Prevalencia de VPH y factores de riesgos en mujeres universitarias sintomáticas y asintomáticas, Ecuador 2020 / Prevalence of HPV and risk factors in a population of symptomatic and asymptomatic women university, Ecuador 2020

El virus papiloma humano o VPH representa una de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual más frecuente, principal causa de cáncer cervical. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de las infecciones genitales por VPH, identificar factores clínico-epidemiológicos asociados a dicha prevalencia y obtener la frecuencia de los tipos virales, en mujeres universitarias sintomáticas y asintomáticas en Ecuador, año 2020. Metodología. Investigación descriptiva, transversal, experimental de campo, la población estuvo constituida por 135 estudiantes con edad comprendida entre 18-28 años. Como instrumento de recolección de datos se realizó una encuesta sobre factores clínicos, la detección del VPH fue por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) amplificándose una sección de 450 pares de bases del genoma viral perteneciente al fragmento L1, la detección del genotipo de VPH se realizó mediante el estudio del polimorfismo de la longitud de los fragmentos de restricción (RFLP). Resultado. Se encontró una prevalencia de VPH de 15,56% (21/135), la edad la mayor prevalencia se encontró en mujeres de 24-28 años (57,14%), 19,05% (4/21) de las mujeres que habían tenido embarazos salieron VPH (+), referente a los síntomas, 60,00% era sintomáticas y 40,00% asintomáticas, de las cuales 20,37 (11/54) resultaron VPH (+). En 66,67 % (8/12) se detectó secuencias de ADN de VPH de alto riesgo. El conocimiento integrado de todos estos factores o elementos que involucran al paciente como entidad social y biológica, al virus y a los posibles co-factores es fundamental para la implementación de programas de prevención (educativos y profilácticos) y para el óptimo manejo de los recursos disponibles en el tratamiento y seguimiento de los distintos niveles de esta patología(AU)

The human papillomavirus or HPV represents one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, the main cause of cervical cancer. Objective. Determine the prevalence of genital HPV infections, identify clinical-epidemiological factors associated with said prevalence and obtain the frequency of viral types in symptomatic and asymptomatic women university in Ecuador, year 2020. Methodology. Descriptive, cross-sectional, experimental field research, the population consisted of 155 students aged between 18-28 years. As a data collection instrument, a survey on clinical factors was carried out, the detection of HPV was by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplifying a section of 450 base pairs of the viral genome belonging to the L1 fragment, the detection of the genotype of HPV was performed by studying the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Outcome. An HPV prevalence of 15.56% (21/135) was found, the age the highest prevalence was found in women 24-28 years (57.14%), 19.05% (4/21) of women who had pregnancies came out HPV (+), referring to symptoms, 60.00% were symptomatic and 40.00% asymptomatic, of which 20.37 (11/54) were HPV (+). High-risk HPV DNA sequences were detected in 66.67% (8/12). Integrated knowledge of all these factors or elements that involve the patient as a social and biological entity, the virus and possible co-factors is essential for the implementation of prevention programs (educational and prophylactic) and for the optimal management of available resources in the treatment and monitoring of the different levels of this pathology

Molecular Prevalence of Acarapis Mite Infestations in Honey Bees in Korea

Acarapis mites, including Acarapis woodi, Acarapis externus, and Acarapis dorsalis, are parasites of bees which can cause severe damage to the bee industry by destroying colonies and decreasing honey production. All 3 species are prevalent throughout many countries including UK, USA, Iran, Turkey, China, and Japan. Based on previous reports of Acarapis mites occurring in northeast Asia, including China and Japan, we investigated a survey of Acarapis mite infestations in honey bees in Korean apiaries. A total of 99 colonies of Apis mellifera were sampled from 5 provinces. The head and thorax of 20 bees from each colony were removed for DNA extraction. PCR assays were performed with 3 primer sets, including T, A, and K primers. Results indicated that 42.4% (42/99) of samples were Acarapis-positive by PCR assay which were sequenced to identify species. Each sequence showed 92.6-99.3% homology with reference sequences. Based on the homology, the number of colonies infected with A. dorsalis was 32 which showed the highest infection rate among the 3 species, while the number of colonies infected with A. externus and A. woodi was 9 and 1, respectively. However, none of the Acarapis mites were morphologically detected. This result could be explained that all apiaries in the survey used acaricides against bee mites such as Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae which also affect against Acarapis mites. Based on this study, it is highly probable that Acarapis mites as well as Varroa and Tropilaelaps could be prevalent in Korean apiaries.