The objectification of ashi point diagnosis and treatment / 中国针灸

Ashi points play a significant role in the clinical localization and qualitative diagnosis of acupuncture, as well as in selecting acupoints along the meridians and applying tonifying or reducing techniques. This paper introduces the theoretical basis and existing technical methods of objectification of ashi point diagnosis and treatment. It proposes that using sensory quantitative testing to determine the temperature and tenderness thresholds of ashi points could help to identify the pathological characteristics of "cold" "heat" "deficiency" or "excess" of ashi points. In addition, the possibility of objectification of ashi point diagnosis-treatment plan is explored from three perspectives, precision of selection of ashi point therapy, objectification of effect evaluation of ashi point analgesia, and differentiation of the studies on ashi point analgesic mechanism, aiming to provide new research ideas for the modernization of traditional Chinese acupuncture.

Teoría de las representaciones sociales: Una revisión de la literatura / Teoria das representações sociais: Uma revisão deliteratura / Theory of social representations: A review of the literature

Las Representaciones Sociales son un conjunto de conocimientos, opiniones e imágenes que nos permiten evocar un evento, persona u objeto en particular. Estas representaciones son el resultado de la interacción social, que son comunes a un determinado grupo de individuos. El representante principal de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales es Serge Moscovici. Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la Representación Social a partir de una revisión de la literatura sobre la a) Historia de la Psicología Social y de las Representaciones Sociales; b) Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales como una forma de conocerse a sí mismo; c) Representación social, historia y memoria colectiva del sujeto; d) Objetivación y anclaje: la dinámica sociocognitiva de las representaciones sociales; e) La Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales como metodología de investigación; y f) Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y la superación de algunas dicotomías AU

As Representações Sociais são oconjunto de conhecimentos, opiniões e imagens que nos permitem evocar um determinado acontecimento, pessoa ou objeto. Essas representações são o resultado da interação social, que são comuns aum determinado grupo de indivíduos. O principal representante da Teoria das Representações Sociais é Serge Moscovici. Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a Representacao Social a partir de uma revisão da literatura sobre a) História da Psicologia Social e Representações Sociais; b) Teoria das Representações Sociais como forma de se conhecer; c) Representação social, história e memória coletiva do sujeito; d) Objetivação e ancoragem: a dinâmica sociocognitiva das representações sociais; e) A Teoria das Representações Sociais como metodologia de pesquisa; e f) Teoria das Representações Sociais e superação de algumas dicotomias AU

Social Representations are the set of knowledge, opinions and images that allow us to evoke a particular event, person or object. These representations are the result of social interaction, which are common to a certain group of individuals. The main representative of the Theory of Social Representations is Serge Moscovici. This article aims to discuss Social Representation from a literature reviewon a) History of Social Psychology and Social Representations; b) Theory of Social Representations as a way of getting to know each other; c) Social representation, history and collective memory of the subject; d) Objectification and anchoring: the socio-cognitive dynamics of social representations; e) The Theory of Social Representations as a research methodology; and f) Theory of Social Representations and overcoming some dichotomies AU

New Proposals for Application of Terahertz Imaging Technique in Chinese Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

The rapid development of terahertz technology promotes the realization of various terahertz imaging systems. Terahertz technology features terahertz waves as good non-invasive illumination sources due to their high spectral resolution, penetration and safety. The terahertz imaging technique (TIT) has gradually been extended from the biomedical field to the field of Chinese medicine (CM), and it has become a powerful tool for seeking scientific evidence for CM theories with the use of modern science and technology. This paper reviews the current application of TITs in the field of CM research, and most importantly offers novel proposals for the application of TITs in CM research from the perspective of CM syndrome objectification and acupuncture research and cites existing reports as reference to the feasibility of these new proposals.

Trabajos originales

Resumo: A teoria da objetificação propõe que as experiências de objetificação sexual vivenciadas pelas mulheres levam à auto-objetificação: uma preocupação excessiva e prejudicial com a própria aparência em detrimento dos estados e competências corporais. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala de auto-objetificação corporal para universitárias brasileiras. A amostra foi composta por 400 mulheres, com idades entre 17 e 53 anos (M = 21,65; DP = 5,46), sendo a maioria graduandas do curso de psicologia (49%, n = 196). Análises fatoriais exploratórias (AFE) e confirmatórias (AFC) foram realizadas para verificar a estrutura do modelo. Os resultados suportaram uma estrutura com 13 itens e duas dimensões: Vigilância corporal e Vergonha Corporal, mostrando bons indicadores para validade e confiabilidade interna. Não houve diferenças significativas entre graduandas em psicologia e estudantes de outros cursos. Discute-se futuras aplicações do instrumento e possibilidades frente a investigação da auto-objetificação em contextos variados.

Abstract: The objectification theory proposes that experiences of sexualization lead to self-objectification in women: a harmful concern for their appearance at the expense of body states and skills. The research aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Body Objectification Consciousness Scale for female Brazilian university students. The sample was composed by 400 women, aged between 17 and 53 years old (M = 21.65; SD = 5.46), the majority of them were undergraduate psychology students (49%, n = 196). Exploratory (AFE) and confirmatory (AFC) factor analyzes were performed to verify the model's structure. The results supported a structure with 13 items and two dimensions: Body Surveillance and Body Shame, showing good indicators for internal validity and reliability. There were no significant differences between undergraduate psychology students and students from other courses. Future applications of the instrument and possibilities regarding the investigation of self-objectification in different contexts are discussed.

Resumen: La teoría de la objetivación propone que las experiencias de objetivación sexual vividas por las mujeres conducen a la auto-objetivación: una preocupación excesiva y dañina por su apariencia a expensas de los estados y competencias corporales. La investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de auto-objetivación corporal en una muestra de estudiantes universitarias brasileñas. Participaron 400 mujeres, de entre 17 y 53 años (M = 21.65; DT = 5.46), la mayoría egresadas de la carrera de psicología (49%, n = 196). Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) y confirmatorios (AFC) para verificar la estructura del modelo. Los resultados apoyaron un modelo con 13 ítems y dos dimensiones: Vigilancia corporal y Vergüenza corporal, mostrando buenos indicadores de validez interna y confiabilidad. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes de psicología y los estudiantes de otros cursos. Se discuten futuras aplicaciones del instrumento y posibilidades en la investigación de la auto-objetivación en diferentes contextos.

Relatos sobre el acorralamiento del mal / Stories about the cornering of evil

El texto presenta dos relatos de personas que tuvieron la dramática experiencia de la guerra en Colombia. Las vivencias de temor a la muerte, destrucción y exilio, los sentimientos de peligro y amenaza y la miseria que deja a su paso el odio invitan al lector a conectarse con la vida y la muerte presentes en cada fragmento de historia. Para comprender mejor cada una de las escenas narradas y explorar el origen del mal en ellas, se utilizó el esquema teórico del psicoanálisis de Freud y Green, en particular sus conceptos de pulsión de vida, pulsión de muerte, dimensión estructural (Yo, Ello y Superyó), objetalización, desobjetalización y negativización.

The text presents two stories of people who had the dramatic experience of war in Colombia. The experiences of fear of death, destruction and exile, the feelings of danger and threat and the misery left in its wake by hatred invite the reader to connect with life and death present in each fragment of the story. To better understand each of the scenes narrated and explore the origin of evil in them, the theoretical framework of Freud and Green's psychoanalysis was used, in particular their concepts of life drive, death drive, structural dimension (Ego, Ego and Superego), objectification, de objectification and negativization.

Cuerpo y cosificación sexual: percepciones en la comunidad indígena shuar

RESUMEN Objetivo: Traer a la comunidad científica las voces del pueblo Shuar, sus percepciones sobre los cuerpos y la cosificación sexual por la influencia de occidente en el contexto de la colonización y la globalización. Material y Método: Se aplicó el paradigma de investigación interpretativo, con enfoque cualitativo, mediante entrevistas en profundidad y un grupo focal. La muestra se seleccionó por conveniencia; participaron 24 personas: hombres y mujeres shuar del Cantón Morona entre los 14 a 60 años que firmaron consentimientos informados. Los discursos de los informantes fueron grabados, transcritos y procesados en Atlas ti, y analizados por las investigadoras. Resultados: Las personas shuar que participaron en la investigación perciben que la comunidad shuar ha sido absorbida por la lógica de occidente; reconocen la ideología capitalista globalizada por el consumo y materialismo; perciben que los cuerpos femeninos shuar, pero también los masculinos, se han cosificado, que los imaginarios juveniles apuntan hacia lo sensual y erótico, menos biológico; a la vez creen que los comportamientos sexuales han sido modificados por la influencia de la pornografía; evidencian la existencia de pornografía exótica; creen que la prostitución es abundante en la etnia shuar, pues ofrece una oportunidad económica y es mayormente voluntaria; se evidencia una conciencia social de resistencia de los líderes comunitarios y la generación adulta. Conclusiones: Los principales resultados dieron cuenta de una nueva conceptualización del cuerpo; se manifestó la cosificación sexual por la prostitución y pornografía.

ABSTRACT Objective: To present to the scientific community the voices of the Shuar people, their perceptions about bodies and sexual objectification caused by the influence of the Western World in the context of colonization and globalization. Material and Method: The interpretative research paradigm was used, with a qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews and a focus group. The sample was selected by convenience; 24 people participated: Shuar men and women from the Morona Canton in Ecuador, between the ages of 14 and 60, who had previously signed informed consents. The informants' responses were recorded, transcribed, processed in Atlas.ti software, and analyzed by the researchers. Results: The Shuar people who participated in the research perceive that their community has been absorbed by the logic of the Western World; they acknowledge the globalized capitalist ideology of consumption and materialism; they perceive that the Shuar female bodies, but also the male ones, have been objectified; that the juvenile mindset focuses more on eroticism and less in biological aspects; they also believe that sexual behaviors have been modified by the influence of pornography, evidenced by the existence of exotic pornography; they believe that prostitution is abundant in the Shuar ethnic group because it offers an economic opportunity and is mostly voluntary; a social awareness of resistance emerges from community leaders and the adult generation. Conclusions: The main results showed a new conceptualization of the body; sexual objectification was manifested by prostitution and pornography.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar à comunidade científica as vozes do povo Shuar, suas percepções sobre os corpos e a objetificação sexual causada pela influência do mundo ocidental no contexto da colonização e globalização. Material e Método: Aplicou-se o paradigma interpretativo de pesquisa, com uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e um grupo focal. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência e participaram 24 pessoas: homens e mulheres Shuar do cantão de Morona no Equador, com idades entre 14 e 60 anos que haviam assinado previamente o consentimento informado. As respostas dos informantes foram gravadas, transcritas e processadas no programa Atlas.ti, e analisadas pelas pesquisadoras. Resultados: O povo Shuar que participou da pesquisa percebe que a comunidade foi absorvida pela lógica do Ocidente, reconhece a ideologia capitalista globalizada do consumo e materialismo; percebe que os corpos femininos Shuar, mas também os masculinos foram objetificados e que o imaginário juvenil se concentra mais no erotismo e menos nos aspectos biológicos; também acredita que os comportamentos sexuais foram modificados pela influência da pornografia, evidenciada pela existência de pornografia exótica; acredita que a prostituição é abundante no grupo étnico já que oferece uma oportunidade económica e é principalmente voluntária; uma consciência social de resistência emerge dos líderes comunitários e da geração adulta. Conclusões: Os principais resultados mostraram uma nova conceituação do corpo; a objetificação sexual foi manifestada pela prostituição e pornografia.

Representaciones sociales de la violencia generada por el conflicto armado colombiano en estudiantes víctimas, de la institución educativa municipal Montessori del municipio de Pitalito-Huila / Social Representations of Violence Generated by the Colombian Armed Conflict in Student Victims, of the Municipal Montessori Educational Institution in the Municipality of Pitalito, Huila

Resumen La presente investigación tiene como propósito identificar las representaciones sociales hacia la violencia, de los estudiantes de la institución educativa municipal Montessori del Municipio de Pitalito Huila. Los estudiantes, a pesar de que tienen información de los hechos violentos a partir de sus familias, reflejan representaciones sociales hacia la violencia con imágenes de muer- te, asesinato, manipulación y privación, por cuanto fueron movilizados de sus asentamientos originales por los grupos armados. Igualmente, se perciben interpretaciones cognitivas de sentimientos de tristeza y miedo hacia la violencia y deducen que la paz podría ser una opción para evitar estas situaciones. Con respecto a las relaciones sociales u opinión del entorno hacia los hechos de violencia, los entrevistados expresaron que el entorno hizo caso omiso de la situación y los medios de comunicación nunca expresaron apoyos hacia las víctimas.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the social representations toward violence, of the students of the Municipal Montessori Educational Institution of the Municipality of Pitalito, Huila. Although, the students have information on violent events from their families, they reflect social representations toward violence with images of death, murder, manipulation, and deprivation, as they were mobilized from their original settlements by armed groups. Similarly, cognitive interpretations of feelings of sadness and fear of violence are perceived and infer that peace could be an option to avoid these situations. With regard to the social relationships or opinion of the environment toward acts of violence, the interviewees expressed that the environment overlooked the situation, and the media never expressed support for the victims.

Metáforas no processo de objetivação de representações sociais / Metáforas en el proceso de objetivación de representaciones sociales / Metaphor in the process of social representations objectification

RESUMO Este trabalho destaca o papel das metáforas no processo de objetivação de representações sociais, considerando-as noções-chave para a compreensão das teorias do senso comum. Hoje, com o surgimento contínuo de novos objetos sociais, as metáforas facilitam e economizam o tempo e o esforço cognitivo da pragmática comunicativa. A articulação proposta exemplifica-se a partir de pesquisa anterior, que utilizou a metodologia do Modelo da Estratégia Argumentativa (MEA) para a análise do discurso sobre o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA. Essa metodologia busca não só a estrutura do discurso, quer dizer os tipos de argumentos e sua força argumentativa, mas principalmente as intenções dos oradores, quando argumentam buscando persuadir um auditório específico. Os resultados evidenciaram metáforas usadas por diferentes grupos de agentes sociais, p. e, juiz como bombeiro, para organizar e justificar posturas e práxis relacionadas ao objeto ECA.

RESUMEN Este trabajo destaca el papel de las metáforas en el proceso de objetivación de representaciones sociales, considerándolas nociones básicas para la comprensión de las teorías del sentido común. Hoy en día, con el continuo surgimiento de nuevos objetivos sociales, las metáforas facilitan y economizan el tiempo y el esfuerzo cognitivo de la practica comunicativa. La articulación propuesta se ejemplifica a partir de la pesquisa anterior que utilizó la metodología del Modelo de Estrategia Argumentativa (MEA) para el análisis del discurso sobre el Estatuto de los Niños (Crianças) y Adolescentes - ECA. Esa metodología busca no solo la estructura del discurso, o sea los tipos de argumentos y su fuerza argumentativa, sino principalmente las intenciones de los oradores, cuando argumentan buscando persuadir a un auditorio específico. Los resultados ponen en evidencia las metáforas utilizadas por diferentes grupos de agentes sociales, por ejemplo, juez por bombero, para organizar y justificar actitudes y praxis

ABSTRACT This paper highlights the role of metaphors within the process of objectification of social representations, taking in account the key notions for understanding the folk theories. Nowadays, the continuous birth of new social objects the metaphors facilitate and economize time and cognitive effort of communicative pragmatics. Previous research utilized the Model of Strategy Argumentative (MSA) as a methodological way to analyze the discourse about the Child and Adolescent Law (CAL). This methodology seeks not only the structure of discourse, the types and strength of arguments, but also and mainly the speaker intention while arguing trying to persuade a specific auditory. Findings showed that different groups of social agents used metaphors like judge as fireman, to organize, orient and justify their posture and praxis related to the object CAL.

Introduction and reflection on the current status of objectification of Chinese pulse ;diagnosis / 国际中医中药杂志

This article classified and compared the latest researches on the objectification of pulse diagnosis based on its theory and purpose. It introduced the significance of objectification of pulse diagnosis, which also revealed the reason that hindered its development and applications in practice. The paper has an overview of its current status and some personal reflection on this issue.

Research Progress of the Modern Evaluation Methods of De Qi Sensation in Acupuncture and Moxibustion / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To introduce the research progress of the modern methods in evaluating de qi sensation in acupuncture and moxibustion, and to analyze the current research situation and major problems. Method The objective evaluation methods majorly used to estimate qi sensation were summarized. Result The currently used evaluation methods basically include scales and cerebral function imaging, while the rest methods are still in the beginning stage. Conclusion As a subjective feeling, de qi sensation is difficult to determine and quantify objectively, and there lacks an objective standard. The study on the mechanism of de qi sensation is relatively insufficient and superficial.

The objectification of human phenomena: observations in the light of Winnicott and Heidegger / A objetificação dos fenômenos humanos: um olhar à luz de Winnicott e Heidegger

In The Age of the World Picture, philosopher Martin Heidegger claims that scientific representations do not reduce themselves to pure appropriations of what they present. Rather, they convey investigations that confine being to rules of appropriation. Those rules govern how natural science accesses phenomena. The choice of natural science as the predominant mode of representation of reality entails what Heidegger calls a process of objectification (Vergegenständlichung). In his Zollikon Seminars, Heidegger questions the tribute paid by the sciences of the mind to the logic of the natural sciences, and stresses that Freud, by thinking of the mind as a machine driven by instinctive powers, assigns to human phenomena the objective features set by the natural sciences. This paper purports to show that Winnicott, by formulating a theory of personal maturing, disagrees with the objectifying requirements of the natural sciences. For Winnicott, traditional psychoanalysis uses categories that are inadequate for describing the changes babies undergo in the environment that gives them care and attention, because its analysis is confined to the field of libido relations. With that in mind, it is not possible to speak about human maturation processes using an objectifying language; Winnicott stresses (in The newborn and his mother) that "I cannot sacrifice a patient on the altar of science". This paper argues that Winnicott disagrees with the naturalistic imperative, which reduces the real to what is objective and places physics as a model for the sciences. The paper also broaches on the issue of how far the considerations of Heidegger and Winnicott regarding access to human phenomena allow us to discuss the current overwhelming process of medicating everyday life.

No texto A época das imagens de mundo o filósofo Martin Heidegger nos indica que a representação científica não se reduz a uma mera apreensão do que se apresenta, ao invés, equivale a uma investigação que faz com que o ente se domestique às regras de apreensão, posto que "o ataque das regras domina". Estas regras governam o modo como a ciência natural deve acessar os fenômenos. O que está implicado na eleição da representação científico-natural como índice hegemônico de acesso ao real é a execução do que Heidegger denomina de processo de objetificação (Vergegenständlichung). Na obra Seminários de Zollikon, o filósofo problematiza o tributo que as ciências dos fenômenos psíquicos pagam à lógica da pesquisa científico-natural e afirma que Freud, ao pensar o psiquismo como um aparelho regido por forças pulsionais, destina aos fenômenos humanos pretensões de objetividade afinadas às ciências da natureza. Com esse trabalho pretendemos indicar que Winnicott, ao formular a teoria do amadurecimento pessoal, não faz coro às pretensões objetificantes da ciência natural. Para Winnicott, a psicanálise tradicional serve-se de categorias que são incapazes de descrever as trocas que se estabelecem entre um bebê e o ambiente que lhe provê cuidados, afinal, reduz sua análise ao campo das relações libidinais. Posto que não é possível versar sobre o amadurecer humano munido com uma semântica que segue padrões objetificantes Winnicott, no texto O recém-nascido e sua mãe, afirma: "não posso sacrificar um paciente sobre o altar da ciência". Visamos, com esse artigo, indicar que Winnicott não faz coro ao imperativo naturalista que reduz o real ao objetificável e estabelece a física como a ciência emblemática. Pleiteamos, ainda, tematizar o quanto as ponderações de Heidegger e Winnicott em relação ao acesso aos fenômenos humanos nos permitem discutir o contemporâneo e avassalador processo de medicalização do cotidiano.

"Current Situation and Thinking on ""Odor and Taste"" Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Odor and taste are characteristic properties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). They are closely related to the chemical compositions in TCM. They are also the outer reflection of TCM quality and an important part of the character identification. This article reviewed the current research on odor and taste identification of TCM, which indicated that odor and taste identification had not been paid enough attention to and its research lagged behind modern social development. Based on current analytical techniques and methods, this article proposed a new idea for odor and taste identification of TCM. The idea emphasized the objectification of odor and taste and TCM identification research should be combined with chemical components analysis.

Objective and Quantitative Evaluation for Traditional Chinese Medicine Placebo / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Traditional Chinese medicine placebo has been put more and more attention to. However, there is no ac-cepted quality evaluation method for TCM placebo. How to evaluate TCM placebo objectively and quantitatively is a common problem in the industry of Chinese medicine. New technologies such as the Intelligent Sensory Technique have been used to establish the placebo evaluation methods which are suitable for TCM characteristics. This article provided the basis for establishing scientific, rational and objective evaluation guiding principles for TCM.

O caso Marylin Monroe: evidências da forclusão do sujeito e de seu ato / Marylin Monroe's case: evidences of the subject's Verwerfung and of its act

A objetivação da transferência sustenta uma posição epistemológica característica do discurso da ciência e implica a forclusão do real do sujeito e de sua verdade, excluindo a possibilidade do ato analítico. Para mostrá-lo, o trabalho utiliza dados biográficos e relatos das últimas sessões da análise de Marylin Monroe. Destaca que o masoquismo, vertente real do enlaçamento amoroso da atriz com o Outro, foi elidido em favor da interpretação simbólica do inconsciente e da transferência tomada como simples repetição das relações de objeto, com trágicas consequências para o sujeito.

The transfer objectification is based on an epistemological position characteristic of the science discourse and implies the Verwerfung of the subject's real and of its truth, excluding the possibility of the analytical act. To discuss it, this paper uses biographical data and reports of Marylin Monroe's last analytical sessions emphasizing that masochism, the real part of the actress' love engagements with the Other, was ignored in favor of the symbolic interpretation of the unconscious and of the transfer taken as a mere repetition of the object relationships, with tragic consequences on the subject.

Analysis of Path Model Based on Objectification Theory for College Women's Eating Disorder Symptomatology / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the fitness of a path model based on the objectification theory and to expand it by including the new variables to explain eating disorder symptomatology (EDS). METHODS: The subjects consisted of 444 college women. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires that measured self-objectification (SO), social physique anxiety (SPA) and EDS as the original variables in the objectification theory, and influence of mass media (IMM) and sex-role attitude (SRA) as the new variables. Data was analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 and Amos 5.0 programs. RESULTS: IMM and SRA showed direct effect on SO. IMM had direct and indirect effect on SPA and EDS. SRA had direct and indirect effect on EDS, but only indirect effect on SPA. SO and SPA influenced EDS directly, and SO influenced indirectly EDS. CONCLUSION: Path analyses indicated support for the original theory and the expanded theory. It is necessary for repeated studies including various age groups of women to clarify the applicability of the objectification theory to Korean women's eating disorders. And it were recommended that we should promote womens' criticism of the image and message about the perfect female body presented in the mass media, and to highlight the relationship of gender equality to women's eating disorders in health education.

Advanced Development of Multi-information Acquisition System on Pulse Tracings of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中华中医药杂志

According to the multi-information characteristic of pulse tracings in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the dynamic analysis and identification technique of sonogram,the multi-information detection system of pulse examination was constructed by combining B-type ultrasound and flexible transducer.It made information integration of supersonic dynamic image,pressure pulse wave,photoelectric capacity pulse wave and electrocardiogram,and though the aggregate analysis of computer information processing technique,established the pulse tracings signature analysis method,formed optimized solving scheme for describing the four attributes("location,velocity,shape and potential") of pulse examination in TCM.From the multi-information data of healthy people's pulse tracings collected by this system,it can be infer that the new method of objectification of pulse examination referred in this article is feasible,and have gain the prospective effect.It provides a new method and characteristic data for the clinical study of objectification of pulse examination and teaching of TCM.

Clinical observation on 213 cases of thick tongues in shape / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:Methods:To observe 213 cases of thick tongues in shape systematically by 30 kinds of thick tongues proposed in the Tongue Diagnostics and clinical observation.Results:After contrasting 213 patients with 200 cases of correlative disease,it has found that thick tongue is closely related to some syndromes and diseases,thus revealed that some diseases will cause blood stasis of superior vena cava,suffocating of the tongue lymph return-flow,increased power of the blood in the tongue tissue.Blood stasis in the tongue tissue,tissue edema and local exuded inflammatory pathological change in the tongue induced by the motion and sensory disturbance of the tongue muscle and nerve will lead to increased size and thickness of the tongue.Conclusion:The methods and data adopted in this paper provide significant reference in future study of tongue shape.

Relation between the Pressures in Taking Pulses and the Pulse Manifestation in Cun Guan Chi Regions / 中医杂志

Objective To explore the distinguishing method and threshold of optimum pulse pressures on Cun pulse and Chi pulse to solve the problem how to exert pressure upon Three Regions Pulse Detecting Instrument.Methods Totally 55 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were collected.The data of optimum pulse pressures on Cun Guan Chi of the same hand of the same tested person were collected respectively and the comparative analysis on the data was carried out.Results In normal subjects,the attenuation degree of optimum pulse pressures on Guan pulse compared with Cun pulse was 0.189?0.053,and the attenuation degree of optimum pulse pressures on Chi pulse in comparison with Guan pulse was 0.226?0.044.Conclusion Through calculating the attenuation degree of optimum pulse pressures reasonably,the identified threshold of Cun and Chi pulses can be judged from the threshold of Fu-superficial,Zhong-medium,and Chen-deep of Guan pulse.