Establecimiento de una línea de base entomológica de malaria en la parroquia San Isidro del municipio Sifontes del estado Bolívar, Venezuela / Establishment of an entomological malaria baseline in the San Isidro parish of the Sifontes municipality of Bolívar state, Venezuela

La malaria en Venezuela es altamente heterogénea y focalizada. En 2016 se reportaron más de 242 mil casos nuevos en el país, de los cuales 73% provenían del estado Bolívar, 42% del municipio Sifontes y 29% de la parroquia San Isidro. Entre octubre 2016 y mayo 2017 se realizó en la parroquia San Isidro un estudio exploratorio, con el fin de establecer una línea basal entomológica en malaria que permitiera la evaluación posterior de Rociamientos Intradomiciliarios de Insecticida y Mosquiteros Tratados con insecticida de Larga Duracion.Las capturas de mosquitos adultos con Trampas Mosquito Magnet Independence™, atrayente humano y en reposo pre-hematofágico, permitieron determinar que en esta parroquia, hay por lo menos tres especies de anofelinos con actividad hematofágica antropofílica, An. darlingi, An. albitarsis s.l. y An. nuneztovari s.l., cuyos hábitos de reposo y actividad de picada fueron descritos. Asimismo, el muestreo de hábitats larvales permitió determinar que las lagunas residuales de la actividad minera son los más importantes y que An. albitarsis s.l. y An. triannulatus s.l. son las especies de mayor prevalencia en estos hábitats. Estos hallazgos permiten actualizar la data entomológica de este foco caliente de malaria y sientan las bases para la evaluación y seguimiento de las medidas de control de vectores implementadas(AU)

Malaria in Venezuela is highly heterogeneous and focused. In 2016, more than 242,000 malaria cases were reported in the country, from which 73% came from Bolivar state, 42% from Sifontes municipality and 29% from the San Isidro parish. Between October 2016 and May 2017, an exploratory study was carried out in order to establishing an entomologic baseline that would allow posterior evaluations of indoors insecticide spraying and long lasting insecticidal nets. Adults captures with Mosquito Magnet Independence™ traps, human landing, and pre-feedingresting habits allowed to determine that in San Isidro there are at least three anopheline species with significant anthropophilic activity: An darlingi, An. albitarsis s.l. and An. nuneztovari s.l. Resting habits and biting activities were described for the three species. Likewise, larval sampling were carried out which allowed to identify that abandoned gold mine dugouts are the most important habitatsfor these species. Particularly, An. albitarsis s.l. and An. triannulatus s.l. were the most prevalent anophelines colonizing these breeding sites. Our results update entomologic data of this malaria hot spot area and establish the baseline for further evaluations ofthe vector control measures implemented(AU)

Analysis of the Factors of Taking Supplements in the College Students / 社会薬学

A questionnaire has held on the students in two faculties, which is of pharmaceutical university and of agricultural junior college, and we obtained 882 answers. Our questions purposed to clarify the motivation to take nutritious supplements, such as : How they understand and management of their own health. ; How they understand their own nutritious conditions. ; How they think of, and taking supplemental foods including vitamins, minerals, or the others in their daily life. There are 159 answers (18.0% of total answers) taking these supplements from 882 valid answers in our questionnaire. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon rank sum test between the supplement-users and the non-users showed that there would be triggers to take a supplement on the degree of self-conscious on their own health, of feeling tired, of their sleeping hours, of their satisfaction for nutrition by meals, though effect size is low. A question to ask the reason to start taking supplements revealed that is because of the supplement-users in their family also takes it.

Spatio-temporal variations in adult density, abdominal status & indoor resting pattern of Culex quinquefasciatus Say in Panaji, Goa, India.

Background & objectives: Goa is one of the filariasis endemic states of India. However, information on density pattern and resting behavior of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, the principal vector of filariasis in Goa is lacking. Therefore, current longitudinal study was undertaken to investigate these aspects. Methods: Panaji was divided into six zones and a total of 240 man hours were spent in 60 fixed catching sites to collect the adult Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes on fortnightly basis from indoor resting sites during 2005-06. The female mosquitoes were classified as unfed, fed, semi-gravid and gravid to ascertain the resting behavior of Cx. quinquefasciatus adults. The data were analysed to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations in adult density, abdominal status and indoor resting sites and linked to meteorological variables like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days. Results: Cx. quinquefasciatus adults were prevalent perennially in Panaji with highest per man hour density of females (48.6) in February and the lowest density (6.6) in September. Monthly variations in the densities between different months was significant (F=15.3; P<0.05). Rainfall significantly influenced the population of Cx. quinquefasciatus (t=2.63; P<0.05). Fed group and semi-gravid group showed a strong correlation with the relative humidity (P<0.05), rain fall (P<0.05) and number of rainy days (P<0.05). 62.4 per cent of females and 65.1 per cent of males preferred to rest on hanging objects. Spatio-temporal variations in the number of Cx. quinquefasciatus females and males resting on different sites and also the variations in different sites (P<0.05) were significant. Interpretation & conclusion: The density of female Cx. quinquefasciatus encountered in all the months was higher than the estimated tolerated level of density of 34 per ten man hours up to which there is no risk of filariasis transmission. The strong correlation between the abdominal conditions and relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days imply that these meteorological variables significantly influenced the feeding and fecundity of the species. 85.3 per cent of the indoor resting population comprising of fed, semi-gravid and gravid females confirmed the endophilic nature of the species. The preferential resting behavior of both females and males on hanging objects suggest that use of insecticide treated long-lasting bed nets as personal protective measure can be exploited to reduce the density of the vector species.