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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(1): 166-172, feb. 2024. ilus
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528834

Résumé

SUMMARY: Peripheral nerve injury is an extremely important medical and socio-economic problem. It is far from a solution, despite on rapid development of technologies. To study the effect of long-term electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, we used a domestically produced electrical stimulation system, which is approved for clinical use. The study was performed on 28 rabbits. Control of regeneration was carried out after 3 month with morphologic techniques. The use of long-term electrostimulation technology leads to an improvement in the results of the recovery of the nerve trunk after an injury, both directly at the site of damage, when stimulation begins in the early period, and indirectly, after the nerve fibers reach the effector muscle.


La lesión de los nervios periféricos es un problema médico y socioeconómico extremadamente importante. Sin embargo, y a pesar del rápido desarrollo de las tecnologías, aún no tiene solución. Para estudiar el efecto de la estimulación eléctrica a largo plazo de los nervios periféricos, utilizamos un sistema de estimulación eléctrica de producción nacional, que está aprobado para uso clínico. El estudio se realizó en 28 conejos. El control de la regeneración se realizó a los 3 meses con técnicas morfológicas. El uso de tecnología de electro estimulación a largo plazo conduce a una mejora en los resultados de la recuperación del tronco nervioso después de una lesión, tanto directamente en el lugar del daño, cuando la estimulación comienza en el período temprano, como indirectamente, después de que las fibras nerviosas alcanzan el músculo efector.


Sujets)
Animaux , Lapins , Stimulation électrique/méthodes , Lésions des nerfs périphériques/thérapie , Nerfs périphériques , Muscles squelettiques/innervation , Récupération fonctionnelle , Régénération nerveuse
2.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 105-110, 2024.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1013291

Résumé

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of early postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation on elbow joint dysfunction and ulnar nerve injury in children and adolecents with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury. MethodsA total of 49 children with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury after operation were selected from January, 2016 to December, 2021 in Wangjing Hospital, which were randomly divided into control group (n = 24) and treatment group (n = 25). The control group accepted wax therapy and acupuncture, and the treatment group accepted medicine fumigation, joint mobilization and electromyographic biofeedback, for twelve weeks. They were assessed with The Hospital for Special Surgery Elbow score (HSS) and Medical Research Neurotrauma Society Report (MCRR) before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatent, the HSS scores increased in both groups (|t| > 8.345, P < 0.001). The HSS score was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 4.536, P < 0.001). The d-value of HSS scores before and after treatment was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 3.717, P < 0.05). The rate of excellent recovery of ulnar nerve function was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (χ2 = 5.975, P < 0.05). ConclusionEarly postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation could romote the recovery of elbow function and ulnar nerve injury in children and youth with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury.

3.
Chinese journal of integrative medicine ; (12): 251-259, 2024.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1010332

Résumé

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in promoting recovery of the facial function with the involvement of autophagy, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the control, sham-operated, facial nerve injury (FNI), EA, EA+3-methyladenine (3-MA), and EA+GDNF antagonist groups using a random number table, with 12 rats in each group. An FNI rat model was established with facial nerve crushing method. EA intervention was conducted at Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Yifeng (SJ 17), and Hegu (LI 4) acupoints for 2 weeks. The Simone's 10-Point Scale was utilized to monitor the recovery of facial function. The histopathological evaluation of facial nerves was performed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of Beclin-1, light chain 3 (LC3), and P62 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Additionally, IHC was also used to detect the levels of GDNF, Rai, PI3K, and mTOR.@*RESULTS@#The facial functional scores were significantly increased in the EA group than the FNI group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). HE staining showed nerve axons and myelin sheaths, which were destroyed immediately after the injury, were recovered with EA treatment. The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly elevated and the expression of P62 was markedly reduced in FNI rats (P<0.01); however, EA treatment reversed these abnormal changes (P<0.01). Meanwhile, EA stimulation significantly increased the levels of GDNF, Rai, PI3K, and mTOR (P<0.01). After exogenous administration with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or GDNF antagonist, the repair effect of EA on facial function was attenuated (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#EA could promote the recovery of facial function and repair the facial nerve damages in a rat model of FNI. EA may exert this neuroreparative effect through mediating the release of GDNF, activating the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, and further regulating the autophagy of facial nerves.


Sujets)
Rats , Mâle , Animaux , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Électroacupuncture , Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/métabolisme , Lésions traumatiques du nerf facial/thérapie , Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/métabolisme , Bécline-1 , Facteur neurotrophique dérivé des cellules gliales , Transduction du signal , Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR/métabolisme , Autophagie , Mammifères/métabolisme
4.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 77(4): e01, oct.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560429

Résumé

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de la técnica quirúrgica de colocación de clavillos Kirschner forma lateral versus cruzada en el manejo de las fracturas supracondíleas de húmero en pacientes pediátricos. Metodología: Se captaron a todos los pacientes con fractura supracondílea humeral en edad pediátrica que requirieron intervención quirúrgica, y posteriormente fueron evaluados a las 24 horas y 6 meses posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico para observar y comparar las diferencias entre cada técnica quirúrgica utilizada, tomando en cuenta las complicaciones agudas y tardías que se presentaron mediante un análisis con la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Para el presente estudios se evaluaron 44 pacientes pediátricos de los cuales 70% eran hombres y 30% mujeres, en quienes se presentaron complicaciones nerviosas y angulares sin importancia significativa alguna con el sexo y edades de los pacientes, siendo la afección del nervio cubital la de mayor frecuencia con 33% en la colocación de forma cruzada. Al realizar la comparativa con discriminación de variables se obtiene que la colocación de forma lateral presenta menos complicaciones posquirúrgicas tempranas y tardías y que tales no se deben al azar. Limitaciones o implicaciones: En el presente estudio no se incluyó el tipo de daño mecánico que provoca este tipo de fractura, ni se consideró el ángulo de Baumann. Otra limitación inherente en la población pediátrica es la habilidad del explorador para detectar un déficit neurológico, especialmente en pacientes de edad temprana dado a que los reportes de una exploración física siempre son subjetivos. Además, dada la limitación en cuanto a los detalles del mecanismo específico de daño, se puede subestimar el número de daños provocados por mecanismos de alta energía. Originalidad y valor: Su importancia radica en que ambas técnicas quirúrgicas fueron realizadas por los mismos cirujanos y que se trata de un estudio en población mexicana, siendo un aporte para la literatura de este país. Conclusión: Ambas técnicas quirúrgicas presentan resultados posquirúrgicos con casos de lesión nerviosa, deformidad angular, dolor y edema persistente, pero la que los presenta en menor frecuencia es la técnica de colocación de clavillos Kirschner en forma lateral, además de causar una significancia estadística en cuanto a la disminución de presentar cubito valgo en el seguimiento tardío de los pacientes.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the results of the surgical technique placement of Kirschner pins lateral versus crossed in the management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in pediatric patients. Methodology: All pediatric patients with humeral supracondylar fracture who required surgical intervention and were subsequently evaluated 24 hours and 6 months after surgical treatment to observe and compare the differences between each patient. surgical technique used. Taking into account the acute and late complications that occurred, through an analysis with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: For the present studies, 44 pediatric patients were evaluated, of whom 70% were men and 30% women, in whom nerve and angular complications presented without any significant importance with the sex and age of the patients, with ulnar nerve involvement being the most frequent with 33% in cross placement. When carrying out the comparison with discrimination of variables, it is obtained that the placement laterally presents fewer early and late post-surgical complications and that such are not due to chance. Or the present study, it is considered that a placement of Kirschner pins laterally regardless of the member, age, gender or classification; leads to better post-surgical results. Limitations or implications: In the present study, the type of mechanical damage that causes this type of fracture was not included, nor was the Baumann angle considered. Another limitation inherent in the pediatric population is the ability of the examiner to detect a neurological deficit, especially in young patients since reports of a physical examination are always subjective. Furthermore, given the limited details of the specific damage mechanism, the number of damages caused by high-energy mechanisms may be underestimated. Originality or value: Its importance lies in the fact that both surgical techniques were performed by the same surgeons and that it is a study in the mexican population, being a contribution to the literature of this country. Findings or conclusions: Both surgical techniques present post-surgical results with cases of nerve injury, angular deformity, pain and persistent edema, but the one that presents them less frequently in the technique of placement of Kirschner pins laterally, in addition to causing statistical significance in terms of the decrease of presenting cubitus valgus in the late follow-up of the patients.

5.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1128-1134, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514339

Résumé

SUMMARY: This study investigated the role and mechanism of aspirin combined with rehabilitation training in the nerve injury repair and Schwann cell changes in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Totally, 120 male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into sham, model, aspirin, and aspirin + rehabilitation groups, with 30 rats in each group. The sciatic nerve function index (SFI), photothermal pain tolerance threshold and inclined plane test results at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after operation were compared. The distance of sensory nerve regeneration and the expression of S100B protein in Schwann cells were analyzed. Compared with the sham group, the SFI of the model, aspirin, and aspirin+rehabilitation groups were significantly lower at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after operation. However, the aspirin and aspirin+rehabilitation groups had significantly higher SFI than the model group. The SFI at 6 and 8 weeks after operation was higher in the aspirin+rehabilitation group than that in the aspirin group (P<0.05). The photothermal pain tolerance threshold of the sham, aspirin, and aspirin+rehabilitation groups were significantly higher than those of the model group at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after operation (P<0.05). The inclination angles of the model, aspirin, and aspirin+rehabilitation groups were significantly lower than those of the sham group at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after operation, and the inclination angle of the aspirin+rehabilitation group was significantly higher than that of the model and aspirin groups (P<0.05). The sensory nerve regeneration distance in aspirin and aspirin+rehabilitation groups was higher than that in the sham and model groups (P<0.05). The expression of S100B protein in the aspirin and aspirin+rehabilitation groups was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Aspirin combined with rehabilitation training can promote the functional recovery of sciatic nerve injury, and the mechanism may be related to the increase of the expression of S100B protein in Schwann cells.


En este estudio se investigó el papel y el mecanismo que desempeña la aspirina combinada, con el entrenamiento de rehabilitación en la reparación de lesiones nerviosas y los cambios en los schwannocitos en ratas con lesiones en el nervio ciático. En total, 120 ratas SD macho sanas se dividieron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos de 30 ratas en cada uno: simulación, modelo, aspirina y aspirina + rehabilitación. Se compararon el índice de función del nervio ciático (SFI), el umbral de tolerancia al dolor fototérmico y los resultados de la prueba del plano inclinado a las 4, 6 y 8 semanas después de la operación. Se analizó la distancia de regeneración del nervio sensorial y la expresión de la proteína S100B en los schwannocitos. En comparación con el grupo simulado, el SFI de los grupos modelo, aspirina y aspirina+rehabilitación fue significativamente menor a las 4, 6 y 8 semanas después de la operación. Sin embargo, los grupos de aspirina y aspirina + rehabilitación tuvieron un SFI significativamente más alto que el grupo modelo. El SFI a las 6 y 8 semanas después de la operación fue mayor en el grupo de aspirina + rehabilitación que en el grupo de aspirina (P<0,05). El umbral de tolerancia al dolor fototérmico de los grupos simulado, aspirina y aspirina+rehabilitación fue significativamente mayor que el del grupo modelo a las 4, 6 y 8 semanas después de la operación (P<0,05). Los ángulos de inclinación de los grupos modelo, aspirina y aspirina+rehabilitación fueron significativamente menores que los del grupo simulado a las 4, 6 y 8 semanas después de la operación, y el ángulo de inclinación del grupo aspirina+rehabilitación fue significativamente mayor que el de los grupos modelo y aspirina (P<0.05). La distancia de regeneración del nervio sensorial en los grupos de aspirina y aspirina+rehabilitación fue mayor que en los grupos simulado y modelo (P<0,05). La expresión de la proteína S100B en los grupos de aspirina y aspirina+rehabilitación fue mayor que en el grupo modelo (P<0,05). La aspirina combinada con el entrenamiento de rehabilitación puede promover la recuperación funcional de la lesión del nervio ciático, y el mecanismo puede estar relacionado con el aumento de la expresión de la proteína S100B en los schwannocitos.


Sujets)
Animaux , Rats , Nerf ischiatique/cytologie , Exercice physique , Acide acétylsalicylique/usage thérapeutique , Neuropathie du nerf sciatique/rééducation et réadaptation , Cellules de Schwann , Immunohistochimie , Seuil nociceptif , Association thérapeutique , Neuropathie du nerf sciatique/physiopathologie , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine
6.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(3): 305-315, May-June 2023. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439603

Résumé

Abstract Background and objectives: Anesthesiologists and hospitals are increasingly confronted with costs associated with the complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks (PNB) procedures. The objective of our study was to identify the incidence of the main adverse events associated with regional anesthesia, particularly during anesthetic PNB, and to evaluate the associated healthcare and social costs. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic search on EMBASE and PubMed with the following search strategy: (‟regional anesthesia" OR ‟nerve block") AND (‟complications" OR ‟nerve lesion" OR ‟nerve damage" OR ‟nerve injury"). Studies on patients undergoing a regional anesthesia procedure other than spinal or epidural were included. Targeted data of the selected studies were extracted and further analyzed. Results: Literature search revealed 487 articles, 21 of which met the criteria to be included in our analysis. Ten of them were included in the qualitative and 11 articles in the quantitative synthesis. The analysis of costs included data from four studies and 2,034 claims over 51,242 cases. The median claim consisted in 39,524 dollars in the United States and 22,750 pounds in the United Kingdom. The analysis of incidence included data from seven studies involving 424,169 patients with an overall estimated incidence of 137/10,000. Conclusion: Despite limitations, we proposed a simple model of cost calculation. We found that, despite the relatively low incidence of adverse events following PNB, their associated costs were relevant and should be carefully considered by healthcare managers and decision makers.


Sujets)
Humains , Anesthésie de conduction/effets indésirables , Bloc nerveux/effets indésirables , Bloc nerveux/méthodes , États-Unis , Stress financier
7.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-217901

Résumé

Peroneal neuropathy is the common mononeuropathy of the lower extremities in adults. The documented etiologies for peroneal nerve injury include trauma, traction, and external compression. Fibular neck is the most common site of common peroneal nerve (CPN) injury as the nerve lies superficial and vulnerable for injury. A 50-year-old male presented with foot drop in his left leg after working in squatting position for prolonged hours along with sensory disturbance in dorsum of left foot. Clinical examination showed poor dorsiflexion in both side ankle with preserved plantar flexion. Electrophysiological findings locate the site of lesion to be CPN at the level of fibular neck. We conclude that CPN is injured due to knee flexion in farmers repeatedly squatting for long hours. Superficial peroneal nerve may be spared due to their interfascicular arrangement at the level of fibular neck placing deep peroneal nerve near the fibula making them more susceptible to compression type of injury. Peroneal nerve may be damaged at multiple sites including ankle. The condition can be reversed with conservative treatment, primarily by avoiding the precipitating position.

8.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 38(90): 21-28, 2023. ilus
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1553695

Résumé

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con alte-ración de la sensibilidad, consecuente a la extracción de un tercer molar inferior retenido bajo el contexto de urgencia, resultando en la injuria del nervio denta-rio inferior. La cirugía fue realizada en el Servicio de Urgencias Odontológicas y Orientación de Pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FOUBA), en respuesta a la sintomatolo-gía dolorosa que venía presentando la paciente desde hacía tiempo, motivo por el cual concurre a la consul-ta. En este trabajo se exponen los parámetros utiliza-dos, las etapas evolutivas y los resultados obtenidos luego de un tratamiento con láser de diodo de baja intensidad, efectuado con equipamiento Woodpecker LX 16 Plus, realizado en el área de Unidad Láser de la Cátedra de Endodoncia de la FOUBA. El tratamiento fue aceptado por la paciente quien firmó el consen-timiento informado correspondiente. Se observó una pronta y favorable recuperación ante las aplicacio-nes de fotobiomodulación láser. En la sexta sesión, se pudo determinar que la recuperación sensitiva había sido completa. Asimismo, en este trabajo se hace mención a ciertos factores preventivos prequirúr-gicos a tener en cuenta para minimizar los riesgos de lesión nerviosa ante situaciones similares, tales como forma y posición de la pieza dentaria en la man-díbula, la importancia de los estudios imagenológicos como la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) y la técnica quirúrgica (AU)


A clinic case of a patient with alteration of sensitivity is presented, following an emergency extraction of a retained lower third molar, which resulted in the injury of the lower dental nerve. The surgery was performed at the Dental Emergency and Patient Orientation Service of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires (FOUBA), in response to the painful symptomatology that the patient had been presenting for some time, reason for which the patient arrived to the clinic. This report presents the parameters used, the evolutionary stages and the results obtained after a treatment with low intensity diode laser, performed with Woodpecker LX 16 Plus equipment, carried out in the Laser Unit area of the Chair of Endodontics, FOUBA. The treatment was performed with the permission of the patient, who signed the corresponding informed consent. A prompt and favorable recovery was observed after photobiomodulatory applications. Completion of sensory recovery was determined during the six sessions. Furthermore, this work describes certain pre-surgical preventive factors to take into account to minimize the risks of nerve injury in similar situations, such as the shape and position of the tooth in the jaw, the importance of imaging studies such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the surgical technique (AU)


Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Adulte , Nerf mandibulaire/physiopathologie , Argentine , Complications postopératoires/étiologie , École dentaire , Dent de sagesse/chirurgie
9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 56: e12578, 2023. graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420749

Résumé

Oxidative stress plays a role in the delay of peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. The accumulation of free radicals results in nerve tissue damage and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal death. Pinostrobin (PB) is one of the bioflavonoids from Boesenbergia rotunda and has been reported to possess antioxidant capacity and numerous pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PB on peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including control, sham, sciatic nerve crush injury (SNC), SNC + 20 mg/kg PB, and SNC + 40 mg/kg PB. Nerve functional recovery was observed every 7 days. At the end of the study, the sciatic nerve and the DRG were collected for histological and biochemical analyses. PB treatment at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg reduced oxidative stress by up-regulating endogenous glutathione. The reduced oxidative stress in PB-treated rats resulted in increased axon diameters, greater number of DRG neurons, and p-ERK1/2 expression in addition to faster functional recovery within 4 weeks compared to untreated SNC rats. The results indicated that PB diminished the oxidative stress-induced nerve injury. These effects should be considered in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

10.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 4057-4074, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008011

Résumé

Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are synthetic nerve grafts that are capable of providing the structural and nutritional support for nerve regeneration. The ideal NGCs have plenty of requirements on biocompatibility, mechanical strength, topological structure, and conductivity. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the design of NGCs and establish a better therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury in order to meet clinical needs. Although current NGCs have made certain process in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, their nerve regeneration and functional outcomes on repairing long-distance nerve injury remain unsatisfactory. Herein, we review the nerve conduit design from four aspects, namely raw material selection, structural design, therapeutic factor loading and self-powered component integration. Moreover, we summarize the research progress of NGCs in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, in order to facilitate the iterative updating and clinical transformation of NGCs.


Sujets)
Humains , Lésions des nerfs périphériques/thérapie , Régénération tissulaire guidée , Régénération nerveuse/physiologie , Nerf ischiatique
11.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 1293-1299, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1007485

Résumé

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) combined with neurodynamic mobilization (NM) on the cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers after sciatic nerve injury in rabbits, and the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and muscle-specific ring-finger protein 1 (MuRF1).@*METHODS@#A total of 180 common-grade New Zealand rabbits (half male and half female) were randomly divided into five groups, i.e. a normal control group, a model control group, a NM group, an EA group and a combined intervention group, 36 rabbits in each group. Except in the normal control group, clipping method was used to prepare the model of sciatic nerve injury in the rest groups. On the 3rd day of successful modeling, NM was delivered in the NM group. In the EA group, EA was exerted at bilateral "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) of L4 to L6, stimulated with disperse-dense wave and the frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz. In the combined intervention group, after EA delivered at bilateral "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) of L4 to L6 , NM was operated. The intervention in each group was delivered once daily, for 6 days a week, and lasted 1, 2 or 4 weeks according to the collection time of sample tissue. After 1, 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, in each group, the toe tension reflex score and the modified Tarlov test score were observed; the morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle was observed by HE staining and the cross-sectional area of muscular fiber was measured; using Western blot method, the expression of NF-κB and MuRF1 of the gastrocnemius muscle was detected.@*RESULTS@#After 1, 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the toe tension reflex scores and the modified Tarlov scores in the model control group were lower than those of the normal control group (P<0.05), and these two scores in the NM group, the EA group and the combined intervention group were all higher than those of the model control group (P<0.05); the scores in the combined intervention group were higher than those in the EA group and the NM group (P<0.05). The gastrocnemius fibers were well arranged and the myocyte morphology was normal in the normal control group. In the model control group, the gastrocnemius fibers were disarranged, the myocytes were irregular in morphology and the inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the local. In the NM group, the EA group and the combined intervention group, the muscle fibers were regularly arranged when compared with the model control group. After 1, 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the cross-sectional areas of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers in the model control group were smaller than those of the normal control group (P<0.05). The cross-sectional areas in the NM group, the EA group and the combined intervention group were larger than those of the model control group (P<0.05), and the cross-sectional areas in the combined intervention group were larger than those in the NM group and the EA group (P<0.05). After intervention for 1, 2 and 4 weeks, the protein expressions of NF-κB and MuRF1 in the gastrocnemius muscle were higher in the model control group in comparison of those in the normal control group (P<0.05). In the NM group, the EA group and the combined intervention group, the expressions of NF-κB after intervention for 1, 2 and 4 weeks and the expressions of MuRF1 after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention were lower when compared with those in the model control group (P<0.05). In the combined intervention group, the protein expressions of NF-κB after intervention for 1, 2 and 4 weeks and the expressions of MuRF1 after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention were decreased when compared with those in the NM group and the EA group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Electroacupuncture at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) combined with NM may increase the muscle strength and sciatic function and alleviate gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in the rabbits with sciatic nerve injury. The underlying mechanism is related to the inhibition of NF-κB and MuRF1 expression.


Sujets)
Animaux , Femelle , Mâle , Lapins , Électroacupuncture , Muscles squelettiques , Amyotrophie/thérapie , Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B/génétique , Lésions des nerfs périphériques , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Nerf ischiatique
12.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 990-992, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1007431

Résumé

The paper summarizes the academic thought and clinical experience of professor LI De-hua in treatment of facial nerve injury after total parotidectomy with blade needle based on jingjin (muscle region of meridian, sinew/fascia) theory. This disease is located at muscle regions of hand-/foot-three yang meridians; and the sinew/fascia adhesion is its basic pathogenesis, manifested by "transversely-distributed collaterals" and "knotted tendons". In treatment, the knotted tendons are taken as the points. Using the relaxation technique of blade needle, the lesions of sinews/fascia are dissected and removed to release the stimulation or compression to the nerves and vessels so that the normal function of sinews/fascia can be restored.


Sujets)
Humains , Lésions traumatiques du nerf facial/chirurgie , Fascia , Pied , Main , Membre inférieur
13.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 350-359, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1009366

Résumé

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the characteristics and objective assessment method of visual field defects caused by optic chiasm and its posterior visual pathway injury.@*METHODS@#Typical cases of visual field defects caused by injuries to the optic chiasm, optic tracts, optic radiations, and visual cortex were selected. Visual field examinations, visual evoked potential (VEP) and multifocal visual evolved potential (mfVEP) measurements, craniocerebral CT/MRI, and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed, respectively, and the aforementioned visual electrophysiological and neuroimaging indicators were analyzed comprehensively.@*RESULTS@#The electrophysiological manifestations of visual field defects caused by optic chiasm injuries were bitemporal hemianopsia mfVEP abnormalities. The visual field defects caused by optic tract, optic radiation, and visual cortex injuries were all manifested homonymous hemianopsia mfVEP abnormalities contralateral to the lesion. Mild relative afferent pupil disorder (RAPD) and characteristic optic nerve atrophy were observed in hemianopsia patients with optic tract injuries, but not in patients with optic radiation or visual cortex injuries. Neuroimaging could provide morphological evidence of damages to the optic chiasm and its posterior visual pathway.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Visual field defects caused by optic chiasm, optic tract, optic radiation, and visual cortex injuries have their respective characteristics. The combined application of mfVEP and static visual field measurements, in combination with neuroimaging, can maximize the assessment of the location and degree of visual pathway damage, providing an effective scheme for the identification of such injuries.


Sujets)
Humains , Chiasma optique/anatomopathologie , Voies optiques/anatomopathologie , Champs visuels , Potentiels évoqués visuels , Technique RAPD , Hémianopsie/complications , Troubles de la vision/anatomopathologie , Lésions traumatiques du nerf optique/imagerie diagnostique , Lésions traumatiques de l'encéphale/imagerie diagnostique
14.
Chinese journal of integrative medicine ; (12): 791-800, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1010270

Résumé

OBJECTIVE@#To verify the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in ameliorating erectile dysfunction (ED) after radical prostatectomy (RP).@*METHODS@#The composition of BHD was verified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis. Bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury (BCNI) in rats was used to mimic the neurovascular injury occurring after RP. By the envelope method, forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: sham (cavernous nerves exposed only), model (BCNI), low-dosage BHD [LBHD, 12.8 g/(kg·d)], and high-dosage BHD [HBHD, 51.2 g/(kg·d)] groups, 10 rats in each group, feeding for 3 weeks respectively. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Changes in the histopathology of corpus cavernosum (CC) were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Meanwhile, the fibrosis of CC was measured by Masson's trichrome staining and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of collagen I, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF- β 1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Apoptosis index was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Western blot for determining the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax). The oxidative stress in the CC were assessed by the superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The proteins expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun were detected by Western blot. In addition, the expression of α-SMA and p-c-Jun in the CC was observed by double immunofluorescence staining.@*RESULTS@#The UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that BHD contained calycosin-7-O- β -D-glucoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin. Compared with the model group, LBHD and HBHD treatment improved the ICP and the circumference, area, and weight of CC (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, LBHD and HBHD treatments increased CC smooth muscle content and decreased apoptosis index (P<0.05 or P<0.01). LBHD and HBHD also elevated SOD and expression level of α -SMA and Bcl-2, and reduced MDA and ROS levels, as well as expression of TGF- β 1, collagen I, Bax, p-c-JNK, p-JNK in the CC compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The double immunofluorescence staining showed that the fluorescence degree of p-c-Jun in both LBHD and HBHD treatment groups was significantly reduced, whereas the α -SMA expression increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#BHD can improve ED of rats with BCNI, which is related to inhibiting fibrosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress of CC. The ROS/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway may play an important role in the process.


Sujets)
Mâle , Humains , Rats , Animaux , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène , Spectrométrie de masse en tandem , Protéine Bax , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Dysfonctionnement érectile/traitement médicamenteux , Collagène , Fibrose , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine
15.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 137-143, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981847

Résumé

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the changes of elbow flexor muscle strength after musculocutaneous nerve injury and its correlation with needle electromyography (nEMG) parameters.@*METHODS@#Thirty cases of elbow flexor weakness caused by unilateral brachial plexus injury (involving musculocutaneous nerve) were collected. The elbow flexor muscle strength was evaluated by manual muscle test (MMT) based on Lovett Scale. All subjects were divided into Group A (grade 1 and grade 2, 16 cases) and Group B (grade 3 and grade 4, 14 cases) according to their elbow flexor muscle strength of injured side. The biceps brachii of the injured side and the healthy side were examined by nEMG. The latency and amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were recorded. The type of recruitment response, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential were recorded when the subjects performed maximal voluntary contraction. The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was measured by portable microFET 2 Manual Muscle Tester. The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength (the ratio of quantitative muscle strength of the injured side to the healthy side) was calculated. The differences of nEMG parameters, quantitative muscle strength and residual elbow flexor muscle strength between the two groups and between the injured side and the healthy side were compared. The correlation between elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification, quantitative muscle strength and nEMG parameters was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#After musculocutaneous nerve injury, the percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength in Group B was 23.43% and that in Group A was 4.13%. Elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification was significantly correlated with the type of recruitment response, and the correlation coefficient was 0.886 (P<0.05). The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was correlated with the latency and amplitude of CMAP, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential, and the correlation coefficients were -0.528, 0.588, 0.465 and 0.426 (P<0.05), respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength can be used as the basis of muscle strength classification, and the comprehensive application of nEMG parameters can be used to infer quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength.


Sujets)
Humains , Coude , Électromyographie , Nerf musculocutané , Articulation du coude/physiologie , Muscles squelettiques , Force musculaire , Lésions des nerfs périphériques
16.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences ; (12): 160-173, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970303

Résumé

OBJECTIVE@#To provide useful information for selecting the most appropriate peripheral nerve injury model for different research purposes in nerve injury and repair studies, and to compare nerve regeneration capacity and characteristics between them.@*METHODS@#Sixty adult SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and underwent crush injury alone (group A, n = 30) or transection injury followed by surgical repair (group B, n = 30) of the right hind paw. Each group was subjected to the CatWalk test, gastrocnemius muscle evaluation, pain threshold measurement, electrophysiological examination, retrograde neuronal labeling, and quantification of nerve regeneration before and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury.@*RESULTS@#Gait analysis showed that the recovery speed in group A was significantly faster than that in group B at 14 days. At 21 days, the compound muscle action potential of the gastrocnemius muscle in group A was significantly higher than that in group B, and the number of labeled motor neurons in group B was lower than that in group A. The number of new myelin sheaths and the g-ratio were higher in group A than in group B. There was a 7-day time difference in the regeneration rate between the two injury groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The regeneration of nerve fibers was rapid after crush nerve injury, whereas the transection injury was relatively slow, which provides some ideas for the selection of clinical research models.


Sujets)
Animaux , Rats , Neurofibres , Régénération nerveuse , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Nerf ischiatique/traumatismes
17.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ; (6): 311-316, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981269

Résumé

Erectile dysfunction (ED) refers to the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain a sufficient erection of the penis to obtain a satisfactory sexual life,which affects the quality of life of the patients and their sexual partners.To decipher the pathophysiological mechanism of ED,researchers have established a variety of animal models and achieved a series of progress.The cavernous nerve (CN) of rodents,anatomically similar to that of humans,is cost-effective,thick,and easy to be identified,which has gradually become the mainstream of animal models.In this paper,we reviewed the modeling methods of the neurological ED caused by bilateral CN injury in rats in recent years,summarized the model evaluation indicators,and discussed the application and progress of ED models in basic experimental research.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Rats , Animaux , Dysfonctionnement érectile/étiologie , Qualité de vie , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Érection du pénis
18.
West China Journal of Stomatology ; (6): 290-296, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981126

Résumé

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to analyze the application value of a modified tragus edge incision and transmasseteric anteroparotid approach to condyle reconstruction.@*METHODS@#Condyle reconstruction was performed in 16 patients (9 females and 7 males) with modified tragus edge incision and transmasseteric anteroparotid approach. After regular follow-up, the function of condyle reconstruction was evaluated by clinical indicators, such as parotid salivary fistula, facial nerve function, mouth opening, occlusal relationship, and facial scar. The morphology of rib graft rib cartilage was evaluated by imaging indicators, such as panoramic radiography, CT, and three-dimensional CT image reconstruction.@*RESULTS@#At 6-36 months postoperative follow-up, all patients had good recovery of facial appearance, concealed incisional scar, no parotid salivary fistula, good mouth opening, and occlusion. One case had temporary facial paralysis and recovered after treatment. Radiographic evaluation further showed that costochondral graft survived in normal anatomic locations.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The modified tragus edge incision and transmasseteric anteroparotid approach can effectively reduce parotid salivary fistula and facial nerve injury in condylar reconstruction. The surgical field was clearly exposed, and the incision scar was concealed without increasing the incidence of other complications. Thus, this approach is worthy of clinical promotion.


Sujets)
Mâle , Femelle , Humains , Condyle mandibulaire/chirurgie , Cicatrice/chirurgie , Ostéosynthèse interne/méthodes , Fractures mandibulaires/chirurgie , Procédures de chirurgie maxillofaciale et buccodentaire/méthodes , Résultat thérapeutique
19.
China Occupational Medicine ; (6): 73-78, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-988923

Résumé

Objective: To analyze clinical features and electroneuromyography (ENMG) results of chronic mild occupational carbon disulfide poisoning cases. Methods: A total of 344 patients diagnosed with chronic mild occupational carbon disulfide poisoning based on GBZ 4-2002 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chronic Carbon Disulfide Poisoning were selected as study subjects from 2006 to 2019 using the retrospective study method. Their clinical data was collected and analyzed. Results: The main symptoms of the study subjects were dizziness, headache, insomnia, dreaming, memory impairment, numbness and weakness in the distal extremities. Positive signs mainly included symmetrical glove and stocking distribution like sensory disorders in the distal extremities, and the weakening or absent Achilles tendon reflex and knee reflex. The incidence of symptoms and signs increased with the length of service (all P<0.01). The incidence of fundus and venous changes in patients was 41.3%, which increased with the length of service (P<0.01). ENMG examination showed varying degrees of abnormalities in the peripheral motor and/or sensory nerves in all patients, with a higher incidence of motor nerve abnormalities than sensory nerve abnormalities (21.1% vs 3.7%, P<0.01). The incidence of motor nerve abnormality was higher on the right side than the left side (23.7% vs 18.5%, P<0.01). The incidences of motor nerve abnormalities from high to low in the order were median nerve, common peroneal nerve, ulnar nerve and posterior tibial nerve (34.9% vs 27.9% vs 16.6% vs 5.1%, P<0.01). The incidences of sensory nerve abnormalities from high to low in the order were median nerve, ulnar nerve and sural nerve (5.2% vs 5.1% vs 0.7%, P<0.01). The incidences of left ulnar nerve, right ulnar nerve and right median nerve were higher in male patients than in female patients (15.2% vs 5.3%, 24.0% vs 11.7%, 44.8% vs 28.7%, all P<0.05), while the incidences of the left and right common peroneal nerve in lower extremity motor nerve were lower in male patients than in female patients (18.4% vs 52.1%, 21.2% vs 46.8%, all P<0.01). Conclusion: Chronic mild occupational carbon disulfide poisoning was mainly manifested as multiple peripheral nerve injury. ENMG results showed that the distal motor nerve conduction abnormalities were more sensitive than the sensory nerve conduction abnormalities, with a higher degree of impairment in the upper limb than the lower limb, and more impairment in the right side than the left side.

20.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 5871-5880, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008785

Résumé

This study investigated the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Liujing Toutong Tablets(LJTT) on a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO). The pMCAO model was established using the suture method. Eighty-four male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, a nimodipine group(0.020 g·kg~(-1)), and high-, medium-, and low-dose LJTT groups(2.8, 1.4, and 0.7 g·kg~(-1)). The Longa score, adhesive removal test and laser speckle contrast imaging technique were used to evaluate the degree of neurological functional impairment and changes in local cerebral blood flow. The survival and mortality of rats in each group were recorded daily. After seven days of continuous administration following the model induction, the rats in each group were euthanized, and brain tissue and blood samples were collected for corresponding parameter measurements. Nissl staining was used to examine pathological changes in brain tissue neurons. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP), beta-endorphin(β-EP), and endogenous nitric oxide(NO) in rat serum were measured using specific assay kits. The entropy weight method was used to analyze the weights of various indicators. The protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), inhibitor kappaB alpha(IκBα), phosphorylated IκBα(p-IκBα), and phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB kinase alpha(p-IKKα) in brain tissue were determined using Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of chemokine-like factor 1(CKLF1) and C-C chemokine receptor 5(CCR5) in rat brain tissue. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group showed significantly higher neurological functional impairment scores, prolonged adhesive removal time, decreased cerebral blood flow, increased neuronal damage, reduced survival rate, significantly increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CGRP, and NO in serum, significantly decreased levels of VEGF and β-EP, significantly increased expression levels of NF-κB p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, and p-IKKα in rat brain tissue, and significantly upregulated protein expression of CKLF1 and CCR5. Compared with the model group, the high-dose LJTT group significantly improved the neurological functional score of pMCAO rats after oral administration for 7 days. LJTT at all doses significantly reduced adhesive removal time and restored cerebral blood flow. The high-and medium-dose LJTT groups significantly improved neuronal damage. The LJTT groups at all doses showed reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CGRP, and NO in rat serum, increased VEGF and β-EP levels, and significantly decreased expression levels of NF-κB p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, p-IKKα, and CCR5 protein in rat brain tissue. The entropy weight analysis revealed that CGRP and β-EP were significantly affected during the model induction, and LJTT exhibited a strong effect in reducing the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β. LJTT may exert a neuroprotective effect on rats with permanent cerebral ischemia by reducing neuroinflammatory damage, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the regulation of the CKLF1/CCR5 axis. Additionally, LJTT may exert certain analgesic effects by reducing CGRP and NO levels and increasing β-EP levels.


Sujets)
Rats , Mâle , Animaux , Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B/métabolisme , Inhibiteur alpha de NF-KappaB/métabolisme , Facteur de croissance endothéliale vasculaire de type A/génétique , I-kappa B Kinase/pharmacologie , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/pharmacologie , Interleukine-6/génétique , Peptide relié au gène de la calcitonine/pharmacologie , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Transduction du signal , Encéphalopathie ischémique/traitement médicamenteux , Comprimés
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