Résumé
Objective To explore the application and evaluation of S-P chart in analyzing examination papers of nutrition and food hygiene and improve the quality of examination.Methods 15 papers were randomly selected from 56 examination papers of nutrition and food hygiene and 5,4,5,1,0 were randomly selected from the students with scores of ＜60,60-69,70-79,80-89,and 90-100 with stratified samplingmethod.S-P chart and fuzzy S-P chart were drawn according to objective and subjective questions.Results In the S-P chart of multiple choice,both the P-curve and S-curve were in the lower right corner.There was no obvious fault on the S-curve,while P-curve had obvious faults.There were 2 questions and 1 student with alarm coefficient ＞ 0.75.The difference,difficulty coefficient,stability coefficient and suitability coefficient were 0.13,0.66,0.55 and 0.58 respectively.In the S-P chart of multiple choices,both the P-curve and S-curve were in the upper left corner.There was no obvious fault on the S-curve,while P-curve had obvious faults.There were 1 question and 1 student with alarm coefficient ＞ 0.75.The difference,difficulty coefficient,stability coefficient and suitability coefficient were 0.10,0.30,0.64 and 0.60 respectively.In the S-P chart of subjective questions,the difference was 0.275,and both the P-curve and S-curve were in the upper left corner and had no obvious fault.Conclusion The application of S-P chart can help teachers to analyze the difference between the quality of test questions and the grade of students,thereby making teaching more targeted and improving the quality of teaching and examination.
Résumé
Objective To explore the application value of control chart in the management of nosocomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU) by using quality control chart to monitor the infectionsin ICU.Methods From October 2011 to June 2016, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), namely the three catheters, occurred in ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were monitored and recorded monthly, then the data was imput into the Excel, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. According to the properties of the data, control chart was derived for monitoring nosocomial infections, finding out problems and for taking actions on time.Results From October 2011 to June 2016, the numbers of new patients in ICU were 23-103 cases per month and the median was 45.00 (39.00, 55.50) cases per month. The numbers of new VAP patients were 0-7 cases per month which median was 3.00 (1.00, 4.00) cases per month and the VAP rates were 0-22.58 cases per 1000 ventilation-days which median was 8.62 (3.28, 12.10) cases per 1000 ventilation-days. The numbers of new CLABSI patients were 0-3 cases per month which median was 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) cases per month and the CLABSI rates were 0-14.82 cases per 1000 catheter-days which median was 0.00 (0.00, 5.38) cases per 1000 catheter-days. The numbers of new CAUTI patients were 0-8 cases per month which median was 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) cases per month and the CAUTI rates were 0-14.06 cases per 1000 catheter-days which median was 3.02 (0.00, 5.86) cases per 1000 catheter-days. 57 points of the three catheter-associated infections incidences were continuously monitored monthly, in which some data points overstepped the warning limit, only 1 CAUTI infection incidence overstepped the control limit, the other monthly three catheter-associated infections incidences were in the control range and had no abnormal arrangement occurred, so all of them were in a controlled state. By using the control chart, the situation of nosocomial infections were analyzed scientifically and intuitively, the existing problems were discussed in time, the improvement programs were made, and the three catheter-associated infections were in a controlled state.Conclusion Control chart has the characteristics of simple operation, intuitive results, and finding problems on time, so it can be used in daily monitoring of nosocomial infection and is worthy of generalization.