Interpretation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (V) / 实验动物与比较医学

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist that is applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as enhance the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translation of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and completeness of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is based on the best practices following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, and it interprets, explains, and elaborates in Chinese the fifth part of the comprehensive version of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (the original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). This section includes the items 6-11 of Recommended 11 section, covering "Animal Care and Monitoring", "Interpretation/Scientific Implications", "Generalisability/Translation", "Protocol Registration", "Data Access" and "Declaration of Interests". Its aim is to promote a comprehensive understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines among domestic researchers, to enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and to promote high-quality development of experimental animal sciences and comparative medicine research in China.

Adoption of Recommended Package of Practices of Chickpea Varieties (JG-11 and JAKI 9218) in Dharwad District of Karnataka, India

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is mainly a rabi season crop of India grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions under various cropping systems and a major pulse crop in Karnataka state. JG-11 and JAKI-9218 are two prominent chickpea varieties cultivated by farmers in Dharwad district along with Annigeri-1 (local variety). The study throws light on profile characteristics and level of adoption of recommended package of practices of the above chickpea varieties. The study was conducted in Dharwad, Navalgund and Kundagol taluks of Dharwad district of Karnataka state during 2020-21 with a sample of 135 chickpea farmers. “Ex-post facto” research design was employed for the study. The data was elicited through personal interview method. Nearly half (48.89 %) of chickpea farmers belonged to low adoption category of recommended chickpea package of practices followed by medium (36.30 %) and high (14.81 %) categories. The probable reasons for low to medium adoption of recommended practices because majority of the farmers are not aware of the recommended package of practices and also farmers expressed disbelief towards the recommended package of practices because if they practice other methods, they have a fear of losing the yield.

Actual dietary intake versus dietary recommendation among patients with chronic kidney disease!-an observational study

Background: As diet is an important component of chronic kidney disease management. It is important to understand the actual dietary intake of these patients and see if they are able to meet their respective recommended dietary allowance (RDA), failing which they are predisposed to malnutrition. Hence the study was carried out to assess the actual dietary intake of the subjects with chronic kidney disease to understand the gap between recommendation and actual intake. Aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake of patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: Patients with chronic kidney disease in stages 3 and 4 were recruited based on the inclusion criteria and the information on demographics, medical history, subjective data and seven-day dietary recall were obtained. The quantitative and qualitative estimation of the seven-day dietary intake was computed using “Dietcal” software. Results: Anorexia was observed among 54% of the study participants. The mean calorie, protein and carbohydrate intake was 959.69±166.49 Kcals, 27.94±5.36 g and 160.5±26.7 g respectively while mean intake of sodium, potassium and phosphorous were 88.65±42.88 mg, 944.5±188.69 mg and 560.77±127.64 mg respectively. Conclusions: The actual dietary intake was lesser than the recommended intake as influenced by anorexia, dysguesia, early satiety and dietary restrictions. Poor nutrient intake per se is the primary influential factor in the onset of malnutrition. Hence, it is important to adopt customized approach rather than generalized nutrient restrictions imposed upon these patients.

Macronutrient intake in dyslipidemia: a population-based study from Haryana, North India

Background: Dyslipidemia is a highly prevalent physiological condition and it is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Diet as a modifiable factor gaining more scientific attention in managing the problem of dyslipidemia among vegetarian populations in order to reduce the burden of CVDs. Methods: The present study was conducted on a total of 497 adult participants of either sex recruited randomly from Palwal Haryana, North India. Data related to socio-demographic variables was collected by using pretested and modified interview schedules. Dietary data was collected by using validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and entered and analyzed by using Dietcal software. Lipid profile was done on 12 hours overnight fasting blood samples by using commercial kits Randox, USA. All the statistical tests were performed by using IMB’s SPSS software version 22. Results: Adjusted odds ratio revealed that total fat intake was positively associated with TG and VLDL while carbohydrate intake was found to be positively associated with TG, low-HDL, LDL, and VLDL. >3 times intake of RDAs for total fats and carbohydrates posed 2.4 and 2-folds increased risk for high TG and VLDL. Conclusions: Present study suggested a positive association between the intake levels of macronutrients and elevated lipids. Nutritional education and promoting diet diversity among vegetarian populations may reduce the burden of dyslipidemia.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield Parameters of Maize (Zea mays.) (Poaceae)

Aim: To study effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.).Study Design: A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm, school of agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India during kharif season of 2022.Methodology: The experiment trail was laid out in randomized block design. It consisted of three replications with ten treatment combinations i.e. T1- 100% Recommended dose fertilizers (RDF) + Farmyard manure(FYM)15 t ha-1;, T2- 100% RDF + Vermicompost7.5 t ha-1;, T3-100% RDF + seed priming with Biofertilizers (Azotobacter), T4- 75% RDF + FYM 11 t ha-1;, T5- 75% RDF + Vermicompost 5.6 t ha-1;, T6-75% RDF +seed priming with Biofertilizers (Azotobacter);,T7- 50% RDF basal dose + Nano urea spray 0.15% (25 and 50 Days After Sowing);, T8- 50% RDF basal dose + Nano urea spray0.30% (25 and 50 DAS);, T9- Vermicompost 3.5 t ha-1 + seed priming with Biofertilizers (Azotobacter); T10- control.Results: The results showed that application of T2 100% RDF + Vermicompost 7.5 t ha-1 had significant effect on growth and yield of maize. The plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation were also significantly higher in T2followed by T1100% RDF + FYM 15 t ha-1. The highest grain yield (64.36 q ha-1) was obtained in T2 followed by T1 (63.6 q ha-1), T3 (57.92 q ha-1) andT8 (56.16 q ha-1).Conclusion: Overall, the results and the study suggest the use of integrated nutrient management can improve the growth and yield of maize and provide sustainable solution to meet the nutrient requirements of the crop.

Effect of Different Levels of Controlled Release Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Red Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Var Kashi Lalima under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition

About 40-70% of conventional fertilizer is wasted due to leaching causing environmental issues. Controlled release fertilizers provide a promising solution as they gradually release nutrients to match the crop's nutrient requirements, improving nutrient uptake efficiency and reducing nutrient losses. The Experiment was carried out During March To June 2021-22, using a randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments, including a control using the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). The statistical analysis of the variance showed that the use of CRF had a significant effect on the growth, yield, and quality of red okra. Among the different levels of CRF used, treatment T7 (11g CRF/plant) performed the best in terms of growth parameters such as plant height and number of leaves. Treatment T2 (7g CRF/plant) was found to perform the best in terms of earliness parameters. Treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) had the highest yield with 14.30 t/ha. Treatment T6 (10g CRF/plant) was found to be the best for quality parameters. The highest benefit-cost ratio was recorded in treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) which is 4.7. From the present investigation, it is concluded that, CRF can be used efficiently for higher crop production.

Nano Nitrogen for Increasingyield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in the cultivation of crops, excessive and improper usage of fertilizers cause severe issues with respect to human and environment. It is essential to go for alternative sources of nitrogen like nano nitrogen with slow and controlled release of nitrogen.An experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, during kharif 2022 by using the nano source of nitrogen in maize crop.The experiment was laid out in the randomized block design with eight treatments replicated thrice.Among the different combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers along with nano urea the treatment applied with 100% N+Nano N applied twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing(T6) was thebest treatmentin terms of growth and yield (7.2 t/ha).

Study of Different Sources of Organic Manures in Comparison with RDF on Growth and Yield of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the different sources of organic manures in comparison with recommended dose fertilizer (RDF) on greengram at South farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, India. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice during kharif and rabi seasons of 2022. The field study comprised of nine treatments, two organic treatments with sole organic manures at 100% on N equivalent basis (vermicompost, farmyard manure) another three treatments consisted of 25%, 50% and 75% combination of each manure. These two organic manures (vermicompost, farmyard manure) were combined with 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizers (12.5:25:12.5 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) as a combination of organic and inorganic treatments and one sole 100% inorganic treatment through inorganic fertilizer (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1). A control treatment was maintained in the layout to compare the performance of all the treatments. The results showed that among the different combinations of organic and inorganic treatments, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer through inorganic (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) (T7) fertilizer significantly enhanced the growth and yield of greengram which was closely followed by vermicompost 100% on N equivalent basis.

Effect of Spacing and Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Summer Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

A field experiment was carried out in Zaid 2022 at the Department of Agronomy's Agricultural Research Farm in Prayagraj (U.P).The three planting geometries used in the experiment are 30 cm x 10 cm, 40 cm x 10 cm, and 50 cm x 10 cm. There are three nitrogen management treatments used in the experiment: 50% of the Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) through inorganic fertiliser, 50% of the RDN through inorganic fertiliser in combination with 50% of Nitrogen provided through FYM with Azotobacter seed inoculation, and 50% of the RDN through inorganic fertiliser. Ten treatments were duplicated three times in the randomised block design of the experiment. Findings showed that 30x10cm spacing ,Maximum plant height (124.48 cm), dry weight (29.85 g), number of capsules/plant (78.69), number of seeds/capsule (36.39), and seed yield (552.38 kg/ha) were obtained with 5% RDN + 50% N via FYM + Biofertilizer (Azotobacter).

Fatores associados ao consumo de açúcares de adição de idosos da região de Campinas-SP, Brasil / Factors associated with added sugar consumption of older adults from the region of Campinas-SP, Brazil

Resumo A alimentação adequada tem profundo impacto na saúde dos idosos, e uma especial atenção deve ser dada ao consumo de açúcares de adição na dieta, que em excesso está associado a pior controle das doenças crônicas nesta fase. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência do consumo de açúcares de adição de idosos da região de Campinas-SP, seus fatores associados e suas principais fontes alimentares. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado na região de Campinas-SP, com amostra de conveniência de 586 idosos. O consumo foi obtido por meio de dois recordatórios de 24 horas, sendo inadequado se >5% do consumo energético total. Também foi calculada a contribuição dos alimentos em relação ao teor total de açúcares. Considerou-se nível crítico de p<0,05. O consumo médio de açúcares de adição estava acima do recomendado (7,0%), inadequado em mais da metade da população estudada, sendo o açúcar de mesa e o mel as principais fontes dietéticas. A prevalência de inadequação do consumo foi maior entre mulheres (69,8%; p=0,004) e em indivíduos com baixo peso (83,7%; p=0,014), e o consumo foi menor em portadores de diabetes (47,8%; p<0,001). Os resultados apontam para que sejam elaboradas ações de saúde e nutrição a fim de garantir um consumo adequado de açúcares nesta fase.

Abstract Adequate nutrition has a profound impact on older adults' health. Therefore, special attention should be given to the dietetic intake of added sugars, which in excess is associated with poorer control of chronic diseases in this phase. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of consumption of added sugars in older adults in the Campinas-SP region, its associated factors, and its main dietary sources. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the region of Campinas-SP, with a convenience sample of 586 older individuals. Intake was obtained using two 24-hour food recalls, and values >5% of total energy consumption were considered inadequate. The contribution of the groups and foods in relation to the total content of sugars was also calculated. A critical level of p<0.05 was considered. The average intake of added sugars was higher than recommended (7.0%), and this inadequacy was observed in more than half of the sample, being table sugar and honey the main dietary sources. The prevalence of inadequate consumption was higher among women (69.8%; p=0.004) and individuals with low weight (83.7%; p=0.014), and lower in those with diabetes (47.8%; p<0.001). Results indicate that health and nutrition actions should be developed to ensure adequate sugar intake at this stage.

Assessment of Growth Parameters in Oats (Avena sativa L.) with Application of Nano Urea Fertilizer: A Field-based Study

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nano nitrogen on various growth parameters of oats leads to growth and yield, including plant height, plant population, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and the total number of tillers per plant. During the study, growth parameters were recorded at 30 days after sowing and after the I and II cuts. Results revealed that 30 days after seeding, applying 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through Urea and 75% RDN with 25% nitrogen through Nano-N resulted in significantly greater plant heights as compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. Similarly, these treatments also had significantly higher plant heights during the I and II cuts. The number of leaves significantly increased with the application of nitrogen through all sources, either individually or in combination, highest number of leaves was observed when 100% RDN was applied through Urea or when 75% RDN was applied combined with 25% nitrogen through Nano-N. The leaf length and width of the oats were also significantly improved by nitrogen management practices, with the maximum leaf length observed when 100% RDN was applied through Urea or when 75% RDN was applied combined with 25% nitrogen through Nano-N. Similarly, the highest leaf width was observed with the application of 100% RDN through Urea at all stages, while 75% RDN + 25% Nano-N was comparable to 100% RDN through Urea. The number of tillers per plant was significantly affected by different nitrogen management practices at 30 days after sowing and after the I and II harvests, highest number of tillers per plant was observed through the application of 100% RDN through Urea. Overall, the results show that the use of Nano nitrogen can significantly improve the growth attributing characteristics as well as yield attributes and yield of oats, particularly when combined with traditional nitrogen sources. These findings are consistent with previous research in this area.

Review of recommended energy and nutrient intake values in Southeast Asian countries

@#This review summarises the officially published recommended energy and nutrient intake values in five Southeast Asia (SEA) countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The background information, general approaches and references used for setting up recommendations and the recommended intakes levels for energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate, dietary fibre, sugars,14 vitamins and 15 minerals of these countries were tabulated and compared. The recommended intake values show remarkable similarities in terms of approaches and principles taken, as well as references used as the basis for the recommendations development and the application of the recommendations in respective country. There are nevertheless some differences in age groupings, reference height and weight used, as well as the final recommendations of the intake levels for some nutrients, after adjustment to suit local situations. All five countries had provided recommendations in terms of recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) or recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for almost all the nutrients. Due to the limited availability of local data and resources, countries in the region have referred to several references, including those from Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) consultation report and recommendations from research organisations in United States and Europe and adapted the values for local uses. Opportunities should be created to enable closer dialogue and collaboration regarding future developments in nutrient recommendations for populations in the region. These could include consideration of establishing more appropriate nutrient recommendations and the call for setting up harmonised approaches to establishing recommended nutrient intake values for the region.

Explanation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Reporting Animal Research and In Vivo Experiments (Ⅳ) / 实验动物与比较医学

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge.Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The fourth part of the article includes the items 1-5 of ARRIVE 2.0 Recommended 11 section, which covers "Abstract" "Background" "Objectives" "Ethical statement" and "Housing and husbandry". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.

Approach to food processing in the main messages of food-based dietary guidelines: A qualitative analysis / Abordagem sobre o processamento de alimentos nas mensagens principais de guias alimentares mundiais: uma análise qualitativa

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the content of the main messages of the world food guides, identifying the approach regarding the food processing level. Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted through documentary research based on analyzing the main messages of 96 consumption guides selected from the database provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The unit of analysis consisted of segments of the main messages whose content was scrutinized using the document analysis technique. Recommendations that referred to food processing were identified after repeated readings. Data were extracted according to the developed protocol, including terms used, consumption guidance, scope of approach, and complementary information (definition, justification, exemplification, and advice on the recommended consumption amount). Results: We identified 21 Food Guides (21.88%) with recommendations related to the food processing level in their main messages, primarily published after 2012 (76.19%). The analyzed guides used terms "highly processed", "ultra-processed", "processed", "minimally processed", and "non-processed". Guidelines regarding limiting consumption were primarily used by the guides, and few specified the related food. The messages did not define the terms used. When identified, the justifications were of a nutritional or health nature. Conclusion: We observed a lack of agreement and standardization concerning the terms used, the guidelines for consumption, and the scope of the identified recommendations, with little or no additional information to explain or justify the approach adopted regarding the food processing level.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conteúdo das mensagens principais dos guias alimentares mundiais identificando a abordagem quanto ao nível de processamento dos alimentos. Métodos: Estudo exploratório qualitativo, realizado por meio de pesquisa documental, com base na análise das mensagens principais de 96 guias alimentares selecionadas no banco de dados disponibilizado pela Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A unidade de análise consistiu em segmentos das mensagens principais cujo conteúdo foi analisado através da técnica de análise documental. Após repetidas leituras foram identificadas as recomendações que faziam referência ao processamento dos alimentos. Os dados foram extraídos segundo protocolo desenvolvido, contemplando: termos utilizados; orientação de consumo; abrangência da abordagem; presença de informações complementares (definição; justificativa; exemplificação; e orientação sobre quantidade recomendada de consumo). Resultados: Constatou-se que 21 guias alimentares (21,88%) faziam recomendações relacionadas ao nível de processamento do alimento em suas mensagens principais, a maioria (76,19%) publicado após 2012. Os guias analisados utilizaram os termos: altamente processado, ultraprocessado, processado, minimamente processado e não processado. Orientações referentes à limitação de consumo foram as mais utilizadas pelos guias e poucos especificavam o alimento relacionado. As mensagens não apresentavam definição para os termos utilizados. Quando presentes, as justificativas eram de cunho nutricional ou de saúde. Conclusão: Foi observada falta de consenso e padronização no que se refere aos termos utilizados, às orientações de consumo e à abrangência das recomendações apresentadas, além de pouca ou nenhuma informação complementar capaz de explicar ou justificar a abordagem realizada em relação ao nível de processamento dos alimentos.

Physiological studies and nutrient accumulation in mustard varieties in response to fertilizer doses under saline condition in semi-arid region of northwestern Haryana

The present study was conducted to find out the salt tolrant mustard variety for semi-arid region because this region has higher amount of poor quality water for irrigation and nutrient accumulation under saline environment is the most limiting factor in the sustainable crop production. For this four mustard varieties in main plots (Kranti, Giriraj, CS-54, and CS-58) and three fertilizer doses in sub-plots (100, 125 and 150% RDF). During the experimentation, saline water irrigation (7 dS m-1) was applied. The physiological parameters like RWC (75.54 to 80.34 %), total chlorophyll content (1.60 to 1.91 mg g-1 FW), and photosynthetic rate (10.09 to 14.79 µmol CO2 m-2s-1) were significantly increased with increasing dose of fertilizers. Yield stability index was highest with the application of 150% RDF. HI index showed a decline trend with the increasing dose of fertilizers, whereas oil content decreased non-significantly. Irrespective of fertilizer doses, variety CS-58 recorded maximum seed yield (22.89 q ha-1), biological yield (11.22 q ha-1); and other physiological parameters followed by CS-54, Giriraj, and Kranti mustard varieties. Variety CS-58 had the highest nutrient content (N, P, and K) in straw, with reaching to 125% RDF being at par with 150% RDF, followed by CS-54, Giriraj, and Kranti, respectively. The salt ratio (Na+:K+) decreased non-significantly with fertilizer doses, its mean value was however lowest in CS-58.

Herramientas para identificar consumo y desperdicio de la dieta hospitalaria. Revisión Sistemática

RESUMEN Introducción: Uno de los factores que influyen en la desnutrición hospitalaria es la incapacidad del paciente para alimentarse correctamente. Un bajo consumo de la dieta hospitalaria aumenta el riesgo a sufrir complicaciones de salud, además genera impacto económico y ambiental, producto del aumento de desperdicio de alimentos. Generar estrategias encaminadas a mitigar este problema debe ser prioridad para el sector salud. Objetivo: Identificar herramientas técnicas utilizadas para medir el consumo y/o desperdicio de alimentos en la dieta hospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda sistemática de estudios publicados en las bases de datos de EMBASE y MEDLINE a través de la plataforma Pubmed, en febrero del 2019, temporalidad 20 años. Se buscaron por términos controlados sobre dieta hospitalaria, desperdicio de alimentos y la satisfacción del paciente. Resultados: Se encontraron 410 artículos en inglés, español y portugués. Se seleccionaron 21 artículos para análisis de texto completo por cumplimiento de criterios de selección. Conclusiones: Las herramientas encontradas para la medición del desperdicio de alimentos se basaron principalmente en el pesaje, y la medición visual ya sea directa o por imágenes; otras aproximaciones incluyeron cuestionarios y métodos de múltiples componentes, la mayoría sin hacer discriminación del componente alimenticio desperdiciado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the factors that influences hospital malnutrition is the inability of the patient to eat properly. A low consumption of the hospital diet increases the risk of suffering health complications, in addition to generating an economic and environmental impact, as a result of the increase in food waste. Generating strategies aimed at mitigating this problem should be a priority for the health sector. Objective: Identify technical tools used to measure food consumption and / or waste in the hospital diet. Materials and methods: Systematic search for studies published in the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases through the Pubmed platform was conducted in February 2019, searching articles published in the last 20 years. We searched for controlled terms on hospital diet, food waste, and patient satisfaction. Results: 410 articles were found in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Twenty-one articles were selected for full-text analysis by meeting the selection criteria. Conclusions: The tools found for the measurement of food consumption were based mainly on weighing, and visual measurement either direct or by images; other approaches included questionnaires and multi-component methods, most of the tools did not discriminate the food component wasted.

The effects of the recommended prescription for COVID-2019-lung-spleen qi deficiency on in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication and pro-inflammatory factors expression / 中国药理学通报

Aim To determine the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of the recommended prescription for COVID-2019-lung-spleen qi deficiency(4-1)against in vitro infection of SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses.Methods The main chemical substances of 4-1 were analyzed by LC-MS.The toxicity and antiviral effects of of 4-1 were detected by MTT and by CPE assay, respectively.The viral loads in cell supernatant and the expression of inflammatory factors induced by viral infection were determined by qRT-PCR.Results The recommended prescription 4-1 contained 94 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and so on.The range of selection indexes for SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses was 8.44±0.4952.26±2.3.This prescription could inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, the expression of ACE2 and S mRNA, and down regulate IL-1α and CCL-5/RANTES at 10, 5, and 2.5 g•L-1 doses.Further, at doses of 20, 10 and 5 g•L-1, it could inhibit the proliferation of three common coronaviruses and suppress the overexpression of IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, CXCL-10/IP-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, CCL-2/MCP-1, MIG and CCL-5/RANTES induced by OC43/229E infection.The inhibitory effects were dose-dependent.Conclusions The prescription 4-1 has antiviral and anti-inflammation effects against multiple coronaviruses.This study provides the research basis for the treatment of common respiratory viral infections and emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 by using traditional Chinese medicine.

Literature analysis of the design and results of the First-In-Human clinical trials of drugs from 2009 to 2020 / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: Describe the general situation of the First-In-Human trials of the drugs, and summarize the design and results of the First-In-Human trials. METHODS: We searched the literature of the First-In-Human trials in 2009-2020 on PubMed and screened out the literature that met the research purpose. The basic information of the literature was collected. Data analysis was conducted to summarize relevant outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 559 First-In-Human trials were included in this study. The types of drugs included small molecule drugs (52.42%, 293/559), macromolecule drugs (45.62%, 255/559), and a small amount of cells and viruses (1.97%, 11/559) and so on. Regarding the determination of the starting dose, whether it was in macromolecules (23.86%, 21/88) or small molecules (30.15%, 41/136), No Observed Adverse Effect Level (27.68%, 62/224) was mainly used as the main reference basis, followed by preclinical research (21.88%, 49/224) and Minimal Anticipated Biological Effect Level (8.48%, 19/224), etc. In the dose escalation test, 50.19%(135/269) of the studies used the traditional standard 3+3 dose escalation method, followed by the accelerated titration method (7.06%, 19/269), and the improved 3+3 method (6.69%, 18/269), etc. CONCLUSION: The design of First-In-Human clinical trials has certain regularity in the content and results of the research design. In the subsequent trials, it is important to scientifically design the First-In-Human trials, and promote the safe and effective development of the First-In-Human trials of the drugs.

Avaliação do consumo alimentar de pacientes em hemodiálise: comparação com recomendações do Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative / Assessment of food consumption in hemodialysis patients: comparison with recommendations from the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative

Introdução: A análise da ingestão alimentar de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento dialítico é eficaz para fornecer informações a fim de auxiliar no diagnóstico nutricional e nortear as condutas dietéticas necessárias. Objetivo: Analisar a adequação do consumo alimentar de acordo com as recomendações publicadas pelo Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) para macro e micronutrientes, além de avaliar a capacidade antioxidante total da dieta (CATd), de portadores de DRC. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 60 voluntários portadores de DRC em tratamento hemodialítico de um Hospital Universitário de Juiz de Fora ­ MG. A caracterização da amostra foi feita no período de junho de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, através da aplicação de um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA) e de coleta de dados pessoais, clínicos e comorbidades. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o software SPSS, versão 20.0. As variáveis numéricas foram apresentadas na forma de média (± desvio-padrão), mediana, mínimo e máximo, enquanto as categóricas em frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Observou-se que 43% e 55% dos pacientes apresentaram um consumo calórico e proteico acima do preconizado pela KDOQI, respectivamente. Para os micronutrientes, foi observado que 77% dos pacientes apresentaram consumo de cálcio abaixo do recomendado e de fósforo 65% maior do que a recomendação atual. Percebeu-se que 67% e 40% dos pacientes apresentaram adequado consumo de sódio e potássio. O perfil lipídico da dieta dos pacientes, demonstrou uma desproporção da razão ômega 6/ômega 3, além de um CATd de 4,05 mmol/dia. Conclusão: Através do presente estudo podemos concluir que o consumo alimentar dos pacientes em hemodiálise avaliados apresenta algumas inadequações em relação às recomendações propostas pela literatura.

Introduction: The analysis of food intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis is effective to provide information to assist in nutritional diagnosis and guide the necessary dietary behaviors. Objective: To analyze the adequacy of food consumption according to the recommendations published by the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) for macro and micronutrients, in addition to evaluating the total antioxidant capacity of the diet (CATd) of patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 60 volunteers with CKD undergoing hemodialysis treatment at a University Hospital in Juiz de Fora ­ MG. The characterization of the sample was carried out from June 2019 to February 2020, through the application of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QQFA) and the collection of personal, clinical and comorbid data. Statistical analyzes were conducted using SPSS software, version 20.0. Numerical variables were presented as mean (± standard deviation), median, minimum and maximum, while categorical variables in absolute and relative frequency. Results: It was observed that 43% and 55% of the patients had a caloric and protein consumption above that recommended by the KDOQI, respectively. For micronutrients, it was observed that 77% of the patients had calcium intake below the recommended level and phosphorus consumption 65% higher than the current recommendation. It was noticed that 67% and 40% of the patients had adequate consumption of sodium and potassium. The lipid profile of the patients' diet showed a disproportion of the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, in addition to a CATd of 4.05 mmol/day. Conclusion: Through the present study we can conclude that the food consumption of the evaluated hemodialysis patients presents some inadequacies in relation to the recommendations proposed by the literature

Brazilian Guidelines for Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis

ABSTRACT Objective To develop a scientific consensus on nutrition in cystic fibrosis. Methods Sixteen coordinators elaborated relevant questions on nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis, which were divided into six sections: nutritional assessment, nutritional recommendations, nutritional intervention, dietary counseling, special situations and enzyme replacement, and gastrointestinal manifestations. Two to three specialists in the field were responsible for each section and obtaining answers formulated based on standardized bibliographic searches. The available literature was searched in the PubMed®/MEDLINE database, after training and standardization of search strategies, to write the best level of evidence for the questions elaborated. Issues related to disagreement were discussed until a consensus was reached among specialists, based on the current scientific literature. Results Forty-two questions were prepared and objectively answered, resulting in a consensus of nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis. Conclusion This work enabled establishing a scientific consensus for nutritional treatment of cystic fibrosis patients.