Efforts to Enhance Long-Stay Demand in National Park Resort Villages with Spas ─From Considerations and Analysis Based on the Official Websites─ / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  The Ministry of the Environment’s the Onsen Stay policy calls for the creation of a plan to increase the demand for long-term stays in spa health resorts. A report on the development of such plans, focusing on spa health resorts, has been published. According to the report, it was suggested that five external environments around the spa resort should be utilized in combination with each other, namely: making the most of the natural environment, making the most of the historical and cultural environment, making the most of the artificial environment and facilities, making the most of different environments by moving around, and making the most of the nighttime hours. In this report, I will try to verify whether these five types of programs are appropriate or not by using the program for a stay in the national park resort village. In addition, I will evaluate whether the proposed program will enhance the demand for a stay in the national park resort village, and suggest improvements.  The 11 national park resort villages in this report are Retreat Azumino Hotel, Norikura Kogen, Minami-Izu, Fuji, Noto-Senrihama, Echizen-Mikuni, Omihachiman, Minami-Awaji, Takeno Kaigan, Nanki-Katsuura, and Hiruzen Kogen.  I confirmed the validity of the five types, and the necessity to create a program for a stay in these villages by making the best use of the five external environments of the spa. In addition, it was shown that the importance of the program was not so much the diversity of the external environment of the spa along the walking course, but rather the nearness to the place of origin and destination and the sustainability of the program as well as the time to complete it.

Efforts to Enhance Long-Stay Demand in National Park Resort Villages with Spas ─From Considerations and Analysis Based on the Official Websites─ / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  The Ministry of the Environment’s the Onsen Stay policy calls for the creation of a plan to increase the demand for long-term stays in spa health resorts. A report on the development of such plans, focusing on spa health resorts, has been published. According to the report, it was suggested that five external environments around the spa resort should be utilized in combination with each other, namely: making the most of the natural environment, making the most of the historical and cultural environment, making the most of the artificial environment and facilities, making the most of different environments by moving around, and making the most of the nighttime hours. In this report, I will try to verify whether these five types of programs are appropriate or not by using the program for a stay in the national park resort village. In addition, I will evaluate whether the proposed program will enhance the demand for a stay in the national park resort village, and suggest improvements.  The 11 national park resort villages in this report are Retreat Azumino Hotel, Norikura Kogen, Minami-Izu, Fuji, Noto-Senrihama, Echizen-Mikuni, Omihachiman, Minami-Awaji, Takeno Kaigan, Nanki-Katsuura, and Hiruzen Kogen.  I confirmed the validity of the five types, and the necessity to create a program for a stay in these villages by making the best use of the five external environments of the spa. In addition, it was shown that the importance of the program was not so much the diversity of the external environment of the spa along the walking course, but rather the nearness to the place of origin and destination and the sustainability of the program as well as the time to complete it.

What Is Necessary to Enhance Long-Stay Demand in National Hot Spring Health Resorts? ─From Considerations Based on Field Work─ / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  In the present day when the space structure of the spa has been transformed, creation of a relaxation space appropriate for a long stay is in demand. The Onsen Stay promotion plan of the Ministry of the Environment calls for the creation of an expanded relaxation space and experience which utilizes local resources including the ambient surroundings. Furthermore, in the present age, which is said to be a stress society, there is room for the viewpoint that “existence of high-quality communication with the external environment of a spa relieves stress”. This justifies our investigation into whether there is a situation that the external environment of the spa is applied as a relaxation space for long stays.  Therefore, in national hot spring health resorts designated as the spas that promoted the Onsen Stay policy, I investigated what kind of program was carried to raise demand for a long-term stays. In this report, I investigate and report on Ruri Highland spa, Hamasaka spa, Umegashima spa, Hatake spa, Hirayu spa, Tazawa spa, Kakeyu spa, and Ichirino spa. I clarified that there were five methods for the making of programs to raise stay demand. Combinations of these five are possible. And I clarified that if these methods analyzed the external environment of the spa appropriate for a long stay, stay demand might be raised for a long term, as shown by an example.  I concluded that the possibility of long stays is raised when the external environment including cultural history resources and surroundings nature were utilized, including the creation of various walks and walking courses.

What Is Necessary to Enhance Long-Stay Demand in National Hot Spring Health Resorts? ─From Considerations Based on Field Work─ / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  In the present day when the space structure of the spa has been transformed, creation of a relaxation space appropriate for a long stay is in demand. The Onsen Stay promotion plan of the Ministry of the Environment calls for the creation of an expanded relaxation space and experience which utilizes local resources including the ambient surroundings. Furthermore, in the present age, which is said to be a stress society, there is room for the viewpoint that “existence of high-quality communication with the external environment of a spa relieves stress”. This justifies our investigation into whether there is a situation that the external environment of the spa is applied as a relaxation space for long stays.  Therefore, in national hot spring health resorts designated as the spas that promoted the Onsen Stay policy, I investigated what kind of program was carried to raise demand for a long-term stays. In this report, I investigate and report on Ruri Highland spa, Hamasaka spa, Umegashima spa, Hatake spa, Hirayu spa, Tazawa spa, Kakeyu spa, and Ichirino spa. I clarified that there were five methods for the making of programs to raise stay demand. Combinations of these five are possible. And I clarified that if these methods analyzed the external environment of the spa appropriate for a long stay, stay demand might be raised for a long term, as shown by an example.  I concluded that the possibility of long stays is raised when the external environment including cultural history resources and surroundings nature were utilized, including the creation of various walks and walking courses.

What Is Necessary to Enhance Long-Stay Demand in Spa Health Resort？ ～From Considerations Based on Field Work～ / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  The Ministry of the Environment is promoting an Onsen Stay policy, is suggesting long stays at spa health resorts and is working on activation in a spa from 2017. What kind of program can be carried out to accept long stay guests at the spa which fills the capacity of the health resort? Programs targeted for Gero Spa, the Osaka hot spring village (Yuya Spa, Shimojima Spa and Nigorigo Spa), Yuwaku Spa, the Hakusan hot spring village (Tedori Spa, new Iwama Spa, Ichirino Spa and Chugu Spa) and Yunokuchi Spa were investigated in this survey.  The necessity of creating a space of relaxation suitable for a stay was shown to add new space value and experience value when the area resources including the ambient surroundings in a spa were utilized for long stays in a thesis of Shimomura, who studied the spatial form of the spa and the spatial structure, and in an Onsen Stay promotion plan of the Ministry of the Environment.  In the above-named 10 spas the extent to which space value and experience value was added was investigated by listening to the guests concerned and by a local inspection of whether such a program was carried out. Since the program’s implementation in Gero Spa, the Osaka hot spring village and Ichirino Spa, as a result, I found that the long-stay program was feasible. But I also found that there are almost no long-stay guests who utilized the program because needs weren’t taken into consideration in the utilization. In high plains areas in the mountains, I also found that eco-tourism is considered as a stay plan and that town walks utilizing cultural facilities in downtown, walks and day trips to the surrounding scenic and recreation spots are considered as a stay plan in the newly-formed spa towns.  I suggest that an investigation in spas where long-stay programs have been put into effect is the next necessary step in this research.

What Is Necessary to Enhance Long-Stay Demand in Spa Health Resort？ ～From Considerations Based on Field Work～ / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  The Ministry of the Environment is promoting an Onsen Stay policy, is suggesting long stays at spa health resorts and is working on activation in a spa from 2017. What kind of program can be carried out to accept long stay guests at the spa which fills the capacity of the health resort? Programs targeted for Gero Spa, the Osaka hot spring village (Yuya Spa, Shimojima Spa and Nigorigo Spa), Yuwaku Spa, the Hakusan hot spring village (Tedori Spa, new Iwama Spa, Ichirino Spa and Chugu Spa) and Yunokuchi Spa were investigated in this survey.  The necessity of creating a space of relaxation suitable for a stay was shown to add new space value and experience value when the area resources including the ambient surroundings in a spa were utilized for long stays in a thesis of Shimomura, who studied the spatial form of the spa and the spatial structure, and in an Onsen Stay promotion plan of the Ministry of the Environment.  In the above-named 10 spas the extent to which space value and experience value was added was investigated by listening to the guests concerned and by a local inspection of whether such a program was carried out. Since the program’s implementation in Gero Spa, the Osaka hot spring village and Ichirino Spa, as a result, I found that the long-stay program was feasible. But I also found that there are almost no long-stay guests who utilized the program because needs weren’t taken into consideration in the utilization. In high plains areas in the mountains, I also found that eco-tourism is considered as a stay plan and that town walks utilizing cultural facilities in downtown, walks and day trips to the surrounding scenic and recreation spots are considered as a stay plan in the newly-formed spa towns.  I suggest that an investigation in spas where long-stay programs have been put into effect is the next necessary step in this research.

Geografia, saúde e desenvolvimento urbano no interior paulista na passagem para o século XX: Domingos Jaguaribe e a construção da Estância Climática de Campos do Jordão / Geography, health and urban development in São Paulo state at the turn of the twentieth century: Domingos Jaguaribe and the construction of the Climate Resort of Campos do Jordão

As cidades-estância instituídas no início do século XX são objetos privilegiados para estudar a relação entre as políticas de saúde pública e o desenvolvimento urbano e social. Este artigo analisa, a partir da produção e trajetória do médico, geógrafo e empreendedor Domingos Nogueira Jaguaribe Filho, os vetores social e institucional envolvidos na criação da cidade-estância de Campos do Jordão. Estudos geográficos, conhecimento médico e preceitos de urbanização se aliaram a interesse privados e desenvolvimentistas na construção simbólica e concreta da “Suíça brasileira”.

The resort towns created in the early 1900s are prime objects for studying the relationship between public health policies and urban and social development. This article analyzes the social and institutional vectors involved in the creation of the resort town of Campos do Jordão from the perspective of the career and works of physician, geographer and businessman Domingos Nogueira Jaguaribe Filho. Geographical studies, medical knowledge and the precepts of urbanization combined with private and development interests in the symbolism and concrete manifestation of the “Brazilian Switzerland”.

14-3Climatotherapy in the world and the potential of Japanese climate and geographical features to health promotion and disease prevention / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Objective: </b>To review the related articles and consider the potential of Japanese climate and geographical features to health promotion and disease prevention in the context of health resort medicine.<BR><b>Method: </b>To summarise the studies concerning climatotherapy in the world, PubMed database was searched from 1965 to 2014. Additional references were identified from bibliographical searches of included studies.<BR><b>Results: </b>One hundred thirty-five articles were included. These articles were sorted according to the place of health resort and the objective: 1) At the Dead Sea, of maritime climate with natural sunlight and salt water, climatotherapy for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatic diseases, vitiligo, uveitis, mycosis fungoides and hypertension; 2) At the Canary Islands, of subtropical maritime climate, climatotherapy for psoriasis, cerebral palsy and atopic dermatitis; 3) At the Alpine mountain area, of moderate- and high-altitude mountain climate, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), circulatory diseases, osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome; 4) At the North Sea, climatotherapy for bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis; 5) At the Baltic Sea, climatotherapy for bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, psoriasis, pulmonary silicosis and children after rheumatic disease; 6) At the Island of Jerba in Tunisia, of the Mediterranean maritime climate, climatotherapy for fibromyalgia; 7) At the Adriatic Sea shore in Croatia, climatotherapy for bronchial asthma; 8) At the Black Sea shore, including Evpatoria health resort (Crimea), Azov Sea zone, Black Sea health resort and Sochi health resort, climatotherapy for chronic dermatoses, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, after lung resection in children and non-organized vacationers; 9) At the west coast of Caspian Sea shore, climatotherapy for cerebrovascular disorder; 10) At the mountain hospital in Kyrgyz, of high-altitude mountain climate, aplastic anaemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; 11) At the north shore of Sea of Japan, climatotherapy for the children with oncological disease.<BR>  In Japan, the total length of coastline is 35,558 km, and the total number of islands is 6,852. The percentage of forest area is 66.4%, moderate-altitude mountain area (250-1,000m above sea level) is 45.0% and high-altitude mountain area (1,000-3,000m) is 6.4%. Climatic region distributes from the subtropical zone to the subarctic zone. Most of the coastal area is close to the mountain area. There are many health resorts for the forest therapy, balneotherapy and thalassotherapy.<BR><b>Conclusions: </b>There would be a high potential of Japanese climate and geographical features as a health resort of climatotherapy and terrain kur to health promotion and disease prevention.

PT1-2Current status balneotherapy in Spain / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Balneotherapy or Health Resort Medicine has a long tradition in Spain. This tradition is still alive today. The main indication of balneotherapy in Spain is rheumatic diseases, especially joints’degenerative disorders.<BR>  There are, approximately, 2,000 mineral water springs with the public utility declaration.<BR>  There are also currently working 119 Thermal Stations, which have 19,154 hotel rooms, with 4,047,000 overnight stays in 2012. They employ 5,310 workers and 904,000 customers enjoy, although not all of them are go in sanitary programs. Total revenue of thermal stations is 255 million euros.<BR>  Balneotherapy research in Spain takes place mainly at the Complutense University of Madrid, in the Professional School of Medical Hydrology and Department of “Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Medical Hydrology” (Medicine Faculty) and other Universities such as those of Extremadura, Granada, Seville, Vigo and Zaragoza. Hydrotherapy and Aquatic Therapy in Universities: Catolica San Antonio de Murcia, Extremadura, Granada and Malaga and natural mineral waters in the Complutense University of Madrid.<BR>  Moreover, this year we celebrate 25 years of the Balneotherapy Program of the Elder’s Institute and Social Services (IMSERSO) under the Ministry of Health. The program had 12,848 beds in 28 Spas in 1989 to 209,222 in 2014 in 105 Spas, which in economic terms means moving from 4.3 million euros provided by the IMSERSO in 1989 to 34 million in 2014, with an economic impact of more than 115.2 million adding the contribution of the beneficiaries. More than 2,500,000 people have benefited the program since its implementation.

14-3 Climatotherapy in the world and the potential of Japanese climate and geographical features to health promotion and disease prevention / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Objective: To review the related articles and consider the potential of Japanese climate and geographical features to health promotion and disease prevention in the context of health resort medicine. Method: To summarise the studies concerning climatotherapy in the world, PubMed database was searched from 1965 to 2014. Additional references were identified from bibliographical searches of included studies. Results: One hundred thirty-five articles were included. These articles were sorted according to the place of health resort and the objective: 1) At the Dead Sea, of maritime climate with natural sunlight and salt water, climatotherapy for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatic diseases, vitiligo, uveitis, mycosis fungoides and hypertension; 2) At the Canary Islands, of subtropical maritime climate, climatotherapy for psoriasis, cerebral palsy and atopic dermatitis; 3) At the Alpine mountain area, of moderate- and high-altitude mountain climate, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), circulatory diseases, osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome; 4) At the North Sea, climatotherapy for bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis; 5) At the Baltic Sea, climatotherapy for bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, psoriasis, pulmonary silicosis and children after rheumatic disease; 6) At the Island of Jerba in Tunisia, of the Mediterranean maritime climate, climatotherapy for fibromyalgia; 7) At the Adriatic Sea shore in Croatia, climatotherapy for bronchial asthma; 8) At the Black Sea shore, including Evpatoria health resort (Crimea), Azov Sea zone, Black Sea health resort and Sochi health resort, climatotherapy for chronic dermatoses, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, after lung resection in children and non-organized vacationers; 9) At the west coast of Caspian Sea shore, climatotherapy for cerebrovascular disorder; 10) At the mountain hospital in Kyrgyz, of high-altitude mountain climate, aplastic anaemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; 11) At the north shore of Sea of Japan, climatotherapy for the children with oncological disease.   In Japan, the total length of coastline is 35,558 km, and the total number of islands is 6,852. The percentage of forest area is 66.4%, moderate-altitude mountain area (250-1,000m above sea level) is 45.0% and high-altitude mountain area (1,000-3,000m) is 6.4%. Climatic region distributes from the subtropical zone to the subarctic zone. Most of the coastal area is close to the mountain area. There are many health resorts for the forest therapy, balneotherapy and thalassotherapy. Conclusions: There would be a high potential of Japanese climate and geographical features as a health resort of climatotherapy and terrain kur to health promotion and disease prevention.

PT1-2 Current status balneotherapy in Spain / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Balneotherapy or Health Resort Medicine has a long tradition in Spain. This tradition is still alive today. The main indication of balneotherapy in Spain is rheumatic diseases, especially joints’ degenerative disorders.   There are, approximately, 2,000 mineral water springs with the public utility declaration.   There are also currently working 119 Thermal Stations, which have 19,154 hotel rooms, with 4,047,000 overnight stays in 2012. They employ 5,310 workers and 904,000 customers enjoy, although not all of them are go in sanitary programs. Total revenue of thermal stations is 255 million euros.   Balneotherapy research in Spain takes place mainly at the Complutense University of Madrid, in the Professional School of Medical Hydrology and Department of “Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Medical Hydrology” (Medicine Faculty) and other Universities such as those of Extremadura, Granada, Seville, Vigo and Zaragoza. Hydrotherapy and Aquatic Therapy in Universities: Catolica San Antonio de Murcia, Extremadura, Granada and Malaga and natural mineral waters in the Complutense University of Madrid.   Moreover, this year we celebrate 25 years of the Balneotherapy Program of the Elder’s Institute and Social Services (IMSERSO) under the Ministry of Health. The program had 12,848 beds in 28 Spas in 1989 to 209,222 in 2014 in 105 Spas, which in economic terms means moving from 4.3 million euros provided by the IMSERSO in 1989 to 34 million in 2014, with an economic impact of more than 115.2 million adding the contribution of the beneficiaries. More than 2,500,000 people have benefited the program since its implementation.

Adoção internacional como medida de último recurso na África: promover os direitos de uma criança ao invés do direito a uma criança / Intercountry adoption as a measure of last resort in Africa: advancing the rights of a child rather than a right to a child / La adopción internacional como medida de último recurso em África: promover los derechos de un niño y no el derecho a un niño

A crescente popularidade das adoções internacionais não é algo recente. Recente, entretanto, é a atração que, cada vez mais, crianças africanas têm despertado em potenciais pais adotivos que vivem em outras partes do mundo, como exemplificado pelas adoções de Angelina Jolie e Madonna. As opiniões sobre a adoção internacional estão divididas entre a necessidade e conveniência desta prática, mas a visão que a considera uma panacéia para crianças sem pais e pais sem filhos prevalece. Por outro lado, alguns países têm se mostrado resistentes à retirada de crianças do Terceiro Mundo de seus ambientes familiares para serem alocadas em casas fora de seu país natal - prática entendida como "imperialista". Atualmente, a idéia a qual a adoção internacional está ligada é a de que esta seria uma medida de último recurso, mas pesquisas sobre qual o seu verdadeiro significado (ou qual deveria sê-lo), e quais as suas implicações para a política de bem-estar da criança e para a legislação africana são difíceis de encontrar. Este artigo pretende contribuir para o preenchimento desta lacuna.

The increased popularity of intercountry adoption is not anything recent. What is recent, however, is the increased attention African children are attracting from prospective adoptive parents living in other parts of the world, as exemplified by the adoptions by Angelina Jolie and Madonna. Opinions are divided over the necessity and propriety of intercountry adoption, but considering the practice as a panacea for children without parents and parents without children is a prevalent view. On the other hand, some sending states have resisted placing Third World children deprived of their family environment in homes outside of their native countries - a purportedly "imperialistic" practice. The operative language that has emerged in recent times has been that intercountry adoption should be used as a measure of last resort, but one can hardly find any research on what it actually means (or should mean), and what its implications are for child welfare policy and law in Africa. This paper intends to contribute to filling this gap.

La mayor popularidad de la adopción internacional no es nada nuevo. Pero sí lo es el mayor interés que están despertando los niños africanos en los potenciales padres adoptivos de otras partes del mundo, como es el caso de las adopciones realizadas por Angelina Jolie y Madonna. Las opiniones acerca de si la adopción internacional es necesaria y correcta están divididas, pero predomina la idea de que este tipo de adopción es la panacea para los niños sin padres y para los padres sin hijos. Por otra parte, algunos estados de origen se han resistido a colocar niños del Tercer Mundo privados de su medio familiar en hogares fuera de su país natal, por considerar que ésta es una práctica supuestamente "imperialista". En los últimos tiempos, se ha dispuesto que la adopción internacional debería utilizarse como medida de último recurso; sin embargo, prácticamente no existen investigaciones sobre qué significa (o qué debería significar) esto en realidad, y cuáles son sus consecuencias para el derecho y la política de bienestar infantil en África. La finalidad de este artículo es contribuir a llenar este vacío.

Studies on Comfortability and Safety on Resort with Special Reference to Chronological and Meteorological Aspects / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

The comfortability and safety on resort were investigated in terms of resort environments focusing on atmosphere temperature.<br>With regard to the comfortability, first, a discomfort index (DI) defined with atmosphere temperature and relative humidity was demonstrated to be associated with indicators of autonomic nerve activities derived from heart beat variability at the level around DI-70 which was classified into the category of “comfortable for most of people”.<br>Secondarily, it was suggested that the index could be available to evaluate comfortability for given time courses at different resort points with an example of its hourly average in 24 hours a day for a representative month in each season. With regard to the safety, first, stroke incident rate of each month was associated with monthly average atmosphere temperature when the relationship was analyzed using around ten thousands patients data for 7 years from the community-based stroke registration for in Toyama prefecture. On top of that, it has been demonstrated that the atmosphere temperature on one and two days prior to the stroke development was independently effective on the risk of cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoidal hemorrhage development with the adjustment for patient's sex and age, calendar year, season, relative humidity and atmosphere pressure. Secondarily, morning raise in blood pressure was affected by the room temperature (10°C and 25°C). The lower temperature the more raise in blood pressure.