A comparative evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of saliva in children with and without Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a reversible and non-destructive form of periodontal disease. Oxidative stress contributes in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases5. The oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the important contributory etiologic factors in many of the oral inflammatory pathologies including gingivitis. This research analyzed the "Total antioxidant capacity" (TAC) of biological fluids including saliva. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in children with/ without gingivitis and its relation with Age and Gender. For measuring the TAC of saliva: Cayman's Antioxidant Assay Kit was used and Gingival Index Measured through The Gingival Index (Löe and Silness, 1963). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and making comparisons between cases and control by using SPSS software version 20. In this result, mean TAC of saliva in case children group was found lower 0.203 ± 0.053 compared to control children group was higher 0.236 ± 0.048. While, in male and female children of aged 3-5 years were found antioxidant activity (TAC) lower in compared to control groups. But among males aged 6-13 years it was found that the mean antioxidant capacity of saliva in case group was 0.259 ± 0.040 while in control group it was 0.295 ± 0.026. The TAC of saliva in males was found high compared to female. A weak negative correlation was found between the TAC and gingival index. In conclusion TAC decreases in children with gingivitis compared to healthy children. The gingivitis was more observed in female leading to lower TAC value

Analysis of CYP2D6 gene polymorphism of Chinese population in Hubei / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To preliminary study the distribution of CYP2D6 polymorphism in Hubei popula-tion ,with the intention of solid base for further applied research .Methods Venous blood was collected from 137 volunteers ,analysed CYP2D6 * 10 Gene Polymorphism by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method .genotypes can be distinguished by agarose gel electro-phoresis and gene sequencing .Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law could be used to detect whether the genotype distribution was balanced ,and chi-square test was used for verification ,and the results were compared with the previous literature .Results Among the 137 samples ,wild type (CC) was 35 ,the frequency was 25 .5% .Het-erozygote (CT) was 52 ,the frequency was 38 .0% .And mutant (TT) was 50 ,the frequency was 36 .5% .Also , Callele frequency was 44 .5% while the Tallele was 55 .5% .There was no statistical difference compared with previous studies (P＞0 .05) .Conclusion Since there is a high mutation frequency of CYP2D6*10 in Hubei population ,it is very necessary to carry out genotyping to guide clinical medication correctly .

Impact of CYP3 A5 genetic polymorphism on modified releasing tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in Chinese renal transplant recipients / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the impact of CYP3 A5 genetic polymorphism on modified releasing tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in Chinese stable renal transplant re-cipients. Methods Pharmacokinetics of once daily-ta-crolimus( tac-q. d. ) and twice daily-tacrolimus( tac-b. i. d. ) were determined by CLIA, CYP3A5 genotype was measured by PCR-RFLP. Each 10 patients receiv-ing tac-q. d. and tac-b. i. d. respectively were en-rolled, and each 5 patients receiving tac-q. d. were matched to poor metabolizer ( PM ) and extensive me-tabolizer ( EM ) group respectively according to CYP3A5 genotypes. Results AUC0~24 h for tac-q. d. was 1. 78 folds higher than AUC0~12 h for tac-b. i. d. , and dose-adjusted C0 was 40% lower for tac-q. d. than for tac-b. i. d. There were no significant differences for other parameters between the two groups; Cmax, AUC0~24 h and C0 were 1. 75, 1. 96 and 2. 49 folds higher for PM than for EM, and dose-adjusted Cmax, AUC0~24 h and C0 were 1. 80, 2. 34 and 2. 64 folds higher for PM than for EM. There were good correla-tions between AUC0~24 h and C0 for tac-q. d. Conclu-sion Conversion from tac-b. i. d. to tac-q. d. results in requirement of increased tacrolimus dose and detec-tion of CYP3A5 genotype, which is necessary for ensu-ring C0 in the range of therapeutic window.

A study on the molecular basis of quinolone resistance mechanism in salmonella typhi / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To study the relationship between the gene mutations of DNA gyrase subunit A(gyrA)and quinolone resistance in Salmonella typhi. Methods The genes of gyrA DNA of Salmonella typhi S275(a clinically isolated quinolone susceptible strain)and its spontaneous quinolone-re-sistant mutant RGl were examined in this study with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),restrictive frag-ments length polymorphism(RFLP),single strand conformational polymorphism(SSCP)and nucleotide sequencing. Results Nudeotide sequencing of gyrA in Salmonella typhi S275 revealed that the bases of 128～426 kept highly conservative as compared with those of Escherichia coli KL-16,with only 7.49%difference in the gyrA nucleotides 128～426 between the two strains.Most of the mutations were silent mutations,which contributed to 3 amino acid substitutions in gyrase(including Thr-45→His,Arg-49→Leu and Val-56→Gly),and all these substitutions were located outside the quinolone resistance determining re-gion(amino acids 67-106 of subunit A of gyrase).In comparison with Salmonella typhi S275,a single mutation was found at base 247 of gyrA of Salmonella typhi RG1,with change transferred from T to G and led to a substitution of Ser-83→Ala.The mutation might be responsible for the increase of MICs of nalidixic acid,ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Salmonella typhi from 2,0.06 and<0.03 to 512,2,and 1 mg/L respectively.Ser-83→A1a was also a newly discovered substitution in gyrA of Salmonella spp.The results of PCR-RFLP and SSCP were in concordance with results of nucleotide sequencing. Conclu.sions The mutation of gyrase at the 83rd amino acid maybe play a principal role in the resistance of Salmonella typhi to quinolone.

Relationship between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness Measured by Ultrasonography and Apolipoprotein E and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms in Diabetic Nephropathy / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the distribution of the polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E and angiotensin converting enzyme gene in patients with diabetic nephropathy and also evaluated possible association between the apolipoprotein E carriers and angioten-sin converting enzyme genotypes and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery. METHODS: Study participants were 92 patients with diabetic nephropathy(50 men and 42 women). Hb(A1C), albuminuria, and lipid status were assessed by standard laboratory techniques ; the apolipoprotein E carriers were assessed by modified amplification refractory mutation system and the angioten-sin converting enzyme genotypes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. The intima-media thickness was measured by high-resolution ultrasonography. RESULTS: The apolipoprotein E frequencies of patients were E2 8%, E3 76%, and E4 16%. The intima-media thickness varied by apo E groups. E2 group has less common carotid intima-media thickness than E3 and E4 groups(p<0.05). The angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes were distributed as follows ; 35% II, 49% ID, 16% DD. The intima-media thickness value did not differ among patients with various angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and apolipoprotein E genotypes were determinants for the intima-media thickness. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness in diabetic nephropathy. But, we could not find an association between carotid artery intima-media thickness and angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy.

Relationship of plasma homocysteine, polymorphism in its enzymes genes and cerebral infarction in the elderly / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To study the relationship of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), polymorphism in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cystathionine-?-synthase (CBS) genes, and cerebral infarction in the elderly. Methods 61 elderly patients with first-ever acute cerebral infarction and 57 controls were studied. The plasma Hcy levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). The polymorphism in MTHFR was determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and subsequent restriction enzyme digestion.CBS was determined by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Results The fast plasma Hcy levels were higher in the patient group compared with those in the control group [(13.07?3.96)?mol/L vs (11.51?3.90)?mol/L, P 0.05). There were no differences in the plasma Hcy levels among the different genotypes. Conclusions The MTHFR, CBS gene mutations cannot lead to hyperhomocysteinemia in the elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the independent risk of cerebral infarction, however, mutations only in MTHFR and CBS cannot be ascertained to be independent risk of cerebral infarction in the elderly.