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Objective: This study compared the regional-quota and general-selected medical students’ understanding, interest, and confidence in the community medicine practice and their attitudes toward the concept guidelines.Methods: We conducted a Web-based questionnaire survey regarding the understanding, interest, and confidence in future community medicine practice and attitudes toward concept guidelines among medical students of all grades (regional-quota and general-selected: n=82 and n=617, respectively).Results: The overall response rates were 68.5% (56/82) and 66.0% (409/617) in the regional-quota and general-selected groups, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of understanding (P=0.998), interest and confidence in future practice were significantly higher in the regional-quota group (both P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups for any of the six questions regarding community medicine guidelines.Conclusion: The understanding of community medicine or its conceptual guidelines did not significantly differ between the two groups; however, interest and confidence in future practice were significantly higher in the regional-quota group. These results suggest that the regional-quota system positively upregulates the interest in community medicine, which could be associated with confidence in future practice. Comprehensive and longitudinal improvements in the regional-quota system may be effective in cultivating community medicine.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical clinic service in medical institutions in China and provide experience and suggestions for promoting the development of pharmaceutical clinics. METHODS Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the development of pharmaceutical clinics in medical institutions of 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government） in March to April 2023， and the descriptive analysis was conducted. The regression analysis was carried out for the influential factors of pharmaceutical clinic service. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were distributed in this survey and 1 304 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective response rate of 95.32%. A total of 463 medical institutions carried out pharmaceutical clinic service， the rate of which was 35.51% （463/1 304）； the rates of pharmaceutical clinics in tertiary， secondary， primary and other medical institutions were 52.80%， 17.18% and 5.88%， respectively. The frequency of opening pharmaceutical clinics was 3.17 days per week on average， with an average of 5.99 visiting pharmacists in each medical institution. Among the visiting pharmacists， clinical pharmacists accounted for the vast majority （88.68%， 2 459/2 773）. There were various categories of pharmaceutical clinics， including joint clinics and pharmacist-independent clinics； among pharmacist-independent clinics， pharmaceutical specialty/specialty disease clinics were the main ones， accounting for 89.72% of the total number of pharmaceutical clinics. The value of pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics was manifested in various forms， among which the proportion of medical institutions charging pharmaceutical clinics was 10.80%. The main experiences in developing pharmaceutical clinics were to attach importance to discipline construction and personnel training. The main difficulties in developing pharmaceutical clinics were low compensation levels and a shortage of talent.The number of clinical pharmacists， the number of visiting pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics and additional compensation were positively correlated with the amount of pharmaceutical clinic services（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS In recent years， pharmaceutical clinics have made significant progress； in the future， it is still necessary to further strengthen discipline construction and talent cultivation， pay attention to the value embodiment of pharmacists， to promote the healthy development of pharmaceutical clinics.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and effects of periodontal endoscope (PE)-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) and traditional SRP on the psychological and quality of life of patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Patients with periodontitis who were treated in the Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from April 2018 to December 2022 with residual periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 5 mm) 6 weeks after traditional SRP treatment were enrolled, and the residual periodontal pockets were further treated with PE-assisted SRP (PE+SRP). After 6 weeks of traditional SRP treatment and 3 months of PE+SRP treatment, clinical indicators, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were measured, and periodontal tissue self-awareness scale scores, oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) score and dental fear scale (DFS) score were collected. Moreover, visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected after traditional SRP and PE-assisted SRP treatments.@*Results@#Twenty-three patients with periodontitis, including 832 sites of 486 affected teeth, were included in the clinical study. Three months after PE+SRP treatment, all clinical periodontal indicators, PLI (t = 9.254, P<0.001), PD (t = 50.724, P<0.001), CAL (t = 22.407, P<0.001) and BOP (t = 9.217, P<0.001), were significantly improved. Compared with traditional SRP (VAS: 2.48 ± 1.70), the pain caused by PE+SRP (VAS: 2.57±1.80) was not significantly different (t = 0,192, P = 0.850). There was no significant difference in the scores of the periodontal tissue self-awareness scale between the two groups (t = 1.485, P = 0.152). The OHIP-14 (SRP: 12.13±7.63; PE+SRP: 10.26 ± 5.25, t = -1.589, P = 0.126) and DFS (SRP: 40.70 ± 12.63; SRP+PE: 41.57 ± 12.61, t = 0.404, P = 0.690) scores were not significantly different.@*Conclusion@#All clinical periodontal indicators were significantly improved after PE-assisted SRP treatment of residual periodontal pockets, and compared with traditional SRP, PE-assisted SRP had no negative impact on the quality of life or psychological status of patients with periodontitis. Therefore, PE+SRP can be promoted in clinical practice.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among local residents in Yantai City, Shandong Province in 2021, so as to provide insights into formulation of anisakiasis control interventions. Methods Marine fishes were purchased from Shunxin Port, Yantai City, Shandong Province in November 2021, and the presence of Anisakis was detected in different species of fishes and different fish sites. The correlations between body length and weight of marine fish and intensity of Anisakis infections were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and the dietary habits and anisakiasis control knowledge were investigated using questionnaire surveys among local residents. Results A total of 201 marine fishes belonging to 20 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 77 marine fishes (38.31%) belonging to 11 species (55.00%), with a mean infection intensity of 45.04 parasites per fish (3 468/77). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the body length (rs = 0.74, P < 0.05) and weight (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) of the monkfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, and the body length (rs = 0.68, P < 0.05) of the flatfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, while no correlations were examined between the body length or weight of other marine fishes and the intensity of Anisakis infections. Of all respondents, 53.38% men and 56.67% women did not know anisakiasis control knowledge at all, and there was a significant difference in the proportion of respondents using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked food from different villages (χ2 = 17.89, P < 0.01), while there was an age-specific proportion of respondents with habitats of eating raw or semi-raw seafood (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were high in coastal marine fishes in Yantai City in 2021, and the awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge was low among local residents. Intensified health education pertaining to anisakiasis control knowledge is recommended to reduce the risk of Anisakis infections.
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India is the largest consumer of antibiotics in the world. High antibiotic consumption is linked to the emergence and community spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. It is well-established that antibiotic overuse is one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance, which is a major global public health challenge. Optimizing antibiotic usage is, thus, an essential issue. Before promoting and defining judicious antibiotic prescribing, it is crucial to analyze practitioners' diagnostic and prescribing practices. Hence, a nationwide retrospective questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 950 Indian doctors. This survey aimed to describe the approaches and practices of Indian doctors towards antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and compare practices with national guidelines. These are the most common reasons for primary health care consultations and significantly contribute to the overuse of antibiotics. According to the survey, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid remains the first-line antibiotic for URTI treatment. Third-generation cephalosporins were found to be the most prescribed antibiotics for PUO, uncomplicated typhoid and infections during pregnancy. Our survey results show that most of the clinicians in our study were well aware of the guidelines for antimicrobial use issued by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the nationwide problem of antimicrobial resistance. This study provides an important insight into the prescribing practices of antibiotics among Indian doctors.
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With people's attention and in-depth research on visual quality, many distinctive survey scales have been developed. The use of visual quality questionnaires is a subjective way to evaluate patients' visual quality, an expression of patients' self feelings, and an important part of reflecting visual quality. With objective detection methods, the results are more convincing. Many scales have been introduced into China and have been revised through translation, back translation, and cultural adaptation, playing an indispensable role in the visual quality evaluation system. It is particularly important to assess visual quality through psychological and sociological content, and whether the content can be appropriately combined with the subjective feelings of patients. The core of the visual quality of life survey questionnaire lies in its high repeatability. This article summarizes commonly used visual quality questionnaires, which have been verified in terms of validity, reliability, and responsiveness. The validity of the measurement scale, the consistency of the measurement results, the ability to reflect the smallest meaningful clinical changes after effective medical intervention, and the design characteristics, main application directions, and trends of the scale are listed to provide reference for clinical workers to choose appropriate survey scales.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the current usage status of OTC drug among residents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， and to provide evidence for the science popularization of rational drug use. METHODS By approximate random sampling， the questionnaire survey was conducted with the mini-apps Questionnaire Star among the residents aged 19 and above from 7 league or cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to investigate the current situation of OTC drug use in the region. RESULTS A total of 611 people filled in the questionnaire， and 571 people filled in the questionnaire effectively， with an effective filling rate of 93.45%. According to the results， 18.7% of residents said they did not understand the concept of OTC drugs， 36.1% of residents said they did not know the OTC drug label， and 65.3% of residents did not know the difference between class A and B OTC drugs in terms of OTC drug awareness. And there were statistically significant differences in the scores of OTC drug awareness among different genders， education levels， monthly income and places of residence （P＜0.05）. When choosing OTC drugs， 23.5% of residents still believed in advertisements or friends’ recommendations； 14.5% of the residents did not read the drug instructions carefully before taking drugs. In terms of drug risk， 5.1% of residents had long-term use of OTC drugs； 8.6% of residents reported taking three or more OTC drugs； 2.1% of residents often added other drugs with the same effect or increased the dosage by themselves. They took traditional Chinese medicine， Mongolian medicine and other preparations while taking OTC drugs， accounting for 19.6%， 22.6% and 13.0% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Residents in Inner Mongolia have low awareness of OTC drugs， and their habits of drug use need to be improved. Repeated drug use and overdose drug use are serious， it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and popularization of rational use of OTC drugs.
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Objective:To learn about the awareness, education status and willingness of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) among elementary school students in Guizhou Province, and to provide a scientific basis for exploring intervention strategies for health education of iodine deficiency in the future.Methods:From June 2021 to May 2022, each IDD monitoring county was selected from the east, south, west, north and middle directions of Guizhou Province, and one elementary school was selected from each county. All students in two classes of Grade 5 and Grade 6 were selected in whole groups to conduct on-site questionnaire surveys in the form of anonymous examinations. The survey mainly included general demographic information and IDD awareness, education status and willingness, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors.Results:A total of 1 259 elementary school students in Guizhou Province were investigated, the rates of awareness of IDD, acceptance of IDD publicity and education, and willingness to accept IDD publicity and education among elementary school students were 37.7% (1 900/5 036), 25.1% (316/1 259) and 69.6% (876/1 259), respectively. By binary logistic regression analysis, gender, residence, grade and father's education level were the influencing factors of pupils' awareness of iodine deficiency ( P < 0.05); residence, age and father's education level were the influential factors of elementary school students receiving iodine deficiency education ( P < 0.05); gender, residence, ethnicity and whether the child was the only child or not were the influential factors of elementary school students' willingness to accept IDD education ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The elementary school students in Guizhou Province have insufficient knowledge about IDD. The publicity and education for iodine deficiency prevention is limited, and the students' willingness to learn is not high. The publicity, education and intervention for iodine deficiency prevention among elementary school students should be comprehensively strengthened.
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Objective:To solve the problems of medical advanced mathematics learning for medical school students, such as high difficulty, tight school hours, poor learning interest and low acceptance of students, and to actively carry out online and offline hybrid teaching mode.Methods:A total of 243 students majoring in clinical medicine, biomedical engineering and information management and information system from 6 classes in Batch 2022 were selected as the study subjects (experimental group). A hybrid online/offline teaching mode combining self-made online learning resources and MOOC teaching resources of China University was specifically adopted. Teaching objectives were set and teaching resources were uploaded according to the teaching content before the class. Super Star Learning Platform was employed to issue pre-class learning tasks to help students study before class. During the lesson, teachers taught face-to-face, and released classroom questions and quizzes on the learning platform to test the learning effect in class. It was convenient for teachers to grasp students' learning situation and took timely teaching adjustments to help students successfully complete their learning in class. After the class, we released the videos of class lectures and post-class exercises on Super Star Learning Platform to help students consolidate their learning from class. We also set up a QQ group for the course in each class to facilitate communication with students after class and to answer questions. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct t-test. Results:The online and offline hybrid teaching effectively increased students' participation in class and greatly mobilized students' enthusiasm for learning, and the average teacher-student interaction in class increased from 6 to 10 times per session; the class attendance rate increased from 93.93% (232/247) to 97.94% (238/243); the homework submission rate increased from 92.71% (229/247) to 96.71% (235/243). After the course was finished, the final comprehensive scores of students increased from (81.27±4.56) to (89.52±3.42), with statistically significant differences ( t=8.25, P<0.001). Conclusion:The adoption of online and offline hybrid teaching not only has a benign effect on students' academic performance, but also stimulates students' enthusiasm to learn advanced mathematics to a greater extent, and subsequently expects students' ability to be further improved in applying mathematics to solve practical problems.
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Objective:To better understand the current status of master of public health (MPH) cultivation, establish a better training system, and improve its training quality.Methods:The students and teachers from many universities in Fujian province, as well as the public health workers, were investigated with a questionnaire on the "training model of master of public health", and SPSS 13.0 was used for data processing.Results:The survey results showed that 51.54%(67/130) of the survey respondents liked MPH major, and their understanding of MPH gradually increased with increasing working experience. However, there was no statistical significance in terms of the correlation between the abilities cultivated by the MPH training system and the working years. And 89.23%(116/130) of the survey respondents indicated that the direction of MPH training needed to be further refined, and the net promoter score for the evaluation of the MPH training model was -53.07%.Conclusion:At present, certain achievements have been made in MPH cultivation, and the development of MPH cultivation system needs more in-depth study.
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To clarify the educational effect of the acupuncture and moxibustion practical training for a short time, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 112 fifth-year medical students gathering clinical experience for one hour of acupuncture and moxibustion practical training, including the therapeutic experience before and after the practical training. In 8 items out of 10, the percentage of “positively yes” responses after the practical training were significantly higher than before the practical training. The items that showed a large difference (range of change) in the percentage of “positively yes” responses before and after the practical training were “Do you think it is scientific? (+ 47.4% after the practical training),” “What is your general image? (+ 39.3%),” and “Do you want to use acupuncture and moxibustion in the future? (+ 39.3%).” Securing more opportunities to learn traditional medicine is desirable; however, the problem of limited time and personnel requires improvement. This survey showed a beneficial educational effect in a short time signifying the importance of implementing acupuncture and moxibustion practical training. Additionally, the possibility of expecting similar effects in other medical students and overall students in the medical field can also be expected.
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[Objective] Instructional videos on five of the 17 acupuncture techniques (hereinafter referred to as "techniques") were created, and a questionnaire was distributed among acupuncture and moxibustion college teachers to evaluate the utility of the educational materials.[Methods] The sparrow pecking technique (straight and oblique stabbing), gyration, rotation and twisting techniques, as well as vibration stimulation, were performed and the hand was simultaneously imaged with a diagnostic ultrasound device and filmed with a video camera. The questionnaire and a QR code for viewing the videos were sent to training schools by mail. The questionnaire included open-ended and multiple-choice questions regarding the teaching status of the techniques, changes in perception of the techniques after viewing the video, and the value of using the video as a teaching tool.[Results] Responses were received from nine schools (14 teachers). Each technique was taught only once at five of the schools. For all the techniques featured in the videos, not all the respondents answered that the subcutaneous and muscular tissue movements were consistent with their perceptions. Meanwhile, only 35.7% of the respondents had perceptions that were congruent with the video on vibratory stimulation. According to 78.6% of the respondents, instructional videos on these techniques were deemed to be necessary.[Discussion and Conclusion] The minimal repetition on the education of acupuncture and moxibustion techniques implies a lack of emphasis regarding these skills. The dissonance between the subcutaneous and muscular tissue movements that were familiar to the instructors and those discussed in the video highlighted the significant differences in skills training among the various training institutions. Based on this feedback, instructional videos can be considered essential in accurately teaching acupuncture and moxibustion techniques by providing visual aids.
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Objective To understand the current status of surgical treatment for hemophilia osteoarthropathy (HO) in China. Methods Using an online questionnaire, select domestic hospitals that partici-pated in the compilation of the 'Guideline for perioperative management of hemophilia patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery in China ', in addition to members of the National Joint Surgery Group, and the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Association for targeted investigation and analysis. Results A total of 17 domestic hospitals were included, all of which were general hospitals. Hospitals that started HO surgery treatment before 2000 accounted for 35.29%. A total of 3057 surgical cases of HO were reported by those hospitals. The most commonly performed surgical procedures were hip and knee joint replacement. The most commonly used coagulation factor replacement regimen was recombinant coagulation factor preparation. Ten hospitals reported finding patients with transfusion-related infectious diseases. Bleeding and hematoma formation were the most frequently reported surgical complications. Excessive length of hospital stay and high economic costs were the most frequently reported problems. Conclusions Surgical treatment for HO in 17 hospitals is mainly carried out in some large comprehensive medical centers in the eastern region. Compared with the patient base, the popularity and number of surgeries are still relatively insufficient. It is necessary to further standardize the treatment system by standardizing factor replacement and strengthening rehabilitation to improve surgical treatment outcomes.
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【Objective】 To explore the current status of positive psychological qualities among college students who had participated in voluntary blood donation in Changsha area, so as to demonstrate that scientific blood donation can promote mental health. 【Methods】 From May to June 2022, 1 440 college students in Changsha was selected as the research subjects by stratified random sampling method. They were divided into groups based on their experience of blood donation. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, the Chinese College Student Positive Psychological Product Quality Scale, and the Repeated Blood Donation Behavior Survey Scale. 【Results】 There were differences in the six dimensions of positive psychological quality among different family and friends in terms of their support for blood donation, blood donation status among different family members, understanding of voluntary blood donation knowledge (P<0.05). There were differences in positive psychological qualities among different levels of blood reimbursement experiences (cognitive dimension, moderation dimension, transcendence dimension), different blood donation times (moderation dimension, interpersonal dimension), different blood donation volumes (moderation dimension, fairness dimension), different comprehensive blood donation experiences (moderation dimension, transcendence dimension, interpersonal dimension, emotional dimension) and reasons for blood donation (cognitive dimension, moderation dimension, interpresonal dimension, emotional dimension, fairness dimension)(P<0.05). The positive psychological quality of college students was positively correlated with their intention to repeat blood donation behavior (P<0.01), and the difference was statistically significant. 【Conclusion】 The positive psychological quality of college students with blood donation experience in Changsha surpassed those without blood donation experience, and their positive psychological quality was positively correlated to their intention to repeated blood donation. Therefore, it is recommended to encourage voluntary blood donation among college students.
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Objective To investigate the awareness of the Radiation Shielding Requirements for Radiotherapy Room–Part 2: Radiotherapy Room of Electron Linear Accelerators (GBZ/T 201.2—2011) among relevant practitioners in medical institutions as well as its implementation and application situation and collect relevant problems and suggestions for an evaluation of the scientificalness, standardization, and timeliness of the standard, and to provide a scientific basis for the further revision and implementation of the standard. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted among relevant employees in medical institutions providing medical linear accelerator radiotherapy across 22 provinces of China, which investigated the awareness, training, application, and revision suggestions related to GBZ/T 201.2—2011. The questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 340 relevant practitioners filled out the questionnaire. Of the participants, 66.80% were physicists; 79.11% had an awareness of the standard; 56.18% ever participated in the standard-related training; but the survey results showed that the practitioners did not have a good knowledge of the standard’s content, and the training and promotion were not enough; 83.24% thought that the standard had been widely used; 17.60% thought that the standard needed to be revised; 76.76% thought that there was a need to add calculation examples; 88.82% thought that neutron shielding needed to be considered for the 10 MV X-ray accelerator room. Conclusion The standard has been widely known in the field of radiotherapy protection. With the development of radiotherapy technology, the standard should be revised to add calculation examples and consider neutron shielding in the 10 MV X-ray accelerator room. The standard is highly technical and difficult to grasp, so the promotion and implementation goals should be appropriate for different personnel groups, the training for employees at key posts should be strengthened, and the methods recommended in the standard should be uniformly used throughout the country.
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Objective: Adverse reactions are sometimes induced by contrast media used for medical imaging and can be life-threatening. Thus, appropriate management is important for patient safety. The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual management of adverse reactions induced by contrast media in hospitals, the opportunities for intervention by hospital pharmacy departments and the attitudes of hospital pharmacists regarding the risk of adverse reactions.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in the pharmacy departments of 16 hospitals (approximately 200 to 1,000 beds) located in the Tokyo metropolitan area of Japan. The survey asked about the presence or absence of internal rules or manuals regarding contrast media administration at each hospital, the management status of patients with risk factors for adverse reactions, the opportunities for interventions by pharmacists, and the opportunities for discussion regarding contrast media administration among pharmacists and other professionals.Results: Of the 16 hospitals, 10 responded to the questionnaires, and 7 of them had internal rules or manuals. These rules or manuals stipulated actions such as “do not administer contrast media” to patients with risk factor(s) for adverse reactions. For inpatients, there were opportunities for pharmacist interventions, such as drug management and guidance services and initial interviews upon hospital admission. However, for outpatients the opportunities for interventions were limited. At 5 of the 10 hospitals, pharmacists discussed contrast administration with physicians, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals.Conclusion: The present study reveal that many hospitals take great care in deciding on the administration of contrast media to patients at risk of adverse drug reactions. Our results indicate that the limited opportunities for “outpatient intervention" is an issue in the hospital pharmacy department's participation for proper use of contrast media.
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Objectives: A refill-prescription system startedin April, 2022 in Japan. Refill-prescriptions can be usedrepeatedly, but pharmacists are required to check patients' medication and determine whether refills are appropriate. This study aimed to clarify the actual status of community pharmacies' treatment of prescription refills and pharmacists’ concerns about them.Design: Questionnaire survey.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for pharmacists at community pharmacies from June to July, 2022, shortly after the refill-prescription system was launched, focusing on handling of prescription refills in community pharmacies, and concerns and challenges about refill-prescriptions.Results: Responses were obtainedfrom 377 pharmacists in 34 prefectures throughout Japan. Among them, 30.8% had received refill-prescriptions. Many pharmacists checked medical histories, changes in patients' symptoms, and medication and medical examination status when determining the appropriateness of refills, but few reviewed past laboratory values or laboratory values measuredby patients themselves at the time of their pharmacy visit. Moreover, 34.8% of the pharmacies had internal rules for dealing with refills, and 39.8% had equipment to measure laboratory values. Many pharmacists were concerned about how to share patients’ information with other pharmacies. Challenges that were identified included “Determining whether the refill is appropriate for the patient” and “Establishment of a pharmacy system to receive refill-prescriptions”.Conclusion: This study clarified the actual status of community pharmacies handling of prescription refills, and pharmacists' concerns or challenges about them. Potential improvements include increasing the number of devices that can measure laboratory values at pharmacies, improving home-use measuring devices, creating guidelines to determine the appropriateness of prescription refills and improving pharmacists' skills.
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Lately, there has been a trend towards integration among cardiovascular surgery institutions. However, local institutions continue to play a crucial role in community-based medicine, given the emergent nature of cardiovascular diseases and the challenges involved in transporting patients with such conditions over long distances. We present the results of a questionnaire survey we conducted to examine the current status and issues faced by cardiovascular surgery institutions in community-based medicine.
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Introduction: In Japan, online medical care for emergency contraceptives (ECP) was approved in 2019, but only trained pharmacists can fill the prescriptions. Pharmacists are required to confirm necessary information and provide medication counseling and psychological support for women. The government mentions the need for future consideration regarding over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the awareness and efforts of pharmacists regarding ECP through a questionnaire survey.Methods: A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted involving 229 randomly selected pharmacists.Results: The self-assessment of pharmacists' ECP-related knowledge was low, especially their lack of knowledge of the mechanism of action (31.9%). It was also suggested that 60.3% of pharmacists were concerned about women's psychological support. No pharmacist requested an ECP prescription through online medical care, but 46.9% wanted to attend a training session in the future and request a prescription. A total of 44.5% of pharmacists were against OTC conversion of ECP.Conclusion: At this point, many pharmacists are worried about ECP-related knowledge and the psychological support of patients. Common patient-handling procedure manuals and explanatory documents are required to appropriately respond to patients'. Additionally, improving the knowledge and preparation of pharmacists for OTC drugs was considered necessary.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on home care at the end of life and the satisfaction of bereaved families. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 100 bereaved families of terminal cancer patients who were receiving home care. The effects of the COVID-19 on at-home medical treatment and the rate of satisfaction of bereaved families were examined. The response rate for this survey was 72.0%. Of the respondents, 52.8% of the bereaved families answered that the COVID-19 had an effect on their decision to choose home care. The rate of satisfaction of bereaved families was 98.6%. Even for terminal cancer patients who chose home care in the era of COVID-19 at our hospital, we were able to achieve high level of satisfaction for bereaved families.