion the mentioned dose was administered one hour prior to MES elicitation. It was observed that all SSBDs except ap- 7, bz-10 and s-5 shown significant anticonvulsant effect. The results are compiled in the Table 1 and graphically depicted in Figs 1 and 2 respectively. Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that the SSBDS ap-3, ap-6 and bz-9 were shown significant anticonvulsant activity against both MES and strychnine induced models.

The Anticonvulsant Effect of Eupatorium Birmanicum DC Leave Extract Alone and in Combination with Phenytoin Against MES Seizure in Albino Mice.

To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Eupatorium birmanicum DC leave (EB) alone and in combination with phenytoin against MES seizure in albino mice. Method: Aqueous extract of EB was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. The anticonvulsant effect of the extract was tested on prescreened albino mice at 3 doses (200, 400 & 800 mg/kg). After 1 hr of oral administration of EB the animals were subjected to MES seizures by convulsiometer with a current of 45 mA for 0.2 sec via transauricular electrodes and the duration of the THLE was recorded. Sub-anticonvulsant dose of phenytoin was also determined and the effect of its combination with the most effective dose of EB tested. Results: EB aqueous extract exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity in the MES model at doses 400 mg/ kg (p<0.01) & 800 mg/kg (p<0.001). This reduction in the duration of THLE at 800mg/kg of EB was further reduced significantly (p<0.001) when combined with subanticonvulsant doses of phenytoin (10mg/kg). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of E. birmanicum leaves showed significant anticonvulsant activity in MES seizure model in albino mice and it significantly increased the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin in the same animal model.

Melioidosin is a main virulent factor of Bulkholderia pseudomallei / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the pathogenic role of melioidosin in pathogenicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei). Methods A synthetase gene associated with melioidosin synthesis in B. pseudomallei was inactivated by homologous recombination. Melioidosin producting ability and the virulent effects of the wild-type and mutant B. pseudomallei upon microorganisms (Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger spp., Streptococcus faecalis spp. and Staphyloccocus arreus spp.), C. elegans and BALB/c mice were compared. Results The mutant B. pseudomallei underwent notable morphology change, lost the ability to form bacterial membrane and the virulent effects to microorganisms, C. elegans and BALB/c mice. Conclusion It suggests that melioidosin is one of the main virulent factors of B. pseudomallei.

Depresión y ansiedad estado/rasgo en internosadscritos al Programa de Inducción al Tratamiento Penitenciario en Bucaramanga, Colombia / Depressão e ansiedade estado/traço em presos adscritos ao Programa de Indução para o Tratamento Penitenciário em Bucaramanga, Colômbia / Depression and anxiety, state/feature among inmates assigned to the “Induction to Treatment in Prison Program” in Bucaramanga, Colombia

El artículo describe las características de la depresión y la ansiedad estado/rasgo y su prevalencia en internos adscritos al “Programa de Inducción al Tratamiento Penitenciario” del Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario –INPEC– en Bucaramanga, Colombia. La muestra comprendió 112 internos con un promedio de edad de 33 años, a quienes se les aplicó el Inventario de Depresión Estado Rasgo (IDER) y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado Rasgo (STAI). Los resultados indican que un 43,1% realizó su primera transgresión a la norma entre los 8 y 18 años, y un 74,1% presentó consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, mientras los registros de manifestaciones depresivas revelan que el 16,7% la califi có como estado y un 43,68% como rasgo. Por su parte, la afectación ansiosa se mostró en un 8,03% como estado y en un 85,7% como rasgo.De acuerdo con esto, hubo mayor proporción de personas con experiencias previas que desarrollaron cuadros sintomatológicos, que aquellas en las que la situación de encarcelamiento constituye un causante o detonante.

This article describes the characteristic manifestations of the depression and anxiety state/feature, and their prevalence among inmates assigned to the “Programa de Inducción al Tratamiento Penitenciario” (Induction to the Treatment in Prison Program) of the INPEC, the National Penitentiary and Prison Institute at Bucaramanga, Colombia.The sample included 112 inmates with an average age of 33 years to whom the Depression State/Feature Inventory (known as IDER in Colombia) and the Anxiety State/Feature Inventory (known as STAI in Colombia) were applied. The results show that 43.1% of the inmates committed their first off ense between 8 and 18 years of age, and 74.1% had used psychoactive substances, while the records of depressive manifestations reveal that 16.7% rated them as a state, and 43.68% as a feature. On the other hand, in 8.03% of the cases, anxiety was shown as a state, and in 85.7% as a feature. According to this, the ratio of individuals with previous experiences having developed a symptomatology was higher than those where the imprisonment situation is a cause or a triggering factor.

O artigo descreve as características da depressão e a ansiedade estado/traço e sua prevalência em presos adscritos ao “Programa de Indução para o Tratamento Penitenciário” do Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario -INPEC em Bucaramanga, Colômbia. A amostra incluiu 112 presos com idade média de 33 anos, que receberam o Inventário de Depressão Estado Rasgo (IDER) e o Inventário de Ansiedade Estado Rasgo (STAI). Os resultados indicam que 43,1% realizou sua primeira transgressão à norma entre 8 e 18 anos de idade, e um 74,1% apresentou consumo de substâncias psicoativas, enquanto os registros das manifestações depressivas revelam que 16,7% atribuíram como estado e 43,68% como rasgo. Por outro lado, a afetação ansiosa mostrou 8,03% como estado e 85,7% como rasgo. De acordo com isso, houve maior proporção de pessoas com experiências anteriores, que desenvolveram os quadros sintomatológicos, do que aqueles em que a situação de detenção constitui uma causa ou um detonante.

Search for cytotoxic agents in multiple Laurencia complex seaweed species (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) harvested from the Atlantic Ocean with emphasis on the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo

The development of new anti-cancer drugs of algal origin represents one of the least explored frontiers in medicinal chemistry. In this regard, the diversity of micro- and macroalgae found in Brazilian coastal waters can be viewed as a largely untapped natural resource. In this report, we describe a comparative study on the cytotoxic properties of extracts obtained from the Laurencia complex: Laurencia aldingensis, L. catarinensis, L. dendroidea, L. intricata, L. translucida, L. sp, and Palisada flagellifera. All of these species were collected in the coastal waters of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Four out of the twelve samples initially investigated were found to show significant levels of toxicity towards a model tumor cell line (human uterine sarcoma, MES-SA). The highest levels of cytotoxicity were typically associated with non-polar (hexane) algal extracts, while the lowest levels of cytotoxicity were found with the corresponding polar (methanol) extracts. In this report, we also describe a biological model currently in development that will not only facilitate the search for new anti-cancer drug candidates of algal origin, but also permit the identification of compounds capable of inducing the destruction of multi-drug resistant tumors with greater efficiency than the pharmaceuticals currently in clinical use.

Anticonvulsant activity of bacopa monniera in rodents / Anticonvulsivante atividade de bacopa monniera em roedores

Bacopa monnieri (L), belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family and commonly known as Brahmi, is well known in India for its CNS activity but its neuropharmacological effect has not yet been explored. In the present study, the antiepileptic effects of the plant were investigated. The ethanolic extract of Bacopa monniera was tested for anticonvulsant activity in albino rats, using different convulsive models. The ethanolic extract of leaves produced significant anticonvulsant activity for all the different models studied. The present study shows a probable mechanism of action similar to that of benzodiazepines (GABA agonist). Thus, these results emphasize the need to diversify by using alternative therapeutic approaches pertaining to herbal medicine, where a single easily available plant may provide solutions to several therapeutic challenges, as observed in the anticonvulsant action of ethanolic extract of B. monniera.

Bacopa monniera, da família Scrophulariaceae, e comumente denominada Brahmi, é bem conhecida na Índia por sua atividade no Sistema Nervoso Central, mas seu efeito neurofarmacológico não foi, ainda, explorado. No presente estudo, investigaram-se os efeitos antiepilépticos da planta. O extrato etanólico da Bacopa monniera foi testado quanto à atividade anticonvulsivante em ratos albinos, utilizando-se diferentes modelos de convulsão. O extrato etanólico das folhas produziu atividade anticonvulsivante significativa para todos os diferentes modelos estudados. O presente estudo mostra provável mecanismo de ação semelhante ao dos benzodiazepínicos (agonista do GABA). Assim sendo, esses resultados enfatizam a necessidade de diversificar, utilizando-se abordagens terapêuticas alternativas da medicina natural, em que uma planta facilmente disponível pode fornecer soluções para vários desafios terapêuticos, como o observado na ação anticonvulsivante do extrato etanólico de Bacopa monniera.

La comunicación e información en los servicios de bioanálisis: una perspectiva desde los sistemas dinámicos / The communication and information in the services of bioanálisis: a perspective from the dynamic systems

El presente artículo intenta abordar ideas fundamentales en los procesos de comunicación e información en los servicios de salud visto desde las concepciones de una organización dinámica que responde a los criterios de un sis tema vivo; desarrollándose eventos de interdependencia, autoorganización y/o autopoiético como sistemas dinámicos alejados del equilibrio termodinámico, en donde los procesos de comunicación e información se gestionan co mo me mes o genes de replicación de forma tal que la comunicación e información sea confiable, completa y oportuna.

The present article tries to approach fundamental ideas in the processes of communication and information the services of health seen from the conceptions of an organization who responds to the criteria of an alive system; being developed events of interdependence, auto-organization or autopoético like moved away dynamic systems of the thermodynamic balance, in where the communication processes information I know manage like memes or replication genes so that the communication and information is reliable, complete and opportune.

Efeito do mês dentro da estação da monta sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco diluído / Effect of month within the breeding season upon fertility of mares inseminated with diluted fresh semen

Noventa e quatro ciclos, de cinqüenta e nove éguas foram analisados com objetivo de estudar o efeito do mês de ovulação sobre fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco diluído. As éguas foram rufiadas e inseminadas às segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras, a partir de um folículo de 3,0 a 3,5 cm de diâmetro, com sêmen de apenas um garanhão de fertilidade comprovada, diluído para um volume inseminante de 10 ml com diluidor de mínima contaminação. Os ciclos foram agrupados de acordo com o mês de ovulação (novembro,dezembro, janeiro, fevereiro/março). As taxas de concepção, ao primeiro ciclo, para os grupos novembro, dezembro, janeiro, fevereiro/março foram de 61,11% (11/18); 84,21% (16/19);55,56% (5/9); 53,85% (7/13), respectivamente, sem que houvesse diferenças entre estas (P>0,05). Após quatro ciclos, as taxas de concepção foram de 61,11% (11/18); 70,37% (19/27); 50,00% (8/16); 42,42% (14/33), respectivamente, na mesma ordem anterior (P>0,05). Entretanto, foi observada uma menor eficiência de prenhez no mês fevereiro/março. Conclui-se então que o mês de março foi o responsável pela menor fertilidade das éguas.

Down-regulation of Expression of TGF-?Receptors and SMADs mRNA in Psoriatic Lesional Skin / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objectives To investigate the expression of TGF-?receptors and signaling protein SMADs mRNA in psoriatic lesional and nonlesional skin,and to analyze their role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods Expression of TGF-?receptorⅠ,TGF-?receptorⅡmRNA and different SMADs(SMAD2,3,4,6,7)mRNA was investigated by real time PCR method in lesional and nonlesional skin of13psoriatic patients and10normal controls.Results The mRNA expression of TGF-?receptors and all kinds of SMADs was significantly down-regulated in psoriatic lesional skin compared with normal skin con-trols(P0.05).Conclusions There is down-regulated TGF-?pathway in psoriatic lesional skin,which may further indicate that lack of TGF-?mediated growth inhibition might play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.