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SUMMARY: We evaluated the role and mechanism of acteoside in the regulation of memory impairment induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CUMS was used to induce depression in rats and the successful establishment of CUMS model were verified by forced swimming test and sucrose preference test. The Y-maze test and novel object recognition test assessed memory functions. The structural changes in the cortex and hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting determined the protein levels. Y-maze test and novel object recognition test showed that there was memory performance impairment in rats of CUMS group, which was improved by the acteoside treatment. HE staining showed that CUMS exposure damaged the structure in the cortex and hippocampus, while the acteoside treatment alleviated the structural changes. Compared with the control group, the levels of BNDF and CREB in the cortex and hippocampus of the CUMS group were significantly decreased. Acteoside significantly reversed the expressions of these proteins in CUMS rats. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the levels of p-mTOR and p- P70S6K in the cortex and hippocampus of the CUMS group were significantly increased, and these changes were significantly reversed by acteoside. Nevertheless, the effect of acteoside on mTOR signaling was markedly blocked by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR signaling. Acteoside can attenuate memory impairment and ameliorate neuronal damage and synaptic plasticity in depression rats probably via inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. Acteoside may serve as a novel reagent for the prevention of depression.
Evaluamos el papel y el mecanismo del acteoside en la regulación del deterioro de la memoria inducido por estrés leve crónico impredecible (ELCI). Se utilizó ELCI para inducir depresión en ratas y el establecimiento exitoso del modelo ELCI se verificó mediante una prueba de natación forzada y una prueba de preferencia de sacarosa. La prueba del laberinto en Y y la prueba de reconocimiento de objetos novedosos evaluaron las funciones de la memoria. Los cambios estructurales en la corteza y el hipocampo se observaron mediante tinción con hematoxilina y eosina (HE). La tinción por inmunofluorescencia y la transferencia Western determinaron los niveles de proteína. La prueba del laberinto en Y y la prueba de reconocimiento de objetos novedosos mostraron que había un deterioro del rendimiento de la memoria en ratas del grupo ELCI, que mejoró con el tratamiento con acteósidos. La tinción con HE mostró que la exposición a ELCI dañó la estructura de la corteza y el hipocampo, mientras que el tratamiento con actósidos alivió los cambios estructurales. En comparación con el grupo de control, los niveles de BNDF y CREB en la corteza y el hipocampo del grupo ELCI disminuyeron significativamente. Acteoside revirtió significativamente las expresiones de estas proteínas en ratas ELCI. Mientras tanto, en comparación con el grupo control, los niveles de p-mTOR y p-P70S6K en la corteza y el hipocampo del grupo ELCI aumentaron significativamente, y estos cambios fueron revertidos significativamente ELCI por el acteoside. Sin embargo, el efecto del acteoside sobre la señalización de mTOR fue notablemente bloqueado por la rapamicina, un inhibidor específico de la señalización de mTOR. El acteoside puede atenuar el deterioro de la memoria y mejorar el daño neuronal y la plasticidad sináptica en ratas con depresión, probablemente mediante la inhibición de la vía de señalización mTOR. Acteoside puede servir como un reactivo novedoso para la prevención de la depresión.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Baihuan Xiaoyao Decoction （Xiaoyaosan added with Lilii Bulbus and Albiziae Cortex） in alleviating depression-like behaviors of juvenile rats by regulating the polarization of microglia. MethodSixty juvenile SD rats were randomized into normal control， model， fluoxetine， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （5.36， 10.71， 21.42 g·kg-1， respectively） Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction groups. The rat model of juvenile depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. The sucrose preference test （SPT） was carried out to examine the sucrose preference of rats. Forced swimming test （FST） was carried out to measure the immobility time of rats. The open field test （OFT） was conducted to measure the total distance， the central distance， the number of horizontal crossings， and the frequency of rearing. Morris water maze （MWM） was used to measure the escape latency and the number of crossing the platform. The immunofluorescence assay was employed to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS， the polarization marker of M1 microglia） and CD206 （the polarization marker of M2 microglia）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the mRNA levels of iNOS， CD206， pro-inflammatory cytokines ［tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-6］ and anti-inflammatory cytokines （IL-4 and IL-10） in the hippocampus. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of iNOS and CD206 in the hippocampus. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in the hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultCompared with the normal control group， the model rats showed a reduction in sucrose preference （P<0.05）， an increase in immobility time （P<0.05）， decreased motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and weakened learning and spatial memory （P<0.05）. In addition， the model rats showed up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction increased the sucrose preference value （P<0.05）， shortened the immobility time （P<0.01）， increased the motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and improved the learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the decoction down-regulated the positive expression and protein level of iNOS， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， promoted the positive expression of CD206， and elevated the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.01） in the hippocampus of the high dose group. Moreover， the high-dose Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction group had higher sucrose preference value （P<0.01）， shorter immobility time （P<0.01）， longer central distance （P<0.01）， stronger learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）， higher positive expression and protein level of iNOS （P<0.01）， lower levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lower positive expression and mRNA level of iNOS （P<0.05）， and higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.05， P<0.01） than the fluoxetine group. ConclusionBaihuan Xiaoyao decoction can improve the depression-like behavior of juvenile rats by inhibiting the M1 polarization and promoting the M2 polarization of microglia in the hippocampus.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant effect and potential mechanism of icariside Ⅱ （ICSⅡ） based on the GABAergic nervous system. METHODS The male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a control group （group C， 10 mice） and a modeling group （50 mice）. The depression model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） method in the modeling group. After 21 days of stimulation， the rats of modeling group were randomly divided into depression model group （NS group）， positive control group [ECS group， oxalate escitalopram 15 mg/（kg·d）] and ICSⅡ low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [ICSⅡ-L group， ICSⅡ-M group， ICSⅡ-H group； ICSⅡ 10， 20， 30 mg/（kg·d）]， with 10 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. The sugar water preference rate， total exercise distance， immobility time in tail suspension and forced swimming experiments were detected in each group. The morphology of neurons and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region were observed； the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and glutamic acid （Glu）， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins （GABA A receptor α1， GABA B receptor 1， vesicular GABA transporter， glutamate decarboxylase 67， GABA membranal transporter 3） were detected in hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with group C， the sugar water preference rate and the total exercise distance significantly reduced in NS group， while the values of immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly prolonged （P＜0.05）. The morphology of neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus was irregular and the Nissl bodies were reduced， with a significant decrease in the number of structurally intact neurons （P＜0.05）； the content of Glu was significantly increased， while the content of GABA， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with NS group， depression behavior in each administration group was improved， and the above indexes were mostly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ICSⅡ can improve depression behavior of depression model mice. The mechanisms may be associated with regulating the balance of GABA and Glu， increasing the synthesis， transport and release of GABA， and regulating the expressions of GABA-related receptors， so as to improve GABAergic nervous system.
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Aim To predict the mechanism of Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsules (FCYC) in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by network pharmacology method, and further validate it in combination with cellular experiments. Methods TCMSP, Gene-Cards, OMIM and TTD databases, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related literature were used to screen the active ingredients of FCYC and the targets of MCI treatment. The TCM-compound-target-disease network and PPI of intersection targets were constructed, and the GO and KEGG analysis were performed by the Ehamb bioinformation platform. GO and KEGG analysis were performed through Yihanbo biological information platform. Cell model of MCI was established by PC-12 injury induced by Aβ
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Background With the aging of China's population, cognitive impairment in the elderly is receiving increasing public attention. Screening and intervention of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are of great significance to prevent and reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment. Objective To understand the prevalence and explore potential influencing factors of MCI in the elderly in Songjiang District, Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for promoting early screening of cognitive impairment and precise intervention of MCI in the elderly in this area. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. From August to October 2022, using multi-stage random sampling, 1800 elderly residents aged 60 years and above were screened for cognitive impairment in 6 neighborhood/village committees in 6 towns in Songjiang District. The survey questionnaires included a sociodemographic questionnaire, a health status and lifestyle questionnaire, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Prevalence rates of MCI among the elderly by selected social demographic characteristics, health status, and lifestyle were estimated, and potential influencing factors of MCI were evaluated by binary logistic regression. Results A total of 209 elderly residents with MCI and 1591 healthy elderly residents were detected, and the prevalence of MCI in the elderly aged 60 and above was 11.6% in Songjiang District. Being physically active (OR=0.556, 95%CI: 0.399, 0.774) reduced the risk of MCI. Illiteracy (OR=1.810, 95%CI: 1.239, 2.644), primary school education level (OR=3.454, 95%CI: 2.342, 5.092), non-participation in social activities (OR=1.945, 95%CI: 1.360, 2.781), IADL damaged (OR=3.173, 95%CI: 2.137, 4.712), and depression (OR=1.957, 95%CI: 1.112, 3.443) increased the risk of MCI (P＜0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of MCI among the elderly in Songjiang District is lower than the national average. Educational level, physical activity, participation in social activities, IADL, and depression may be the influencing factors of MCI in the elderly. It is recommended to carry out early screening, early detection, and early intervention for cognitive impairment in the elderly. Improving involvement in physical exercise and increasing participation in social activities are encouraged. Special attention should be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups such as low education level and disabled elderly during a community MCI intervention program.
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The mild-natured and bitter-flavored traditional Chinese medicines (MB-TCMs) are an important class of TCMs that have been widely used in clinical practice and recognized as safe long-term treatments for chronic diseases. However, as an important class of TCMs, the panorama of pharmacological effects and the mechanisms of MB-TCMs have not been systemically reviewed. Compelling studies have shown that gut microbiota can mediate the therapeutic activity of TCMs and help to elucidate the core principles of TCM medicinal theory. In this systematic review, we found that MB-TCMs commonly participated in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, intestinal inflammation, nervous system disease and cardiovascular system disease in association with promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia as well as inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria Helicobacter, Enterococcus, Desulfovibrio and Escherichia-Shigella. These alterations, correspondingly, enhance the generation of protective metabolites, mainly including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acid (BAs), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), indole and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and inhibit the generation of harmful metabolites, such as proinflammatory factors trimethylamine oxide (TAMO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to further exert multiplicative effects for the maintenance of human health through several different signaling pathways. Altogether, this present review has attempted to comprehensively summarize the relationship between MB-TCMs and gut microbiota by establishing the TCMs-gut microbiota-metabolite-signaling pathway-diseases axis, which may provide new insight into the study of TCM medicinal theories and their clinical applications.
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Introducción: La detección temprana del deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores permite disminuir la incertidumbre y mejorar las tareas de intervención. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características psicométricas de un protocolo de cribado online para detectar tempranamente deterioro leve en personas mayores. Método: el método usado fue de tipo mixta con preguntas de tipo cuantitativas y cualitativas. La muestra fue de 75 personas mayores del gran Concepción, región del Bio-Bio. El protocolo estaba compuesto por: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Test del Reloj Versión Cacho, Moca, Escala Depresión Yesavage y Test Acentuación de Palabras. El procedimiento consistió en la aplicación del protocolo a través de un Tablet o Laptop, videollamadas. Resultados: Se encontró que el protocolo presenta validez discriminante y convergente. Conclusiones: se concluye que el protocolo de cribado online para detectar tempranamente deterioro leve en personas mayores es válido y fiable. Se discute el uso y la aplicación de un protocolo cribado usando la Teleneuropsicología (TeleNP), en personas mayores
ABTRACT Introduction: Early detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly allows us to reduce uncertainty and improve intervention tasks. The objective of this research was to determine the psychometric characteristics of an online screening protocol for early detection of mild impairment in the elderly. Method: the method used was of a mixed type with quantitative and qualitative questions. The sample consisted of 75 older people from the greater Concepción, Bio-Bio region. The protocol consisted of: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Cacho Version Clock Test, Mocha, Yesavage Depression Scale and Word Stress Test. The procedure consisted of the application of the protocol through a Tablet or Laptop, video calls. Results: It was found that the protocol presents discriminant and convergent validity. Conclusions: it is concluded that the online screening protocol for early detection of mild deterioration in the elderly is valid and reliable. The use and application of a screening protocol using Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) in older people is discussed.
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Introducción: En la medida que se incrementa la población de adultos mayores, aumenta la prevalencia, aumenta la prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo. Recientemente, se ha introducido la mala salud oral entre los factores de riesgo potenciales. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la salud oral y el deterioro cognitivo leve en adultos mayores de una comunidad de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, de tipo casos y controles en el período comprendido entre enero y julio del año 2023. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 257 adultos mayores que vivían en esta comunidad, de los cuales se escogieron 40 casos con diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo leve, según los criterios de Petersen. Se seleccionaron tres controles por cada caso, 120 adultos mayores con aproximadamente las mismas características que el caso. Se precisó la fuerza de asociación de cada factor de riesgo. Resultados: Se halló una asociación significativa entre padecer deterioro cognitivo leve y presentar un número de 1 a 9 dientes. El dolor oral se presentó con mayor frecuencia en el 72,5 por ciento de los casos. No recordar la última visita al estomatólogo fue causa de deterioro cognitivo leve en el 42,5 por ciento. Cepillarse irregularmente se asoció 4,1 veces más con el riesgo de desarrollar esta afección. Conclusiones : Existe una asociación entre la salud oral y el deterioro cognitivo leve en los adultos mayores. Tener menos dientes y referir dolor oral fueron factores de riesgo importantes para presentar deterioro cognitivo. La visita al estomatólogo y el cepillado de dientes irregular influyeron negativamente en la enfermedad. Sin embargo, el uso de prótesis dentales fue un factor protector para el deterioro cognitivo leve(AU)
Introduction: Along with the increase in the population of older adults, the prevalence of cognitive impairment is increasing. Recently, poor oral health has been introduced among potential risk factors. Objective: To determine the association between oral health and mild cognitive impairment in older adults in a community in the province of Santiago de Cuba. Methods: An observational, analytical and retrospective case-control study was carried out from January to July 2023. The study population consisted of 257 older adults living in this community, from which 40 cases were selected with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, according to Petersen's criteria. Three controls were selected for each case, 120 older adults with approximately the same characteristics as the case. The strength of association of each risk factor was determined. Results: A significant association was found between having mild cognitive impairment and having 1 to 9 teeth. Oral pain was more frequent in 72.5 percent of the cases. Not remembering the last visit to the dentist was a cause of mild cognitive impairment in 42.5 percent. Irregular brushing was 4.1 times more associated with the risk of developing this condition. Conclusions: There is an association between oral health and mild cognitive impairment in older adults. Having fewer teeth and reporting oral pain were important risk factors for cognitive impairment. Visiting the dentist and irregular tooth brushing had a negative influence on the disease. However, the use of dental prosthetics was a protective factor for mild cognitive impairment(AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Santé buccodentaire , Études rétrospectives , Études observationnelles comme sujetRésumé
RESUMEN Introducción. El estatus cognitivo es considerado un biomarcador del daño vascular encefálico en la hipertensión arterial (HTA). Es fundamental en pacientes con HTA la pesquisa del deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL). Objetivos . Valorar la presencia de factores predictores de DCL en pacientes hipertensos. Material y métodos . Estudio observacional, transversal, en el periodo 2015-2023. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, asistidos en policlínica que hubieran realizado la Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal (MoCA). Se consideró valor de MoCA alterado uno < 24. Se excluyeron pacientes con dificultades motoras, sensoriales, enfermedad psiquiátrica, analfabetismo. Las variables cualitativas se presentan como frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y para el estudio de asociación se utilizó test de Chi cuadrado. Las variables cuantitativas se presentan como media y desviación estándar, y el estudio de diferencias se realizó con test T de Student para muestras independientes. En el análisis de regresión logística múltiple se colocaron aquellas variables significativas en el análisis univariado por el método Forward. Nivel de significación alfa = 0,05. Resultados . 129 pacientes, mujeres: hombres 2:1; edad promedio 60 años. El 79,1 % tenía HTA grado 3, 30,4 % presentaban más de 20 años de evolución de HTA. El 52,7% tenía escolarización primaria. Un 89,4 % presentaba sobrepeso-obesidad, el 36,4 % tabaquismo, 29,7 % dislipidemia mixta. Un 65,1% presentó un valor de MoCA ≥ 24 y el 34,9 % un valor < 24. En el modelo predictor logístico, las variables evolución en años de HTA, dislipidemia mixta, y enfermedad cerebrovascular fueron predictoras de riesgo de MoCA alterado. El nivel educativo terciario fue factor protector. Conclusión . La identificación de factores predictores de daño cognitivo es prioritaria para una acción preventiva. En este estudio las variables tiempo de evolución de la HTA, dislipidemia mixta, enfermedad cerebrovascular y nivel educativo permitieron predecir mayor riesgo de DCL.
ABSTRACT Background . Cognitive status is considered a biomarker of vascular brain damage caused by hypertension (HTN). Screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential in patients with HTN. Objectives . The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of predictors of MCI in hypertensive patients. Methods . We conducted an observational and cross-sectional study between 2015 and 2023. All the patients > 18 years treated in a clinic and who were evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were included. A score < 24 in the MoCA test was considered abnormal. Patients with motor or sensory impairment, psychiatric disorders, or illiteracy were excluded. Qualitative variables are presented as absolute frequencies and percentages, and the chi-square test was used to analyze their association. Quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were compared with the independent samples t-test. All the variables with statistical significance in the univariate analysis through forward selection were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results . A total of 129 patients were included (women-to-men ratio 2:1; mean age 60 years); 79.1% had stage 3 HTN, time from HTN diagnosis was > 20 years in 30.4%, 52.7% had complete primary education, 89.4% had overweight/obesity, 36.4% were smokers and 29.7% had mixed dyslipidemia. A score ≥ 24 in the MoCA was present in 65.1% and 34.9% had a score < 24. The logistic predictor model identified time from HTN diagnosis, mixed dyslipidemia and cerebrovascular disease as predictors of abnormal MoCA. A tertiary educational level had a protective effect. Conclusion . Identifying predictors of cognitive impairment is a priority to take preventive actions. In this study, time from HTN diagnosis, mixed dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular disease and educational level were associated with cognitive impairment.
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RESUMEN La fragmentación del sueño puede asociarse con distintas enfermedades, entre ellas, la demencia. En este sentido, la fragmentación de sueño, indicada por el índice de alertamientos y/o movimientos periódicos de las piernas (MPP), podría ser un marcador temprano de deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL), un síndrome precursor de la demencia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue medir el índice de prevalencia de los alertamientos y de los MPP durante el sueño en un grupo control y un grupo con DCL, así como determinar si hay diferencia entre los grupos en ambos índices y establecer si existe una correlación entre los dos fenómenos. En 9 participantes (3 mujeres controles y 3 mujeres con DCL; y 3 hombres con DCL) (edad: 69.1 ± 5; años de educación: 8 ± 2) se registró una noche de polisomnografía. Se obtuvieron los índices por hora de alertamientos y para cada etapa de sueño, así como los MPP globales y por hora; además se realizaron análisis entre y dentro de cada grupo. Se encontró una correlación positiva y un mayor número de MPP que de alertamientos durante toda la noche en los participantes con DCL. Conocer la prevalencia y asociación de ambos fenómenos contribuye en la formulación de una evaluación más cuidadosa y profunda de los adultos mayores en riesgo de desarrollar DCL y/o demencia.
ABSTRACT Sleep fragmentation may be associated with several diseases, including dementia. In this sense, sleep fragmentation, indicated by the rates of arousals and/or periodic leg movements (PLM), could be an early marker of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a syndromic stage prior to dementia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the index of PLM with that of arousals and correlate both indexes in people with MCI and without MCI during all sleep stages. In 9 participants (3 control women and 3 women with MCI; and 3 men with MCI) (ages: 69.1 ± 5; years of education: 8 ± 2), one night of polysomnography was performed. Hourly rates of arousals and PLM were scored from each sleep stage. Analyses were performed within and between PLM and arousals for each group. Significant differences and a positive correlation were found between the arousal and the PLM rates for the group with MCI during the whole night. Knowledge of the prevalence and the association of both phenomena may contribute to a more careful and thorough evaluation of older adults at risk of developing MCI and/or dementia.
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La discapacidad intelectual leve provoca un lento aprendizaje de las habilidades motrices, en particular de la coordinación, y se considera que esta problemática precisa de atención. En las clases de Educación Física se observó que los educandos con discapacidad intelectual leve presentaron alteraciones en las capacidades coordinativas motoras, posturales, sensoriales y en las conductas de adaptación a los diferentes contextos como la casa, la institución educativa y la comunidad; por lo que se planteó como objetivo desarrollar la coordinación en los educandos de siete a ocho años, mediante juegos motrices en las clases de Educación Física. El estudio que se presenta, se sustentó en la complementariedad metodológica al combinarse los enfoques cualitativo y cuantitativo; se emplearon métodos teóricos como el analítico-sintético, el sistémico-estructural-funcional, el histórico-lógico y el inductivo-deductivo y métodos empíricos como la observación, la entrevista, la encuesta y el experimento. Como resultado, se realizó la sistematización teórica, el diagnóstico y la propuesta de juegos motrices acorde con la edad y la discapacidad intelectual leve que se manifiesta en el desarrollo de la conducta motriz y en las relaciones de actuación de los educandos. De manera general, se constató una mejor coordinación y desarrollo de las habilidades para realizar los diferentes ejercicios y juegos motrices en las clases de Educación Física.
A deficiência intelectual leve causa uma aprendizagem lenta das habilidades motoras, particularmente da coordenação, e considera-se que esse problema precisa de atenção. Nas aulas de Educação Física, observou-se que os alunos com deficiência intelectual leve apresentavam alterações nas habilidades de coordenação motora, postural e sensorial e no comportamento de adaptação a diferentes contextos, como a casa, a instituição de ensino e a comunidade; portanto, o objetivo foi desenvolver a coordenação em alunos de sete a oito anos de idade, por meio de jogos motores nas aulas de Educação Física. O estudo aqui apresentado baseou-se na complementaridade metodológica, combinando abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas; foram utilizados métodos teóricos como o analítico-sintético, o sistêmico-estrutural-funcional, o histórico-lógico e o indutivo-dedutivo, bem como métodos empíricos como observação, entrevista, pesquisa e experimento. Como resultado, foram realizados a sistematização teórica, o diagnóstico e a proposta de jogos motores de acordo com a idade e a deficiência intelectual leve que se manifesta no desenvolvimento do comportamento motor e nas relações de desempenho dos alunos. Em geral, observou-se uma melhor coordenação e desenvolvimento de habilidades para realizar os diferentes exercícios e jogos motores nas aulas de Educação Física.
Mild intellectual disability causes slow learning of motor skills, particularly coordination, and this problem is considered to require attention. In Physical Education classes, it was observed that students with mild intellectual disabilities presented alterations in motor, postural, sensory coordinative capacities and in adaptation behaviors to different contexts such as home, the educational institution and the community; for this reason, the objective was to develop coordination in students from seven to eight years of age, through motor games in Physical Education classes. The study presented was based on methodological complementarity by combining the qualitative and quantitative approaches; theoretical methods such as the analytical-synthetic, the systemic-structural-functional, the historical-logical and the inductive-deductive and empirical methods such as observation, interview, survey and experiment were used. As a result, the theoretical systematization, the diagnosis and the proposal of motor games according to age and mild intellectual disability that manifests itself in the development of motor behavior and in the relations of action of the students were carried out. In general, there was a better coordination and development of skills to perform the different exercises and motor games in Physical Education classes.
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Resumen Introducción: Aún es controversial si la deficiencia de vitamina B12 se asocia a alteraciones cognitivas. Objetivo: Conocer la asociación entre los niveles séricos de vitamina B12 y el desempeño cognitivo. Métodos: Se incluyeron 241 personas ≥ 60 años con medición de niveles séricos de vitamina B12. Se realizó evaluación física y cognitiva y se formaron tres grupos: cognición normal (CN), deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia. Los niveles de vitamina B12 se clasificaron en suficiencia (> 400 pg/mL), deficiencia subclínica (201-400 pg/mL) y deficiencia absoluta (≤ 200 pg/mL). Se realizó análisis de regresión lineal multivariado para evaluar la asociación entre función cognitiva y niveles de vitamina B12 después de controlar las variables confusoras. Resultados: La media de edad fue 81.4 ± 8.0 años; 68 % fue del sexo femenino; 17.8 y 39.8 % presentaron deficiencia absoluta y subclínica de vitamina B12; 80 individuos (33 %) cumplieron los criterios de DCL y 70 (29 %), de demencia. Después de ajustar por edad, sexo y escolaridad, los sujetos con DCL y demencia tuvieron niveles más bajos de vitamina B12 comparados con aquellos con CN (p = 0.019). Conclusiones: Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el desempeño cognitivo global y los niveles bajos de vitamina B12.
Abstract Introduction: Whether vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment remains controversial. Objective: To determine the association between vitamin B12 serum levels and cognitive performance. Methods: Two-hundred and forty-one adults aged ≥ 60 years who had serum vitamin B12 serum levels measurement were included. Physical and cognitive evaluation was carried out, and three groups were formed: normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Vitamin B12 levels were classified as sufficiency (> 400 pg/mL), subclinical deficiency (201-400 pg/mL), and absolute deficiency (≤ 200 pg/mL). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cognitive function and vitamin B12 levels after controlling for confounding variables. Results: Mean age was 81.4 ± 8.0 years; 68% were females; 17.8 % and 39.8% had absolute and subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency, respectively; 80 individuals (33%) met the criteria for MCI, and 70 (29%), for dementia. Those with MCI and dementia had lower vitamin B12 levels in comparison with those with NC after adjusting for age, gender and educational level (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was observed between global cognitive performance and levels of vitamin B12.
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Objectives: To re-evaluate a sample of older adults enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of lithium for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 11 to 15 years, re-assessing their current (or last available) global cognitive and functional state. Methods: We recalled all former participants of the Lithium-MCI trial conducted by our group between 2009 and 2012 to perform a single-blinded, cross-sectional evaluation of their global clinical state to compare the long-term outcome of those who received lithium vs. those who received placebo. Results: Of the original sample (n=61), we were able to reach 36 participants (59% of retention), of whom 22 had previously received lithium (61% of the recall sample) and 14 (39%) had received placebo. Since 30.5% of the recalled sample was deceased, psychometric data were collected only for 69.5% of the participants. We found statistically significant differences in current mean Mini Mental State Examination score according to previous treatment group (25.5 [SD, 5.3] vs. 18.3 [SD, 10.9], p = 0.04). The lithium group also had better performance in the phonemic Verbal Fluency Test than the control group (34.4 [SD, 14.4] vs. 11.6 [SD, 10.10], p < 0.001). Differences in these measures also had large effect sizes, as shown by Cohen's d values of 0.92 and 1.78, respectively. Conclusion: This data set suggests that older adults with amnestic MCI who had been treated with lithium during a previous randomized controlled trial had a better long-term global cognitive outcome than those from a matched sample who did not receive the intervention.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-utility of as-needed inhaled budesonide/formoterol versus budesonide maintenance therapy combined with as-needed inhaled terbutaline （hereinafter referred to as budesonide maintenance therapy） in patients with mild asthma from the perspective of the Chinese health service system. METHODS A Markov model of mild asthma was established based on an international multicenter randomized controlled clinical study （SYGMA 2 study）； the model cycle was one week， and the model had a whole horizon of 60 years. The cost only included direct medical cost， and utility value was derived from the data of EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level in the SYGMA 2 study and published literature. The total cost and total output of the above two inhalation therapies for patients with mild asthma were calculated， with discount rate of 5%. The stability of the model was evaluated by sensitivity analysis. RESULTS The total cost of as-needed inhaled budesonide/formoterol and budesonide maintenance therapy were 25 884 yuan and 45 822 yuan， respectively， and the effectiveness were 30.51 quality- adjusted life years （QALYs） and 30.50 QALYs， respectively. The former scheme was an absolute advantage. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that the price of drug （terbutaline and budesonide/formoterol） and average number of inhalations per day were the main influencing parameters， but they had little influence on the results of basic analysis. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of as-needed budesonide/formoterol being cost-effective was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Compared with budesonide maintenance therapy， as-needed inhalation of budesonide/formoterol in mild asthma patients is more cost-effective.
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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common disease that affects brain function in neonates. At present, mild hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are the main methods for the treatment of neonatal HIE; however, they are independent of each other and cannot be combined for synchronous treatment, without monitoring of brain function-related physiological information. In addition, parameter setting of hyperbaric oxygen chamber and mild hypothermia mattress relies on the experience of the medical practitioner, and the parameters remain unchanged throughout the medical process. This article proposes a new device for the treatment of neonatal HIE, which has the modules of hyperbaric oxygen chamber and mild hypothermic mattress, so that neonates can receive the treatment of hyperbaric oxygen chamber and/or mild hypothermic mattress based on their conditions. Meanwhile, it can realize the real-time monitoring of various physiological information, including amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and near-infrared spectrum, which can monitor brain function, heart rate, rhythm, myocardial blood supply, hemoglobin concentration in brain tissue, and blood oxygen saturation. In combination with an intelligent control algorithm, the device can intelligently regulate parameters according to the physiological information of neonates and give recommendations for subsequent treatment.
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Nouveau-né , Humains , Hypothermie provoquée/méthodes , Hypothermie/thérapie , Oxygénation hyperbare , Encéphale , Électroencéphalographie , Hypoxie-ischémie du cerveau/thérapieRésumé
To make up for the shortcomings of traditional mild moxibustion, according to the principle and technical operation characteristics of traditional mild moxibustion, combined with temperature control technology, a novel infrared mild moxibustion device is developed, which is capable of real-time accurate temperature control. This novel infrares mild moxibustion device is composed of a host computer and an infrared radiation head. The host computer includes four modules: power supply, human-computer interaction interface, micro control unit (MCU) and drive circuit. The infrared radiation head mainly includes an infrared heater and a temperature sensor. This novel infrared mild moxibustion device is easy to operate. The electrothermal heating tablet can generate infrared radiation of 3 000-13 000 nm. After the temperature of the infrared heater is stabilized, the range of temperature change is ±0.50 ℃, realizing the goal of precise temperature control. In addition, it can operate moxibustion treatment at multiple acupoints at the same time, which is conducive to the dose-effect evaluation of mild moxibustion.
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Humains , Moxibustion , Points d'acupuncture , Température , ChauffageRésumé
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of fire needling on prostate symptoms, quality of life, average daily number of nightly urination, urine flow rate and prostat volume in patients with mild to moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of kidney yang deficiency.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with mild to moderate BPH of kidney yang deficiency were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 4 cases dropped off). The observation group was treated with fire needling at Guanyuan (CV 4), Shuidao (ST 28) and Qugu (CV 2) twice a week (2-3 d interval between each treatment), continuous treatment for 4 weeks. The control group received lifestyle advice and education, once a week for 4 weeks. In the two groups, the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), the quality of life (QoL) score and the average daily number of nightly urination were observed before treatment, after treatment and during the follow-up of the 4th week; the urinary maximum flow rate (Qmax), the average flow rate (Qave), and the prostate volume were assessed before and after treatment in the two groups. The safety was observed in the observation group.@*RESULTS@#After treatment and during follow-up, the IPSS scores, QoL scores, and the average daily number of nightly urination in the observation group were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in Qmax, Qave and prostate volume between the two groups and within the each group (P>0.05). There were no fire needling-related adverse reactions, and no obvious abnormality was found in urine routine and coagulation function tests before and after treatment in the observation group.@*CONCLUSION@#Fire needling can improve lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life, reduce frequency of nightly urination in patients with mild to moderate BPH of kidney yang deficiency, and has good safety.
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Mâle , Humains , Hyperplasie de la prostate/thérapie , Qualité de vie , Déficit du Yang , Résultat thérapeutique , ReinRésumé
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic efficacy of governor vessel moxibustion combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule, simple fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule and placebo moxibustion combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule for mild to moderate depression with kidney-yang deficiency.@*METHODS@#A total of 126 patients with mild to moderate depression with kidney-yang deficiency were randomized into a governor vessel moxibustion group (42 cases, 2 cases dropped off), a western medication group (42 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a placebo moxibustion group (42 cases, 1 case dropped off). The western medication group was given fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule orally, 20 mg a time, once a day. On the basis of the treatment in the western medication group, governor vessel moxibustion was applied from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) in the governor vessel moxibustion group, once a week; placebo moxibustion was applied in the placebo moxibustion group, once a week. Treatment of 8 weeks was required in the 3 groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17), Asberg's rating scale for side effects (SERS) and TCM clinical symptom were compared, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of HAMD-17, SERS and TCM clinical symptom were decreased compared before treatment in the 3 groups (P<0.05), the decrease ranges of above scores in the governor vessel moxibustion group were larger than those in the western medication group and the placebo moxibustion group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 92.5% (37/40) in the governor vessel moxibustion group, which was higher than 75.6% (31/41) in the western medication group and 80.5% (33/41) in the placebo moxibustion group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Governor vessel moxibustion combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule can improve the degree of depression and relieve the clinical symptoms in mild to moderate depression patients with kidney-yang deficiency, the efficacy is superior to simple fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule, and can reduce the fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule-induced adverse effect to a certain extent.
Sujets)
Humains , Moxibustion , Déficit du Yang/traitement médicamenteux , Dépression/étiologie , Fluoxétine , Points d'acupuncture , ReinRésumé
The recurrent neural network architecture improves the processing ability of time-series data. However, issues such as exploding gradients and poor feature extraction limit its application in the automatic diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This paper proposed a research approach for building an MCI diagnostic model using a Bayesian-optimized bidirectional long short-term memory network (BO-BiLSTM) to address this problem. The diagnostic model was based on a Bayesian algorithm and combined prior distribution and posterior probability results to optimize the BO-BiLSTM network hyperparameters. It also used multiple feature quantities that fully reflected the cognitive state of the MCI brain, such as power spectral density, fuzzy entropy, and multifractal spectrum, as the input of the diagnostic model to achieve automatic MCI diagnosis. The results showed that the feature-fused Bayesian-optimized BiLSTM network model achieved an MCI diagnostic accuracy of 98.64% and effectively completed the diagnostic assessment of MCI. In conclusion, based on this optimization, the long short-term neural network model has achieved automatic diagnostic assessment of MCI, providing a new diagnostic model for intelligent diagnosis of MCI.
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Humains , Théorème de Bayes , , Algorithmes , Encéphale , Dysfonctionnement cognitif/diagnosticRésumé
Objective To investigate the changes in plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) level and their relationship with white matter microstructure in the patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI) and vascular mild cognitive impairment (vMCI).Methods A total of 36 aMCI patients,20 vMCI patients,and 34 sex and age matched healthy controls (HC) in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were enrolled in this study.Neuropsychological scales,including the Mini-Mental State Examination,the Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and the Activity of Daily Living Scale,were employed to assess the participants.Plasma samples of all the participants were collected for the measurement of Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels.All the participants underwent magnetic resonance scanning to obtain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.The DTI indexes of 48 white matter regions of each individual were measured (based on the ICBM-DTI-81 white-matter labels atlas developed by Johns Hopkins University),including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).The cognitive function,plasma Aβ42,Aβ40,and Aβ42/40 levels,and DTI index were compared among the three groups.The correlations between the plasma Aβ42/40 levels and DTI index of aMCI and vMCI patients were analyzed.Results The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores of aMCI and vMCI groups were lower than those of the HC group (all P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the Activity of Daily Living Scale score among the three groups (P=0.654).The plasma Aβ42 level showed no significant difference among the three groups (P=0.227).The plasma Aβ40 level in the vMCI group was higher than that in the HC group (P=0.014),while it showed no significant difference between aMCI and HC groups (P=1.000).The plasma Aβ42/40 levels in aMCI and vMCI groups showed no significant differences from that in the HC group (P=1.000,P=0.105),while the plasma Aβ42/40 level was lower in the vMCI group than in the aMCI group (P=0.016).The FA value of the left anterior limb of internal capsule in the vMCI group was lower than those in HC and aMCI groups (all P=0.001).The MD values of the left superior corona radiata,left external capsule,left cingulum (cingulate gyrus),and left superior fronto-occipital fasciculus in the vMCI group were higher than those in HC (P=0.024,P=0.001,P=0.003,P<0.001) and aMCI (P=0.015,P=0.004,P=0.019,P=0.001) groups,while the MD values of the right posterior limb of internal capsule (P=0.005,P=0.001) and left cingulum (hippocampus) (P=0.017,P=0.031) in the aMCI and vMCI groups were higher than those in the HC group.In the aMCI group,plasma Aβ42/40 level was positively correlated with FA of left posterior limb of internal capsule (r=0.403,P=0.015) and negatively correlated with MD of the right fonix (r=-0.395,P=0.017).In the vMCI group,plasma Aβ42/40 level was positively correlated with FA of the right superior cerebellar peduncle and the right anterior limb of internal capsule (r=0.575,P=0.008;r=0.639,P=0.002),while it was negatively correlated with MD of the right superior cerebellar peduncle and the right anterior limb of internal capsule (r=-0.558,P=0.011;r=-0.626,P=0.003).Conclusions Plasma Aβ levels vary differently in the patients with aMCI and vMCI.The white matter regions of impaired microstructural integrity differ in the patients with different dementia types in the early stage.The plasma Aβ levels in the patients with aMCI and vMCI are associated with the structural integrity of white matter,and there is regional specificity between them.