Can a successional crop system associated with preemergent herbicides be a tool to control weeds?

The objective of this research was to evaluate weed control in a successional soybean-sorghum system by using preemergent herbicides. Two trials were conducted in soybean and two in sorghum, in different soil types (sandy in Rio Verde city and clayey in Montividiu city). All trials were established in a completely randomized block design with five preemergent herbicides in soybean (rates in): diclosulam 35.3 g a.i.·ha­1, chlorimuron 20 g a.i.·ha­1, sulfentrazone 200 g a.i.·ha­1, flumioxazin 50 g a.i.·ha­1, S-metolachlor 1728 g a.i.·ha­1, and two controls (hand weeded and untreated). Treatments in sorghum trials were the same to the soybean plus atrazine 1250 g a.i.·ha­1 and atrazine 1250 g a.i.·ha­1 + S-metolachlor 1728 g a.i.·ha­1. All treatments had four replicates. Weed control was assessed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after planting (DAP) in both crops. In addition, yield was measured when grains reached physiological maturity. All preemergent herbicide treatments successfully controlled weeds, specially Commelina benghalensis, Cenchrus echinatus and Eleusine indica, in both soybean trials until 28 DAP. In some weeds of sorghum, sulfentrazone, diclosulam and chlorimuron sprayed at soybean preemergence performed better than atrazine sprayed at sorghum preemergence. All preemergent herbicides sprayed at soybean preemergence did not affect soybean and sorghum yield, showing similarity with the hand weeded treatment. The results of this research provide evidence that the mix of crop succession and preemergent herbicide applications can be a strong strategy for integrated weed management.

Selectivity of preemergence herbicide treatments for cotton crop / Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pre-emergencia na cultura do algodoeiro

The use of preemergence herbicides in cotton crop is one of the main tools in weed control. However, little is known about the effects of different herbicide tank mixtures on this crop. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the selectivity of herbicides applied isolated or in mixtures to cotton at preemergence. Herbicide treatments included alachlor, s-metolachlor, diuron, prometryn, trifluralin, oxyfluorfen, alachlor+diuron, alachlor+prometryn, s-metolachlor+diuron, s-metolachlor+prometryn, oxyfluorfen+diuron, oxyfluorfen+prometryn, trifluralin+diuron, trifluralin+prometryn, trifluralin+oxyfluorfen. Herbicide treatments did not affect cotton stand. Oxyfluorfen, isolated or in mixture with diuron, prometryn, and trifluralin caused more significant crop injuries than all the other herbicide treatments. However, only oxyfluorfen+diuron, and trifluralin+oxyfluorfen decreased crop yield, and are regarded as presenting lower selectivity to cotton, cv. Delta-Opal.

O uso de herbicidas em pré-emergência da cultura do algodoeiro é uma das principais ferramentas no controle de plantas daninhas. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos de misturas em tanque de diferentes produtos nessa cultura. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em préemergência, isolados ou em misturas, na cultura do algodão. Os tratamentos testados foram compostos dos seguintes herbicidas e suas respectivas doses (g a.i. ha-1): alachlor (1440), S-metolachlor (768), diuron (1500), prometryn (1500), trifluralin (1800), and oxyfluorfen (192) aplicados isoladamente, e em mistura formando os seguintes tratamentos: alachlor+diuron (1440+1500), alachlor+prometryn (1440+1500), S-metolachlor+diuron (768+1500), Smetolachlor+prometryn (768+1500), oxyfluorfen+diuron (192+1500), oxyfluorfen+prometryn (192+1500), trifluralin+diuron (1800+1500), trifluralin+prometryn (1800+1500), e trifluralin+oxyfluorfen (1800+192). O experimento foi conduzido por meio de testemunhas duplas. Foram realizadas avaliações relacionadas à fitointoxicação visual, altura de planta, número de maçãs e produção de algodão em caroço. Os tratamentos herbicidas não influenciaram o estande da cultura do algodoeiro. O herbicida oxyfluorfen isolado ou em mistura com diuron, prometryn e trifluralin proporcionaram maior fitointoxicação à cultura em relação aos demais tratamentos. Entretanto, somente oxyfluorfen + diuron e trifluralin + oxyfluorfen apresentaram rendimento inferior à testemunha, sendo considerados, portanto, de baixa seletividade para o cultivar Delta-Opal.