Oral acetaminophen or high-dose ibuprofen as rescue treatment for very preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the efficacy and safety of oral acetaminophen or high-dose ibuprofen as rescue treatment after failure of conservative management in very preterm infants (VPIs) with haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).Methods:From May 2020 to November 2022, VPIs with hsPDA (gestational age<32 weeks and age 4~6 d) admitted to NICU of our hospital were prospectively enrolled. The rescue treatment was initiated if hsPDA still exist after 3~4 d of conservative management. The infants were randomly assigned into acetaminophen group (oral acetaminophen 15 mg/kg, once every 6 h for 3 d) and high-dose ibuprofen group (oral ibuprofen 20 mg/kg for the first dose, 10 mg/kg each dose after 24 h and 48 h). Before and after rescue treatment, the following were recorded: echocardiography, complete blood count, biochemistry, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Urine output and complications were also examined. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 36 cases were in the acetaminophen group and 37 in the high-dose ibuprofen group. The two groups showed similar efficacy as rescue treatment [80.6% (29/36) vs. 78.4% (29/37), P>0.05]. No significant differences existed in the incidences of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, positive FOBT, oliguria, stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ necrotizing enterocolitis and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage between the two groups ( P>0.05). After rescue treatment, the serum cystatin C in high-dose ibuprofen group was higher [(1.72±0.29) mg/L vs. (1.58±0.26) mg/L] and 24-hours urine output was lower [(3.1±1.0) ml/(kg·h) vs. (3.7±0.7) ml/(kg·h)] than the acetaminophen group (all P<0.05). No significant differences existed in serum creatinine, platelet count, BNP, alanine aminotransferase and total serum bilirubin between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:After failure of early conservative management in VPIs with hsPDA, when initiated within 7-10 d after birth, rescue treatment with oral acetaminophen or high-dose ibuprofen has a similar efficacy of 80%, and both drugs are safe. Oral high-dose ibuprofen may have a greater effect on renal function than acetaminophen.

Efficacy of combined ultrasound and microbubble treatment for thrombolysis for rescuing ischemic tissues in rats at different time after thrombosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the time after thrombosis and the efficacy of combined ultrasound and microbubble treatment for rescuing the ischemic tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat models of thrombosis in the right common iliac artery were established and received combined ultrasound and microbubble treatment at 3, 6 and 12 h after thrombosis. The recanalization rate of the right common iliac artery was assessed using both 2-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound. The plateau acoustic intensity (AI) was quantified for estimating the skeletal microvascular blood volume, and skeletal muscle injury markers including myoglobin (Mb) and creatinine kinase (CK) were measured using ELISA. Postmortem TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptotic rate of skeletal muscle cells in the hind limb of the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in 3 h group, the recanalization rate and AI were significantly lower, and the levels of Mb and CK and the apoptotic rate of the skeletal muscle cells were significantly higher in both 6 h group and 12 h group ( < 0.05). Compared with those in 6 h group, the rats receiving treatment at 12 h after thrombosis showed significantly lowered AI and increased Mb, CK and apoptotic rate of the skeletal muscle cells ( < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The efficacy of combined ultrasound and microbubble treatment for rescuing ischemic tissues tends to be attenuated as the time after thrombosis prolongs in rats.</p>

Rescue stent implantation for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: initial experience in 13 patients / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stent implantation used as a rescue measure for acute ischemic stroke.Methods The clinical data of 13 patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large artery occlusion of anterior c erebral circulation that occurred within 8 hours before clinical visit,who had received rescue stent implantation at authors' hospital,were retrospectively analyzed.Before stent implantation,all patients failed to respond to other recanalization treatments,including intravenous thrombolysis,intra-arterial thrombolysis,mechanical thrombec tomy with Penumbra device,and Solitaire stent thrombectomy.Angiography was performed immediately after stent implantation.Vascular recanalization condition was evaluated with blood flow grading that was based on thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) criterion.Perioperative bleeding and complications were recorded.National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was used to assess the improvement of neurological function at one week after operation.Modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was used to evaluate the prognosis at 3 months after operation.Results A total of 16 stents were implanted in 13 patients.Before stent implantation,thrombectomy by using Solitaire retrievable stent was employed in 10 patients,mechanical thrombectomy with Penumbra device was adopted in 3 patients,intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase was used in one patient,and intra-arterial thrombolysis with urokinase was conducted in one patient.After stent implantation,partial or complete recanalization was achieved in 12 patients (TICI≥2b/3).NIHSS score was improved from preoperative (16.15±5.81) points to postoperative (8.08±5.61) points,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Three months after stenting treatment,good prognosis (mRS ≤2) was obtained in 7 patients (53.8％) and 2 patients died.Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients and procedure-related embolism was observed in 3 patients.Conclusion For the treatment of acute ischemic stroke,intracranial stenting angioplasty,used as a rescue measure for thrombolytic therapy with different combinations of drugs,is safe and effective.

Enfuvirtide: el primer paso de una nueva estrategia de tratamiento antirretroviral / Enfuvirtide: the first step for a new strategy of antiretroviral therapy

Enfuvirtide (antes T-20) es el primer inhibidor de la entrada a la célula del HIV-1 en ser aprobado. Es un péptido análogo de la porción HR2 de la glucoproteína de superficie viral gp41. Su mecanismo de acción consiste en la unión competitiva a la porción HR1 de la gp41 para impedir los cambios conformacionales del complejo gp41-gp120 tras la unión del HIV-1 a los receptores celulares, impidiendo así el acercamiento y posterior fusión entre el virus y la célula. Se aplica por vía subcutánea. Los resultados de los principales estudios clínicos (TORO 1 y 2) llevados a cabo en pacientes con fallo virológico, tratamientos previos con antirretrovirales y portadores de cepas virales altamente resistentes, mostraron que quienes recibieron enfuvirtide + HAART optimizado, elegido mediante un test de resistencia, presentaron mayores beneficios que quienes sólo recibieron HAART optimizado, en términos de mejor recuperación inmune y mayor descenso de la carga viral de HIV. Los mejores resultados se observaron en el subgrupo de pacientes con más drogas útiles en el HAART según el test de resistencia, una menor carga viral de HIV y un mayor recuento de linfocitos CD4 basales. El principal efecto adverso es el desarrollo de lesiones por hipersensibilidad en los sitios de aplicación. El alto costo de enfuvirtide se vio compensado por una reducción en los costos de internación.

Enfuvirtide (T-20) is the first approved HIV-1 entry into cells' inhibitor. It is a peptide with an amino acid sequence analogue to HR2 region of the viral surface glycoprotein gp41. Its mechanism of action is the competitive binding to HR1 region of the gp41, preventing the interaction between HR1 and HR2 and impeding the conformational changes in gp41 necessary for fusion of the virus with the cell. Its application is by subcutaneous injection. The main clinical trials of enfuvirtide (TORO 1 and 2) were performed in HIV-infected patients with virological failure, high antiretroviral experience and highly resistant viral isolates. Those trials showed that the addition of enfuvirtide to an optimized HAART (chosen with a resistance test) provided better results than HAART alone, measured by drop in viral load and immunologic benefit. The best results were observed in the subgroup of patients with more useful drugs in HAART (according to the information of the resistance test), a lower viral load, and a higher CD4 cell count at baseline. The most important adverse event is the production of injection drug hypersensitivity reaction in 98% of patients. The high cost is compensated by a reduction in costs derived from admissions.

Terapia de rescate con micofenolato mofetil en pacientes con nefritis lúpica / Rescue therapy in lupus nephritis patients with micophenolato mofetil

La terapia a largo plazo con ciclofosfamida combinada con esteroides mejora la sobrevida renal en pacientes con Nefritis Lúpica Proliferativa, pero con efectos tóxicos considerables. En años recientes, el Micofenolato Mofetil (MMF) un inmunosupresor usado en trasplante, parece ser efectivo en casos selectos de Nefritis Lúpica. Métodos: Describiremos 6 pacientes con Nefritis Lúpica clase IV y V según OMS que por distintas razones debieron ser tratados con MMF como droga de rescate. El mismo estabilizó la función renal. Controló la actividad del LES y permitió la disminución o suspensión del corticoide. Resultados: En tres casos se logró remisión completa, dos presentaron remisión parcial y tuvimos un fracaso por plaquetopenia y leucopenia severa con sepsis grave a punto de partida de una neumopatía; en este paciente se suspendió el tratamiento. Uno de ellos presentó un herpes zóster que se trató con Aciclovir y la suspensión transitoria de MMF. Conclusión: EL MMF fue efectivo para conseguir remisiones en la NL y mantener inactivo el LES, por lo que se lo debiera considerar como terapia de rescate, o bien para tratamiento de mantenimiento luego de la inducción con ciclofosfamida, o directamente como terapia de inducción en aquellos pacientes donde la fertilidad es un factor importante. Seguimientos a largo plazo de las pacientes son necesarios para evaluar su efectividad en la sobreviva renal, como ya ha sido demostrado con la Ciclofosfamida.

Long term cyclophosfamide combinated steroids therapy improves renal survival in patients with Proliferate Lupus Nephritis, with considerable toxic effects. In lately years MMF, a immune suppressor used in transplant, seems to be effective in selected cases of Lupus Nephritis. Methods: We will describe six patients with Lupus Nephritis class IV and V (OMS Classification). that what different causes they must be treated with MMF like rescue drug. This stabilizes the renal function. controls LES activity and allows reductions or end of corticoids. Results: In tree cases we achievement total remission, two show partial remission and we had a fail because plaquetopenia and severe leucopenia with serious sepsis to give rise to neumopaty; this patient broke off the treatment. One presented Zoster...