RÉSUMÉ
Introduction: One third of people worldwide are affected with anemia, a condition that is incredibly common. Many times, it is minor and asymptomatic and doesn't need to be managed. Prevalence rises with age and is more prevalent in elderly, pregnant, and females of reproductive age.In people above the age of 85, the prevalence is higher than 20%.In the population of nursing homes, anemia occurs 50% to 60% of the time. A dietary deficit, such as a lack of iron, folate, or vitamin B12, is the main cause of anemia in the elderly, accounting for about one-third of patients. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract Terminalia cattapa on hematological parameters in phenyl hydrazine induced anemic Wistar rats. Methodology: Five (5) groups (A-E) made up of twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats were assigned at random. Phenyl hydrazine (PHZ) was administered intraperitoneally for seven days at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight to produce hemolytic anemia. Anemia was assumed to have been induced when the PCV of the PHZ-induced animals was compared to that of the healthy control (non-induced) animals 24 hours following the 7th day of induction. Treatment was administered orally over the course of 14 days using aqueous extracts of Terminalia cattapa leaf at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Results: The results showed no significant (p<0.05) difference in MCH, MCHC, platelets and MCV when compared with the normal standard and control, but displayed a significant (p<0.05) rise in RBC, WBC, Hb, and PCV. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Terminalia catappa aqueous extract, used in a variety of concentrations, may simultaneously interfere with the osmoregulatory and hemopoietic system of the blood and may be a panacea to anemia.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: During salt stress, the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii synthesizes tyrosine as a strategy to avoid the oxidation of proteins. Tyrosine reacts with nitrogen radicals to form 3-nitrotyrosine. 3-nitrotyrosine prevents the effects of associated oxidative stress and thus contributes to the high halotolerace of the yeast. However, the mechanism of how D. hansenii counteracts the presence of this toxic compound is unclear. In this work, we evaluated D. hansenii's capacity to assimilate 3-nitrotyrosine as a unique nitrogen source and measured its denitrase activity under salt stress. To identify putative genes related to the assimilation of 3-nitrotyrosine, we performed an in silico search in the promoter regions of D. hansenii genome. Results: We identified 15 genes whose promoters had binding site sequences for transcriptional factors of sodium, nitrogen, and oxidative stress with oxidoreductase and monooxygenase GO annotations. Two of these genes, DEHA2E24178g and DEHA2C00286g, coding for putative denitrases and having GATA sequences, were evaluated by RT-PCR and showed high expression under salt and nitrogen stress. Conclusions: D. hansenii can grow in the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine as the only nitrogen source and has a high specific denitrase activity to degrade 3-nitrotyrosine in 1 and 2 M NaCl stress conditions. The results suggest that given the lack of information on transcriptional factors in D. hansenii, the genes identified in our in silico analysis may help explain 3-nitrotyrosine assimilation mechanisms.