Résumé
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of human?derived umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HDUMSC) and human?derived umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells expressing erythropoietin (HDUMSC?EPO) to rescue total degenerated retina in a rat model. Methods: The study included four treatment groups, namely negative control using normal saline (HBSS) injection, positive control using sodium iodide 60 mg/kg (SI), SI treated with HDUMSC, and SI treated with HDUMSC?EPO given via subretinal and intravenous routes, to test the efficacy of retinal regeneration following SI?induced retinal degeneration. Retinal function in both phases was tested via electroretinography (ERG) and histological staining examining the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Results: There was a statistically significant result (P < 0.05) in the SI treated with HDUMSC?EPO only when comparing day 11 (mean = 23.6 ?v), day 18 (mean = 25.2 ?v), day 26 (mean = 26.3 ?v), and day 32 (mean = 28.2 ?v) to the b?wave ERG on day 4 rescue injection day (mean = 12.5 ?v). The SI treated with HDUMSC?EPO showed significant improvement in b?wave ERG readings in the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat but did not restore baseline readings prior to degeneration (day 0). Both treated groups’ ONL thicknesses did not show significant changes compared to the negative control group (HBSS) following rescue therapy. Conclusion: Total retinal degeneration following intravenous SI injection was observed at 60 mg/kg. SI treated with HDUMSC and HDUMSC?EPO showed no regenerative potential compared to baseline in SI?induced total retina degeneration on ERG or histology, whereas SI treated with HDUMSC?EPO group showed a substantial increase in b?wave ERG amplitude over time
Résumé
Retinal degenerative disease is the leading cause of visual loss,the mechanism is not clear and has no effective treatment method.In recent years,the field of stem cell research has made great progress.Stem cells have the potential of differentiating into all the body cells.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be used to differentiate a variety of retinal cells,which has brought a new promise for the treatment of retinal degeneration disease.However,the most important step of this treatment is how to differentiate ESCs into photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPF) cells.In this paper,we introduced the recent progress in the differentiation methods of ESCs into retinal cells,which contains spontaneous differentiation method,co-culture method,growth factors and small molecules induced method,adherent monoculture method,three dimensional differentiation method.
Résumé
The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has been a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell research since 2006,and it made possible for the use of stem cells in treating retinal degenerative diseases.Research showed that fibroblast,B lymphocytes,neural stem cells,hair corneous cells,pancreatic cells,mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord stroma and amniotic membrane can be reprogrammed as iPSCs,and they are capable of differentiating into specific types of cells.Some novel developments in iPSCs study in ophthalmology also were observed over the past few years.Induced iPSCs can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells,photoreceptors and other retinal cells,which lay a foundation for the therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.Differented from traditional treatment of stem cells,the generation of iPSCs makes it possible to utilize somatic cells derived from patients for stem cell therapy without provoking ethical and immunological problems.The generation of iPSCs,the current research about iPSCs in the ophthalmic field,the limitations of iPSCs in the clinic and their future development and application were reviewed.