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Abstract This consensus of nomenclature and classification for congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy is evidence-based and intended for universal use by physicians (both pediatricians and adults), echocardiographers, advanced cardiovascular imaging specialists, interventional cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, pathologists, geneticists, and researchers spanning these areas of clinical and basic research. In addition, as long as new key and reference research is available, this international consensus may be subject to change based on evidence-based data1.
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Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) is a rare neurological disorder. There were more than 10 different terms of disease name in domestic and international published articles by searching FCMTE from PubMed and Wanfang database (from 1990 to 2022), which indicated the different understanding of the disease. It is necessary to discuss the correct and consentaneous name of the disease to facilitate the professional investigation in the future. The name evolution of FCMTE and the author′s views are described in this article.
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Resumen La presente revisión narrativa fue realizada con el objeto de investigar y recopilar la información más reciente y relevante sobre la epidemiología del Virus del Papiloma Humano y su relación con las patologías asociadas a él, en especial la patología maligna del área genital femenina. La revisión de la literatura fue realizada electrónicamente en PubMed, Medline, ISI, DOAJ, Springer, Embase. Web of Knowledge, DOAJ, y Google Scholar para los artículos escritos en el idioma inglés. Los portales Scielo, Latindex, Imbiomed-L, Redalyc y Google Scholar fueron revisados en búsqueda de artículos escritos en el idioma español. La búsqueda incluyó las palabras claves: epidemiología del virus del papiloma humano, taxonomía viral, estructura del virus del papiloma humano, clasificación del virus del papiloma, nomenclatura del virus del papiloma humano, patologías asociadas al virus del papiloma humano, virus papiloma humano y cáncer del cuello uterino, virus del papiloma humano y cáncer de vulva, y virus del papiloma humano y cáncer de vagina. Se buscaron, revisaron y analizaron las publicaciones desde enero de 1987 hasta agosto de 2021. Esta revisión narrativa investigó la epidemiología del virus del papiloma humano y sus patologías asociadas, en especial las malignas del área genital femenina.
Abstract The present narrative review was conducted to investigate and to compile the most recent and relevant information about the epidemiology of the Human Papilloma Virus and its relationship with the pathologies associated with it. Literature searches were performed electronically in PubMed, Medline, ISI, DOAJ, Springer, Embase. Web of Knowledge, DOAJ, and Google Scholar for original articles written in the English language and Scielo, Latindex, Imbiomed-L, Redalyc, and Google Scholar for original articles written in the Spanish language. The searches included the keywords: epidemiology of human papillomavirus, viral taxonomy, the structure of human papillomavirus, classification of human papillomavirus, the nomenclature of human papillomavirus, pathologies associated to human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus and cervical, human papillomavirus and vulvar cancer and human papillomavirus and vaginal cancer Publications from January 1987 to August 2021 reviewed. This narrative review researched the epidemiology of the human papillomavirus and its pathologies associated especially the female genital area.
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The description of the base of the human brain and its arteries that form a circle or polygon, as described and depicted by Thomas Willis and collaborators (1664), and that received his name 'circle of Willis', has a long history, where many renowned preceding authors are included the pre-Willisian anatomists, among which the names of Giulio Casserio (1627), Johann Vesling (1647) e Johann Jakob Wepfer (1658) deserve to be highlighted. However, despite a complete description and correct depiction of the arterial components of the circle, their naming lagged behind. After Willis, a large number of renowned authors the post-Willisian anatomists, studied this formation further. This period begun with a poor contribution of Isbrand van Diemerbroeck (1672). Next appeared authors who provided names that became ephemeral, followed by those who presented designations that would remain permanently. Among the latter must be cited initially Joseph Lieutaud (1742) and Albrecht von Haller (1756), followed by Xavier Bichat with his posthumous work (1803), and finally the definitive names being established by Jean Cruveilhier (1834), this period closing with Henry Gray's book (1858), who consolidated the knowledge on the subject.
A descrição da base do cérebro humano e das artérias que formam um círculo ou polígono, como descrito e ilustrado por Thomas Willis e colaboradores (1664) e que recebeu seu nome - 'círculo de Willis', tem uma longa história, onde constam muitos autores de renome que o precederam os anatomistas pré-Willisianos, entre os quais os nomes de Giulio Casserio (1627), Johann Vesling (1647) e Johann Jakob Wepfer (1658) merecem ser destacados. Entretanto, apesar da descrição completa e ilustração correta dos componentes arteriais do círculo, a denominação dos mesmos ficou atrasada. Após Willis, um grande número de autores renomados os anatomistas pós-Willisianos, continuaram a estudar essa formação. Este período começou com uma contribuição pobre de Isbrand van Diemerbroeck (1672). A seguir apareceram autores que proveram nomes que se mostraram efêmeros, seguidos por aqueles que apresentaram designações que iriam permanecer de modo permanente. Entre os últimos devem ser citados inicialmente Joseph Lieutaud (1742) e Albrecht von Haller (1756), seguidos por Xavier Bichat com sua obra póstuma (1803), e finalmente, os nomes definitivos sendo estabelecidos por Jean Cruveilhier (1834), o período fechando com o livro de Henry Gray (1858), que consolidou o conhecimento sobre o tema.
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To cooperate with the popularization and application of the China national standard Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points (GB/T 12346 -2021), this study introduced the differences between the 2021 version and the 2006 version, and explained the principles of the revision and the changes in the standard name, terminology, definition and the expression of meridian points' body regions. In addition, the revision of the specific contents, including the adjustment of "bone proportional cun" of several meridian points and the revision basis of location of some meridian points were explained.
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Points d'acupuncture , Thérapie par acupuncture , Chine , Méridiens , MoxibustionRésumé
Chinese medicine extracts are the important pharmaceutical materials of Chinese medicinal preparations, but their nomenclature still needs improvement in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). By the analysis of the evolution rules of names of Chinese medicine extracts recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, this study proposed a three-level nomenclature of "Chinese medicine name+chemical information+extract" based on the standardization problems involved in the existing nomenclature, striving to accurately suggest the material basic information on extract names. Meanwhile, the basic elements of Chinese medicine components, the special case from Chinese medicine extracts, were clarified, and the core connotations of the professional names were discriminated to arouse attention and discussions of researchers, facilitate the standardization of Chinese medicine terminology, and promote the scienti-fic development of Chinese medicinal preparations, and the modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicine.
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Humains , Asiatiques , Médicaments issus de plantes chinoises , Médecine traditionnelle chinoise , Normes de référence , Changement socialRésumé
Currently, the definition, classification and Chinese nomenclature of intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are controversial. Whether ICC belongs to liver cancer or carcinoma of bile duct is debatable, and the two terms"intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma"and"cholangiocellular carcinoma"are simultaneously used without distinction, bringing great confusions to clinical practice. Based on authoritative literatures at home and abroad, the authors give suggestions on the definition, classification and Chinese nomenclature of ICC, as well as the classification of carcinoma of bile duct, which recommend that the Chinese translation of "cholangiocarcinoma" should be "epithelial carcinoma of bile duct (cholangiocellular carcinoma)", the mass-forming type ICC should be classified as primary liver cancer, naming as"intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma"and the periductal-infiltrating type and intraductal-growing type ICCs still be classified as carcinoma of bile duct, naming as"perihilar cholangiocarcinoma". The authors recommend to classify carcinoma of bile duct into: perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and distal cholangiocarcinoma.
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The special form of perforator flap, initially derived from traditional perforator flap, have enhanced the connotation of perforator flap and extended its indications to more sophisticated applications. The special-form perforator flaps could be classified into 5 basic types and 18 derivatives. The 5 basic types consist of a Flow through perforator flap, a micro-dissected thin perforator flap, a polyfoliate perforator flap, a chimeric perforator flap and a conjoined perforator flap. The 18 derivatives are based on the combination of either 2, 3 or 4 types of the flaps from the 5 basic types named above, such as the Flow through-polyfoliate perforator flap, the Flow through-microdissected-polyfoliate perforator flap, and the Flow through-microdissected-chimeric-polyfoliate perforator flap etc.. In order to popularise the special forms of perforator flap, it is necessary to standardise the nomenclature and classification of the flaps. The present article provides a principle for nomenclature of the special-form perforator flaps and their derivatives, hence to facilitate the peer communications and clinical promotions.
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Abstract: During a taxonomic study of the genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936, taxonomic materials were located for N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, N. henseni and N. deitersi, and all had their status investigated. Inconsistencies were found and are reported in this note, from the original details to the current typological situation. Nomenclatural conformations and new types are specified. These reinforce the taxonomic validity of the species, recently redescribed in other research. Thus in this note the neotype to N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, and N. henseni, and provide a topotype to N. deitersi are defined.
Resumo: Durante o estudo taxonômico do gênero Notodiaptomus Kiefer (1936), N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, N. henseni e N. deitersi tiveram seus materiais taxonômicos localizados e investigados. Inconsistências foram observadas e são relatadas nesta anotação, desde os detalhamentos originais até a atual situação tipológica. Conformações nomenclaturais e novos tipos são especificados e reforçam a validade taxonômica destas espécies, neótipos para N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, N. henseni e topótipo para N. deitersi.
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BACKGROUNG: The eponymous Brugada Syndrome (BrS) in honor of its discovery as an independent entity by the Spanish/Catalan Brugada brothers, Pedro and Josep, has deserved numerous denominations derived mainly from the clinical genotype/phenotype correlation. The purpose of this manuscript is to present and analyze the nomenclatures that this intriguing and challenging syndrome has received over the past 28 years. We also compared the main features between cases from the first report of the Brugada brothers and an article by Martini et al. The nomenclatures used by these authors are closely linked to the BrS, but the cases (except one) presented in the article by Martini et al do not present the type 1 Brugada ECG pattern, which is mandatory for the diagnosis of BrS
INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Brugada (SB), em homenagem à sua descoberta como entidade independente pelos irmãos espanhóis / catalães Pedro e Josep Brugada, tem merecido inúmeras denominações derivadas principalmente da correlação genótipo /fenótipo clínico. O objetivo deste manuscrito é apresentar e analisar as nomenclaturas que esta intrigante e desafiadora síndrome recebeu nos últimos 28 anos. Também comparamos as principais características entre os casos do primeiro relato dos irmãos Brugada e um artigo de Martini e col. As nomenclaturas utilizadas por esses autores estão intimamente ligadas à SB, mas os casos (exceto um) apresentados no artigo de Martini e cols. não apresentam o padrão eletrocardiográfico de Brugada tipo 1, obrigatório para o diagnóstico da SB
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Phénotype , Terminologie , Mort subite , Diagnostic , Éponymes , Syndrome de Brugada , GénotypeRésumé
Transaminases are an industrially important class of enzyme, due to their ability to catalyse amination reactions for production of chiral amines, and are key building blocks of small molecule pharmaceuticals. We analysed the genome of strain GS115 of the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii, formerly known as Pichia pastoris, to identify the transaminase genes and propose a systematic nomenclature based on both phylogeny and structuro-functional features. K. phaffii is an increasingly attractive industrial host cell due to its ability to grow to high biomass, up to 60% wet cell weight by volume, using methanol as carbon source and inducer of transgene expression. Thirty-nine UniProt database hits were reduced to 19 on the basis of sequence similarity and hidden Markov model. Of the 19 genes, the open-reading frames of three (KpTam I-II.1b, KpTam I-II.7 and KpTam V.2) had strong homology with no characterized protein and four (KpTam III.1a, KpTam III.1b, KpTam III.2a and KpTam III.2b) had relatively high sequence similarity to x-type transaminases, a subtype that typically accepts the broadest range of substrates. Comparison with Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C suggested functions for KpTam I-II.1b and KpTam I-II.7. K. phaffii GS115 was originally generated by mutagenesis of K. phaffii CBS7435 and comparison revealed that one transaminase gene may have been deleted during this mutagenesis. These insights can advance fundamental understanding of yeast biology and can inform industrial screening and engineering of yeast transaminases
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Historical information on the probable type-locality of Pimelodus quelen and of its four junior synonyms that share the same neotype, Pimelodus namdia, Pimelodus sebae, Heterobranchus sextentaculatus, and Silurus rivularis, is presented and discussed. The neotype designation for those four species is deemed invalid for not complying with the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, making it technically possible to revalidate any of the four taxa from the synonymy of Rhamdia quelen without having to address the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. The type-locality of both Curimata gilbert and Callichthys asper are also restricted to rio Macacu at the village of Japuíba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.(AU)
São apresentadas e discutidas informações históricas sobre as prováveis localidades-tipo de Pimelodus quelen e seus quatro sinônimos juniores que compartilham o mesmo neótipo, Pimelodus namdia, Pimelodus sebae, Heterobranchus sextentaculatus e Silurus rivularis. A designação do neótipo para essas quatro espécies é considerada inválida por não estar em conformidade com as disposições do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, tornando tecnicamente possível revalidar qualquer um dos quatro táxons da sinonímia de Rhamdia quelen sem ter que apelar à Comissão Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica. As localidades-tipo de Curimata gilbert e Callichthys asper também são restringidas ao rio Macacu na vila de Japuíba, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.(AU)
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Animaux , Variation génétique/génétique , Poissons-chats/génétique , ZoologieRésumé
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the use of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) as a model for interoperability of the nursing terminology in the national and international contexts. Methods: This is an integrative literature review according to Cooper, which searched for articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between September 2011 and November 2018 in the BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, ending in a sample of 15 articles. Results: The SNOMED-CT is a multi-professional nomenclature used by nursing in different care contexts, being associated with other standardized languages of the discipline, such as ICNP®, NANDA-I, and the Omaha System. Conclusion: This review has shown that the use of SNOMED- CT is incipient in the national context, justifying the need to develop studies aimed at mapping the interoperability of existing systems of standardized language, especially NANDA-I, ICNP and Omaha System, in order to adapt the implementation of SNOMED-CT.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el uso de Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) como modelo de interoperabilidad de las terminologías de enfermería en el contexto nacional e internacional. Metodología: Se trata de revisión integradora de la literatura según Cooper, que buscó estudios en portugués, inglés y español, publicados entre septiembre de 2011 y noviembre de 2018 en las bases de datos BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, EMBASE y Web of Science, que culminó en una muestra de 15 artículos. Resultados: SNOMED-CT es una nomenclatura multiprofesional empleada por la enfermería en diferentes contextos de cuidado, asociado a otros lenguajes estandarizados de enfermería como CIPE®, NANDA-I y Omaha System. Conclusión: Esta revisión demostró que el uso de SNOMED-CT es incipiente en el contexto nacional, lo que justifica la necesidad de desarrollar estudios destinados a mapear los sistemas de lenguajes estandarizados existentes, especialmente NANDA-I, CIPE y Omaha System, con el propósito de adaptar la implementación de SNOMED-CT.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a utilização do Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) como modelo de interoperabilidade das terminologias da enfermagem no contexto nacional e internacional. Metodologia: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura segundo Cooper, que buscou artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados entre setembro de 2011 a novembro de 2018 nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, EMBASE e Web of Science, finalizando em uma amostra de 15 artigos. Resultados: O SNOMED-CT é uma nomenclatura multiprofissional utilizada pela enfermagem em diferentes contextos de cuidado, sendo associada com outras linguagens padronizadas da disciplina, como CIPE®, NANDA-I e Omaha System. Conclusão: Esta revisão mostrou que o uso do SNOMED-CT é incipiente no contexto nacional, justificando a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estudos visando o mapeamento dos sistemas de linguagem padronizadas existentes, especialmente a NANDA-I, CIPE® e Omaha System, para fins de adequar a implementação do SNOMED-CT.
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Humains , Systematized nomenclature of medicine (USA) , Terminologie normalisée des soins infirmiers , LangageRésumé
Some of the important work on taxonomy on aquatic and terrestrial beetles pertaining tothe present survey are done mainly by sharp (1890),Regimbert (1903), d’Orchymont (1925,1928)etc.These are predaceous in nature and overall 2 genera and 3 species concerning the super familyHydrophiloidea (Coleoptera : Hydrophlidae) tribe - Hydrophilinae were collected in the Kumaon ,Garhwal and Agra regions
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Abstract: Taxonomy of the genus Omicrogiton and Psalistrus from Kumaon & Garhwal regionsis described we have discovered O. insularis (D. Orchymont 1919) and P. championi (Champion1925) for the first time in Uttrakhand.
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Discussions about what is life continue to struggle; there are pros and cons for whether a virus is alive. However, an opposite thing –cell death –appears to be tantamount important and equally not-easygoing to define. Nevertheless, our current knowledgeabout eukaryotic cell death has made a long way and resulted in a fruitful outcome: starting from three types of cell death (type I, II and III which are mainly applicable to eukaryotic cells of organisms from the biological kingdom animalia) in 1970s, Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death has named already twelve cell death forms in 2018, including the above mentioned apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis among them. How the scientific attitude towards cellular demise evolved and various aspects of different cell death modes are reviewed in this article.
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Introduction The linguistic factor may have delayed the universal adoption of the International Anatomical Terminology (IAT), which was widespread in Latin and in English only. Independent translations are possible, but they are not devoid of methodological difficulties. Objective To estimate the usage of the translated version of the Terminologia Anatomica in neurosurgical articles in Brazil. Method Consecutive national publications were checked for the correspondence of their anatomical terms to the following categories: IAT Brazilian version; IAT in Latin; Nomina Anatomica previous versions; incomplete terms; derivative terms; eponyms; neologisms; and others (misspellings and prosaic terms). The years 2014 and 2015 were chosen for analysis so that included articles were published at least 16 years after the publication of the original IAT (1998) and at least 13 years since the publication of the Brazilian version (2001). Results Out of a total of 183 articles analyzed, 1,132 anatomical terms were identified, referring to 334 different anatomical structures. Most of the structures were described using terms from the Brazilian version of the IAT (n » 834; 73.7%). Those that did not belong to or did not derive from any version of the IAT totaled 281 (24.8%). The remaining 17 terms (1.5%) corresponded to words derived or provided for in the Latin IAT. No association was identified between the number of authors and any category of nomenclature. Conclusion Althoughmost anatomical structures cited in Portuguese were described in accordance with the Brazilian version of the IAT, the degree of adherence was considered moderate given that about one-quarter of the terms escaped this terminology.
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Traduction , Brésil , Anatomie , Neuroanatomie , Terminologie comme sujet , Loi du khi-deuxRésumé
In this study the aquatic Coleoptera species collected from various places of UttarPradesh and Uttrakhand states. Province in 1990 were evaluated. Over all two genera and 2species concerning the super family Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: sphaeridinae andHydraeninae) were detected in the area
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Background: To accost things in a particular disciple, egress related to Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and to standardize reporting pattern, a framework “Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology” (MSRSGC) has been sponsored. Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the potency of salivary gland FNAC reported under Milan guidelines, to calculate malignancy risk, and to compare the preoperative cytological diagnoses with the postoperative histopathological diagnoses. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective study over a period of 2 years (May 2016 to April 2018), which was classified according to Milan system and correlation with histopathology. Furthermore, the risk of malignancy was calculated for all the diagnostic categories. Materials and Methods: FNAC were analyzed on 105 patients with palpable salivary gland. Results were distributed into six categories. About 76 cases were surgically treated and resected tissues were submitted for histopathological examination. Statistical Analysis: The various diagnostic values of the procedure were calculated using the standard formula. Results: We reviewed 105 salivary gland FNA samples and recorded interpretations according to the proposed standardized six categories. Among them, category IV (neoplastic) had more cases (57.14%). The rates of malignancy in histology were as follows: (1) nondiagnostic, 0.0%; (2) nonneoplastic, 0.0%; (3) atypia of undermined significance, 50.00%; (4a) benign, 02.44%; (4b) uncertain malignant potential, 33.33%; (5) suspicious for malignancy, 100%; and (6) malignancy, 93.33%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of Milan system came out to be 85.00%, 98.14%, 94.44%, 94.64%, and 94.59%, respectively. Conclusion: The six-tier diagnostic categories of the Milan system helps in triaging patients with salivary gland swelling and thus facilitate individualized management.
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BACKGROUND: It is not possible to measure how much activity is required to understand and code a medical data. We introduce an assessment method in clinical coding, and applied this method to neurosurgical terms.METHODS: Coding activity consists of two stages. At first, the coders need to understand a presented medical term (informational activity). The second coding stage is about a navigating terminology browser to find a code that matches the concept (code-matching activity). Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) was used for the coding system. A new computer application to record the trajectory of the computer mouse and record the usage time was programmed. Using this application, we measured the time that was spent. A senior neurosurgeon who has studied SNOMED CT has analyzed the accuracy of the input coding. This method was tested by five neurosurgical residents (NSRs) and five medical record administrators (MRAs), and 20 neurosurgical terms were used.RESULTS: The mean accuracy of the NSR group was 89.33%, and the mean accuracy of the MRA group was 80% (p=0.024). The mean duration for total coding of the NSR group was 158.47 seconds, and the mean duration for total coding of the MRA group was 271.75 seconds (p=0.003).CONCLUSION: We proposed a method to analyze the clinical coding process. Through this method, it was possible to accurately calculate the time required for the coding. In neurosurgical terms, NSRs had shorter time to complete the coding and higher accuracy than MRAs.