Mechanism of miRNA-related Signaling Pathway Against Diabetic Nephropathy and Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic nephropathy （DN）， as one of the common chronic microvascular complications of diabetes， has become the main cause of renal failure in end-stage renal disease in China， increasing the risks of renal dialysis and kidney transplantation in diabetes patients. It is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. The latest research on DN has focused on the gene level. microRNAs （miRNAs） are a family of endogenous accessible short-chain non-coding RNA molecules. By acting on a particular target， they activate or inhibit its mediated signaling pathways and related molecules， playing an important role in the occurrence and development of DN. They have become microeconomic factors for the prevention and treatment of DN. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in the diagnosis and treatment of DN and has unique advantages such as significant curative effect and few side effects. A large number of studies have proved that TCM can target miRNA to affect multiple signaling pathways， participate in the regulation of inflammatory response， pyroptosis， mesenchymal transdifferentiation， and other pathological changes， and delay the further development of DN. Therefore， this study discusses the biogenesis mechanism of miRNA and its action mechanism in disease-related signaling pathways based on TCM diagnosis and treatment approaches from the perspective of miRNA， and summarizes the effect of TCM targeting miRNA on the disease-related signaling pathways and on DN. Thus， this study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for exploring the progress of TCM intervention in DN from the perspective of genes.

Anti-inflammation effect of moxibustion for rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome based on multiple miRNAs regulating NF-κB signal pathway / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of moxibustion on the regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inflammatory factors by multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), and to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion on IBS-D.@*METHODS@#Twelve of 52 newborn rats were randomly selected into a normal group. The remaining rats were made into IBS-D model. A total of 36 rats with successful model were randomly divided into a model group, a medication group and a moxibustion group, 12 rats in each group. The rats in the medication group were intraperitoneally injected with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The rats in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion at "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST 37) for 20 min each time. All the intervention was given once a day for 7 days. Before and after modeling as well as after intervention, the body mass, loose stool rate and the minimum volume threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) were measured. After intervention, the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 were detected by ELISA method; the morphology of colon tissues was observed by HE staining, and the expressions of miR-155, miR-125b, miR-29b, miR-31, miR-18a and NF-κB p65 mRNA in colon tissues were detected by real-time PCR. The expressions of NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 protein in colon tissues were detected by immunofluorescence.@*RESULTS@#After modeling, the body mass and the minimum volume threshold of AWR in the model group were lower than those in the normal group (P<0.01); the rates of loose stool in the model group were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01); after intervention, in the model group, the inflammatory infiltration of colon tissues was obvious, and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-8 were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05); the expression of miR-155, miR-125b, miR-29b, miR-31, miR-18a and NF-κB p65 mRNA in colon tissues was higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05); the protein expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 was also higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01). After intervention, the body mass and the minimum volume threshold of AWR in the medication group and the moxibustion group were both higher than those in the model group (P<0.05); the loose stool rate in the medication group and the moxibustion group were lower than those in model group (P<0.05); the inflammatory cells infiltration in the colon tissues was less, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 as well as the protein expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 in the colon tissues in the medication group and the moxibustion group were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of miR-125b, miR-31, miR-18a and NF-κB p65 mRNA in the medication group were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). The expression of miR-155, miR-125b, miR-29b, miR-31, miR-18a and NF-κB p65 mRNA in the moxibustion group were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). The miR-155, miR-125b, miR-29b, miR-31, miR-18a were positively correlated with NF-κB p65 mRNA (0<r<1, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion at "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST 37) for IBS-D rats may be related to regulating multiple miRNAs to inhibit NF-κB signal pathway and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors.

Comparison between Let-7a and U6 as an internal reference for RT-qPCR of miRNAs in rat cartilage / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate the stability of U6 and let-7a as internal reference genes of miRNAs in RTqPCR by using femoral head samples of cartilage tissue from inbred DA rats.Methods Total RNA was extracted from femoral head cartilage tissues of female DA rats at three different time points,i.e.at birth (D0),ablactation (D21) and maturation (D42).The expressions of different miRNAs (miR-1,-25,-26a,-140,-146a,-150,-181a,-195,-223 and-337) were detected by RT-qPCR using U6 or let-7a as the internal reference.The two sets of miR expression were compared with the results from Solexa sequencing in our pioneer work to evaluate the stability of the two internal references.Results The relative values of U6 (P =0.045) and let-7a (P =0.021 5) revealed significant difference in the D42 sample.Both in U6 and let-7a systems,miR-26a,-140,-223,and-337 showed a similar tendency in expression and quantification but miR-1 and-146a did not have significant differences.miR-25,-150,-181a and-195 differed significantly (P＜0.05).Comparison of absolute quantification results between the two generations' sequencing showed that let-7a is more stable than U6.Conclusion Let-7a is more suitable to be used as the internal reference gene in RT-qPCR for miRNAs in cartilage tissue.

Research progress of microRNA-29 in tumors / 中国肿瘤临床

MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important gene regulatory molecule involved in the occurrence of a variety of diseases and is relat-ed to tumors. MicroRNA has become a new direction of oncology research in recent years. Studies showed that miR-29 plays dual roles, as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. The expression of miR-29 significantly differs between cancer and normal tissues. miR-29 is predicted to be a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of certain cancer. This paper reviews the role of miR-29 in the pathogenesis of cancer.