The Effect of Parenting Stress and Acculturative Stress on Parenting Efficacy in Vietnamese Married Immigrant Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting stress and acculturative stress on the parenting efficacy of Vietnamese married migrant women. METHODS: A total of 130 Vietnamese married immigrant women were recruited from the Multicultural Family Support Center in U-city. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics of a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The scores of parenting and acculturative stress level were 2.62 and 2.87, parenting efficacy level was 2.98. The Aculturative stress experience was positively correlated with parenting stress (r=0.547, p < 0.001), Parenting stress experience was negatively correlated with parenting efficacy (r=-0.486, p < 0.001), and, acculturative stress experience was negatively correlated with parenting efficacy (r=-0.460, p < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis of acculturative (t=-2.891, p=0.005) and parenting stress (t=-3.818, p < 0.001) showed a significant number of factors that explain parenting efficacy. The model included the two independent variables of acculturation stress and parenting stress which were statistically significant (F=24.966, p < 0.001), and had a descriptive result of 28.5%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the need for development and implementation of mediation measures such as substantial, cooperative, and systematic parenting programs for women in Vietnam to promote regional community support.

The Relationship between Parental Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Characteristics, Executive Function and Parental Emotional Distress / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disease of high heritability. Parents of children with ADHD have high parenting stress and low parenting efficacy. In this study, we assessed parents' characteristics including inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, executive function, anxiety/depression severity level, child's ADHD symptom severity, and parents' emotional distress level. The relationships between severity of ADHD symptoms in children, cognitive and emotional characteristics in parents, as well as parenting stress and parenting efficacy were evaluated. METHODS: 96 parents participated in the study. Each parent assessed their child's ADHD symptom severity, their own ADHD symptom severity, as well as executive function, depression, anxiety, parenting stress and parenting efficacy. Collected data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean ADHD Rating Scale score of 53 children was 22.91 (±9.63). Of these, 26 (49.0%) were taking medication. Eight (8.3%) of the 96 parents had psychiatric illnesses and 12 (12.5%) had the possibility of ADHD. Mothers showed significantly higher levels of parenting stress (p < 0.001), depression (p=0.006), and parenting efficacy (p < 0.001) compared with fathers. The children's ADHD symptoms, severity, and parental depression were related to high parenting stress. The ADHD symptoms of parents were associated with high parenting stress (p=0.032). Parental executive function was significantly associated with low parenting efficacy (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Children's ADHD symptoms severity, parental depression and ADHD symptom severity were significantly associated with high parenting stress. Parental executive function was significantly associated with low parenting efficacy. In addition to treating the children with ADHD, evaluation and treatment of parents' symptoms is needed in order to reduce parenting stress and provide a stable parenting environment.

Parenting Stress and Efficacy of the Mothers of Children with Internet Addiction and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare levels of parenting stress and efficacy in mothers of children suffering from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internet addiction disorder (IAD), mothers of children with ADHD alone only, and those with normal children. METHODS: Participants were composed of 25 mothers of children with ADHD and IAD, 35 mothers of children with ADHD alone, and 50 mothers of normal children. They completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). RESULTS: In comparison with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD and IAD and the mothers of children with ADHD alone showed significantly higher levels of parenting stress and lower parenting efficacy. However, a comparison of mothers of children with ADHD and IAD with those of children with ADHD alone did not show any significant differences in their levels of parenting stress or efficacy. CONCLUSION: Mothers of children with ADHD, regardless of the presence of IAD exhibited a higher level of parenting stress and a lower level of parenting efficacy than mothers of normal children.